%0 Thesis %B Biological Sciences %D 2023 %T Influence of landscape-variation in geochemistry on taxonomic and functional composition of microbial mat communities in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica %A Risteca, Paul J. %E John E. Barrett %K carbon %K microbial community %K microbial mat %K nitrogen %K phosphorus %K polar desert %K soil %X

Microbial communities play critical roles in biogeochemical cycles of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, but studies of soil microbial communities have been limited by the diversity and complexity found in most ecosystems. Here we report on work investigating the functional diversity of microbial mat and underlying soil communities in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica across a gradient of phosphorus availability on glacial tills of distinct age and mineral composition in Taylor Valley, Antarctica. Microbial mat and soil DNA were extracted and sequenced on an Illumina NextSeq500 in a 150 bp paired end format. Raw sequences were uploaded to the MG-RAST server for processing and annotation. Community taxonomic and functional annotation were determined using the RefSeq and SEED Subsystem databases, respectively. The results revealed significant variation in microbial mat community taxonomic composition between the two tills, strongly associated with visual assessment of mat morphology, e.g., "black" and "orange" mats, and soil N:P ratios. The underlying soil microbial communities did not exhibit significant differences in diversity between the two tills, but community composition varied significantly across gradients of soil chemistry, particularly extractable-phosphate content even within tills. The relative abundance of biogeochemistry-relevant pathways determined from the SEED database varied amongst soil microbial communities between the two tills. For example, microbial mat communities exhibited significant variation in the relative abundance of key nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism associated genes strongly associated with the underlying soil N:P. These results suggest that spatial variation in geochemistry influences the distribution and activity of microbial mats, but that the microbial mats themselves also exert a significant homogenizing effect on the underlying soil communities and some of the key biogeochemical processes they facilitate.

%B Biological Sciences %I Virginia Tech %C Blacksburg, VA %V M.S. %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/10919/115384 %9 masters %0 Journal Article %J Limnology and Oceanography Letters %D 2023 %T MacroSheds: A synthesis of long-term biogeochemical, hydroclimatic, and geospatial data from small watershed ecosystem studies %A Vlah, Michael J. %A Rhea, Spencer %A Bernhardt, Emily S. %A Slaughter, Weston %A Gubbins, Nick %A DelVecchia, Amanda G. %A Thellman, Audrey %A Ross, Matthew R. V. %X

The US Federal Government supports hundreds of watershed monitoring efforts from which solute fluxes can be calculated. Although instrumentation and methods vary between studies, the data collected and their motivating questions are remarkably similar. Nevertheless, little effort toward their compilation has previously been made. The MacroSheds project has developed a future-friendly system for harmonizing daily time series of streamflow, precipitation, and solute chemistry from 169+ watersheds, and supplementing each with watershed attributes. Here, we describe the breadth of MacroSheds data, and detail the steps involved in rendering each data product. We provide recommendations for usage and discuss when other datasets might be more suitable. The MacroSheds dataset is an unprecedented resource for watershed science, and for hydrology, as a small-watershed supplement to existing collections of streamflow predictors, like CAMELS and GAGES-II. The MacroSheds platform includes a web dashboard for visualization and an R package for data access and analysis.

%B Limnology and Oceanography Letters %V 8 %P 419 - 452 %8 06/2023 %G eng %U https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/lol2.10325 %N 3 %! Limnol Oceanogr Letters %R 10.1002/lol2.v8.310.1002/lol2.10325 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Glaciology %D 2023 %T Meteorological drivers of melt at two nearby glaciers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica %A Hofsteenge, Marte G. %A Cullen, Nicolas J. %A Conway, Jonathan P. %A Reijmer, Carleen H. %A van den Broeke, Michiel R. %A Katurji, Marwan %K Antarctic glaciology %K energy balance %K glacier meteorology %K ice/atmosphere interactions %K melt-surface %X

We study the meteorological drivers of melt at two glaciers in Taylor Valley, Antarctica, using 22 years of weather station observations and surface energy fluxes. The glaciers are located only 30 km apart, but have different local climates; Taylor Glacier is generally drier and windier than Commonwealth Glacier, which receives more snowfall due to its proximity to the coast. Commonwealth Glacier shows more inter-annual melt variability, explained by variable albedo due to summer snowfall events. A significant increase in surface melt at Commonwealth Glacier is associated with a decrease in summer minimum albedo. Inter-annual variability in melt at both glaciers is linked to degree-days above freezing during föhn events, occurring more frequently at Taylor Glacier. At Taylor Glacier melt occurs most often with positive air temperatures, but föhn conditions also favour sublimation, which cools the surface and prevents melt for the majority of the positive air temperatures. At Commonwealth Glacier, most of the melt instead occurs with sub-zero air temperatures, driven by strong solar radiative heating. Future melt at Taylor Glacier will likely be more sensitive to changes in föhn events, while Commonwealth Glacier will be impacted more by changes in near coastal weather, where moisture inputs can drive cloud cover, snowfall and change albedo.

