@article {4842, title = {Biogeography and genetic diversity of terrestrial mites in the Ross Sea region, Antarctica}, journal = {Genes}, volume = {14}, year = {2023}, month = {03/2023}, pages = {606}, abstract = {

Free-living terrestrial mites (Acari) have persisted through numerous glacial cycles in Antarctica. Very little is known, however, of their genetic diversity and distribution, particularly within the Ross Sea region. To redress this gap, we sampled mites throughout the Ross Sea region, East Antarctica, including Victoria Land and the Queen Maud Mountains (QMM), covering a latitudinal range of 72\–85 \°S, as well as Lauft Island near Mt. Siple (73 \°S) in West Antarctica and Macquarie Island (54 \°S) in the sub-Antarctic. We assessed genetic diversity using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequences (COI-5P DNA barcode region), and also morphologically identified voucher specimens. We obtained 130 sequences representing four genera: Nanorchestes (n = 30 sequences), Stereotydeus (n = 46), Coccorhagidia (n = 18) and Eupodes (n = 36). Tree-based analyses (maximum likelihood) revealed 13 genetic clusters, representing as many as 23 putative species indicated by barcode index numbers (BINs) from the Barcode of Life Datasystems (BOLD) database. We found evidence for geographically-isolated cryptic species, e.g., within Stereotydeus belli and S. punctatus, as well as unique genetic groups occurring in sympatry (e.g., Nanorchestes spp. in QMM). Collectively, these data confirm high genetic divergence as a consequence of geographic isolation over evolutionary timescales. From a conservation perspective, additional targeted sampling of understudied areas in the Ross Sea region should be prioritised, as further diversity is likely to be found in these short-range endemic mites.

}, keywords = {LTER-MCM, Acari, Antarctic conservation, DNA barcoding, geographic isolation, speciation}, doi = {10.3390/genes14030606}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/3/606}, author = {Gemma E. Collins and Young, Monica R. and Peter Convey and Steven L. Chown and Craig S Cary and Byron Adams and Diana H. Wall and Hogg, Ian D.} } @article {3222, title = {A roadmap for Antarctic and Southern Ocean science for the next two decades and beyond}, journal = {Antarctic Science}, volume = {27}, year = {2015}, month = {Jan-02-2015}, pages = {3 - 18}, abstract = {

Antarctic and Southern Ocean science is vital to understanding natural variability, the processes that govern global change and the role of humans in the Earth and climate system. The potential for new knowledge to be gained from future Antarctic science is substantial. Therefore, the international Antarctic community came together to \‘scan the horizon\’ to identify the highest priority scientific questions that researchers should aspire to answer in the next two decades and beyond. Wide consultation was a fundamental principle for the development of a collective, international view of the most important future directions in Antarctic science. From the many possibilities, the horizon scan identified 80 key scientific questions through structured debate, discussion, revision and voting. Questions were clustered into seven topics: i) Antarctic atmosphere and global connections, ii) Southern Ocean and sea ice in a warming world, iii) ice sheet and sea level, iv) the dynamic Earth, v) life on the precipice, vi) near-Earth space and beyond, and vii) human presence in Antarctica. Answering the questions identified by the horizon scan will require innovative experimental designs, novel applications of technology, invention of next-generation field and laboratory approaches, and expanded observing systems and networks. Unbiased, non-contaminating procedures will be required to retrieve the requisite air, biota, sediment, rock, ice and water samples. Sustained year-round access to Antarctica and the Southern Ocean will be essential to increase winter-time measurements. Improved models are needed that represent Antarctica and the Southern Ocean in the Earth System, and provide predictions at spatial and temporal resolutions useful for decision making. A co-ordinated portfolio of cross-disciplinary science, based on new models of international collaboration, will be essential as no scientist, programme or nation can realize these aspirations alone

}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, issn = {0954-1020}, doi = {10.1017/S0954102014000674}, url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0954102014000674}, author = {Kennicutt, M.C. and Steven L. Chown and Cassano, J.J. and Liggett, D. and Lloyd S. Peck and Massom, R. and Rintoul, S.R. and Storey, J. and Vaughan, D.G. and Wilson, T.J. and Allison, I. and Ayton, J. and Badhe, R. and Baeseman, J. and Barrett, P.J. and Elanor R. Bell and Bertler, N. and Bo, S. and Brandt, A. and David Bromwich and Craig S Cary and Clark, M.S. and Peter Convey and Costa, E.S. and Cowan, D. and Deconto, R. and Dunbar, R. and Elfring, C. and Escutia, C. and Francis, J. and Fricker, H.A. and Fukuchi, M. and Gilbert, N. and Gutt, J. and Havermans, C. and Hik, D. and Hosie, G. and Jones, C. and Kim, Y.D. and Le Maho, Y. and Lee, S.H. and Leppe, M. and Leitchenkov, G. and Li, X. and Lipenkov, V. and Lochte, K. and L{\'o}pez-Mart{\'\i}nez, J. and {\"u}decke, C. and W. Berry Lyons and Marenssi, S. and Miller, H. and Morozova, P. and Naish, T. and Nayak, S. and Ravindra, R. and Retamales, J. and Ricci, C.A. and Rogan-Finnemore, M. and Ropert-Coudert, Y. and Samah, A.A. and Sanson, L. and Scambos, T. and I.R. Schloss and Shiraishi, K. and Siegert, M.J. and Sim{\~o}es, J.C. and Storey, B. and Sparrow, M.D. and Diana H. Wall and Walsh, J.C. and Wilson, G. and Winther, J.G. and J.C. Xavier and Yang, H. and Sutherland, W.J.} } @article {3219, title = {The spatial structure of Antarctic biodiversity}, journal = {Ecological Monographs}, volume = {84}, year = {2014}, month = {05/2014}, pages = {203 - 244}, abstract = {

Patterns of environmental spatial structure lie at the heart of the most fundamental and familiar patterns of diversity on Earth. Antarctica contains some of the strongest environmental gradients on the planet and therefore provides an ideal study ground to test hypotheses on the relevance of environmental variability for biodiversity. To answer the pivotal question, \“How does spatial variation in physical and biological environmental properties across the Antarctic drive biodiversity?\” we have synthesized current knowledge on environmental variability across terrestrial, freshwater, and marine Antarctic biomes and related this to the observed biotic patterns. The most important physical driver of Antarctic terrestrial communities is the availability of liquid water, itself driven by solar irradiance intensity. Patterns of biota distribution are further strongly influenced by the historical development of any given location or region, and by geographical barriers. In freshwater ecosystems, free water is also crucial, with further important influences from salinity, nutrient availability, oxygenation, and characteristics of ice cover and extent. In the marine biome there does not appear to be one major driving force, with the exception of the oceanographic boundary of the Polar Front. At smaller spatial scales, ice cover, ice scour, and salinity gradients are clearly important determinants of diversity at habitat and community level. Stochastic and extreme events remain an important driving force in all environments, particularly in the context of local extinction and colonization or recolonization, as well as that of temporal environmental variability. Our synthesis demonstrates that the Antarctic continent and surrounding oceans provide an ideal study ground to develop new biogeographical models, including life history and physiological traits, and to address questions regarding biological responses to environmental variability and change.

}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, issn = {0012-9615}, doi = {10.1890/12-2216.1}, url = {http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/12-2216.1}, author = {Peter Convey and Steven L. Chown and Clarke, Andrew and Barnes, David K. A. and Bokhorst, Stef and Vonda Cummings and Hugh W. Ducklow and Francesco Frati and Green, T. G. Allan and Shulamit Gordon and Griffiths, Huw J. and Clive Howard-Williams and Huiskes, Ad H. L. and Johanna Laybourn-Parry and W. Berry Lyons and McMinn, Andrew and Morley, Simon A. and Lloyd S. Peck and Quesada, Antonio and Robinson, Sharon A. and Schiaparelli, Stefano and Diana H. Wall} } @article {3539, title = {Long-term ecosystem networks to record change: an international imperative}, journal = {Antarctic Science}, volume = {23}, year = {2011}, month = {06/2011}, pages = {209}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, issn = {0954-1020}, doi = {10.1017/S0954102011000319}, url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0954102011000319}, author = {Diana H. Wall and W. Berry Lyons and Steven L. Chown and Peter Convey and Clive Howard-Williams and Quesada, Antonio and Warwick F. Vincent} } @article {3538, title = {Microclimate impacts of passive warming methods in Antarctica: implications for climate change studies}, journal = {Polar Biology}, volume = {34}, year = {2011}, month = {10/2011}, pages = {1421 - 1435}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, issn = {0722-4060}, doi = {10.1007/s00300-011-0997-y}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00300-011-0997-y}, author = {Bokhorst, Stef and Huiskes, Ad and Peter Convey and Sinclair, Brent J. and Lebouvier, Marc and Bart Van de Vijver and Diana H. Wall} } @inbook {1260, title = {Antarctic lake systems and climate change}, booktitle = {Trends in Antarctic Terrestrial and Limnetic Ecosystems: Antarctica as a Global Indicator}, year = {2006}, publisher = {S}, organization = {S}, address = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, doi = {LTER}, author = {W. Berry Lyons and Johanna Laybourn-Parry and Kathleen A. Welch and John C. Priscu}, editor = {D.M. Bergstrom and Peter Convey and A.H.L. Huiskes} } @article {1265, title = {Diversity and distribution of Victoria Land biota}, journal = {Soil Biology and Biochemistry}, volume = {38}, year = {2006}, pages = {3003-3018}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, doi = {10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.030}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0038071706002215}, author = {Byron Adams and Connell, L and Peter Convey and Fell, J and Francesco Frati and Hogg, I and Newsham, K and O{\textquoteright}Donnell, A and Russell, N and Seppelt, R and Stevens, M and Richard D. Bardgett and Edward Ayres and Diana H. Wall and Aislabie, J and Bamforth, S and Bargagli, R and Craig S Cary and Cavacini, P} } @inbook {1307, title = {Polar Systems}, booktitle = {Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Current State and Trends: Findings of the Condition and Trends Working Group}, year = {2005}, pages = {717-743}, publisher = {Island Press}, organization = {Island Press}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, doi = {LTER}, author = {F. S. Chapin and McGuire, A and Nuttall, M and Ross A. Virginia and Young, O and Zimov, S and Christensen, T and Godduhn, A and Murphy, E and Diana H. Wall and Zockler, C and Berman, M and Callaghan, T and Peter Convey and A. S. Crepin and Danell, K and Hugh W. Ducklow and Forbes, B and Kofinas, G}, editor = {R. Hassan and R. Scholes and N. Ash} }