%B Journal of Glaciology %P 1 - 13 %8 12/2023 %G eng %U https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-glaciology/article/meteorological-drivers-of-melt-at-two-nearby-glaciers-in-the-mcmurdo-dry-valleys-of-antarctica/2B8ED17DEC26AB5F0905BC4C7ACA02FA %R 10.1017/jog.2023.98 %0 Journal Article %J Biology %D 2023 %T Temperature response of metabolic activity of an Antarctic nematode %A Robinson, Colin Michael %A Hansen, Lee D. %A Xue, Xia %A Adams, Byron J. %K Antarctica %K carbon cycling %K climate change %K nematode %K respiration rates %K soil temperature %X

Because of climate change, the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica (MCM) have experienced an increase in the frequency and magnitude of summer pulse warming and surface ice and snow melting events. In response to these environmental changes, some nematode species in the MCM have experienced steady population declines over the last three decades, but Plectus murrayi, a mesophilic nematode species, has responded with a steady increase in range and abundance. To determine how P. murrayi responds to increasing temperatures, we measured metabolic heat and CO2 production rates and calculated O2 consumption rates as a function of temperature at 5 °C intervals from 5 to 50 °C. Heat, CO2 production, and O2 consumption rates increase approximately exponentially up to 40 °C, a temperature never experienced in their polar habitat. Metabolic rates decline rapidly above 40 °C and are irreversibly lost at 50 °C due to thermal stress and mortality. Caenorhabditis elegans, a much more widespread nematode that is found in more temperate environments reaches peak metabolic heat rate at just 27 °C, above which it experiences high mortality due to thermal stress. At temperatures from 10 to 40 °C, P. murrayi produces about 6 times more CO2 than the O2 it consumes, a respiratory quotient indicative of either acetogenesis or de novo lipogenesis. No potential acetogenic microbes were identified in the P. murrayi microbiome, suggesting that P. murrayi is producing increased CO2 as a byproduct of de novo lipogenesis. This phenomenon, in conjunction with increased summer temperatures in their polar habitat, will likely lead to increased demand for carbon and subsequent increases in CO2 production, population abundance, and range expansion. If such changes are not concomitant with increased carbon inputs, we predict the MCM soil ecosystems will experience dramatic declines in functional and taxonomic diversity.

%B Biology %V 12 %P 109 %8 01/2023 %G eng %U https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/1/109 %N 1 %R 10.3390/biology12010109 %0 Journal Article %J BioScience %D 2022 %T Cross-site comparisons of dryland ecosystem response to climate change in the US Long-Term Ecological Research Network %A Hudson, Amy R. %A Debra P. C. Peters %A J.M. Blair %A Childers, Daniel L. %A Peter T. Doran %A Geil, Kerrie %A Michael N. Gooseff %A Gross, Katherine L. %A Haddad, Nick M. %A Pastore, Melissa A. %A Rudgers, Jennifer A. %A Osvaldo E. Sala %A Seabloom, Eric W. %A Shaver, Gaius %K ANPP %K climate change %K Disturbance %K drought %K LTER %K wildfire %X

Long-term observations and experiments in diverse drylands reveal how ecosystems and services are responding to climate change. To develop generalities about climate change impacts at dryland sites, we compared broadscale patterns in climate and synthesized primary production responses among the eight terrestrial, nonforested sites of the United States Long-Term Ecological Research (US LTER) Network located in temperate (Southwest and Midwest) and polar (Arctic and Antarctic) regions. All sites experienced warming in recent decades, whereas drought varied regionally with multidecadal phases. Multiple years of wet or dry conditions had larger effects than single years on primary production. Droughts, floods, and wildfires altered resource availability and restructured plant communities, with greater impacts on primary production than warming alone. During severe regional droughts, air pollution from wildfire and dust events peaked. Studies at US LTER drylands over more than 40 years demonstrate reciprocal links and feedbacks among dryland ecosystems, climate-driven disturbance events, and climate change.

%B BioScience %8 08/2022 %G eng %U https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/advance-article/doi/10.1093/biosci/biab134/6654840 %R 10.1093/biosci/biab134 %0 Journal Article %J Global Change Biology %D 2022 %T Islands in the ice: Potential impacts of habitat transformation on Antarctic biodiversity %A Lee, Jasmine R. %A Waterman, Melinda J. %A Shaw, Justine D. %A Bergstrom, Dana M. %A Lynch, Heather J. %A Diana H. Wall %A Robinson, Sharon A. %K Antarctica %K biodiversity %K biotic homogenization %K climate change %K connectivity %K ice-free %K non-native species %X

Antarctic biodiversity faces an unknown future with a changing climate. Most terrestrial biota is restricted to limited patches of ice-free land in a sea of ice, where they are adapted to the continent's extreme cold and wind and exploit microhabitats of suitable conditions. As temperatures rise, ice-free areas are predicted to expand, more rapidly in some areas than others. There is high uncertainty as to how species' distributions, physiology, abundance, and survivorship will be affected as their habitats transform. Here we use current knowledge to propose hypotheses that ice-free area expansion (i) will increase habitat availability, though the quality of habitat will vary; (ii) will increase structural connectivity, although not necessarily increase opportunities for species establishment; (iii) combined with milder climates will increase likelihood of non-native species establishment, but may also lengthen activity windows for all species; and (iv) will benefit some species and not others, possibly resulting in increased homogeneity of biodiversity. We anticipate considerable spatial, temporal, and taxonomic variation in species responses, and a heightened need for interdisciplinary research to understand the factors associated with ecosystem resilience under future scenarios. Such research will help identify at-risk species or vulnerable localities and is crucial for informing environmental management and policymaking into the future.

%B Global Change Biology %8 07/2022 %G eng %U https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.16331 %R 10.1111/gcb.16331 %0 Report %D 2022 %T Ten scientific messages on risks and opportunities for life in the Antarctic %A Gutt, Julian %A Isla, Enrique %A Xavier, José C. %A Adams, Byron J. %A Ahn, In‐Young %A Cheng, C.‐H. Christina %A Colesie, Claudia %A Cummings, Vonda J. %A Griffiths, Huw J. %A Hogg, Ian D. %A McIntyre, Trevor %A Meiners, Klaus M. %A Pearce, David A. %A Lloyd S. Peck %A Piepenburg, Dieter %A Reisinger, Ryan R. %A Saba, Grace %A Schloss, Irene R. %A Signori, Camila N. %A Smith, Craig R. %A Vacchi, Marino %A Verde, Cinzia %A Diana H. Wall %X

Initiated by the SCAR scientific research programme “Antarctic Thresholds – Ecosystem Resilience and Adaptation” (AnT-ERA, 2013-2021), 26 experts synthesized knowledge on impacts and risks of climate-change on biological processes and ecosystem functions in the Antarctic. The ten main scientific messages that emerged addressed (1) accelerating marine and terrestrial biogeochemical cycles, (2) response to ocean acidification, (3) ecological changes in climate change hot spots, (4) unexpected dynamism of marine seafloor communities, (5) biodiversity shifts, (6) low temperature limitation of protein synthesis, (7) life intrinsically linked to changing sea ice conditions, (8) pollution, (9) genetically distinct terrestrial populations under threat, and (10) newly discovered habitats. Two-thirds of the literature included in this synthesis was published between 2010 and 2020 and only one-third was published earlier. The fast mounting, recent decadal evidence indicates various Antarctic biological communities now experience climate stress, or will experience such stress in the coming decades. The responses of organisms, ecosystem functions and services to environmental changes are complex and varied. Key knowledge gaps remain and need addressing to adequately assess future prospects for life in the Antarctic.

%B Information Summaries %I Antarctic Environments Portal %8 02/2022 %G eng %U https://environments.aq/publications/ten-scientific-messages-on-risks-and-opportunities-for-life-in-the-antarctic/ %0 Journal Article %J Biological Reviews %D 2021 %T Antarctic ecosystems in transition – life between stresses and opportunities %A Gutt, Julian %A Isla, Enrique %A Xavier, José C. %A Adams, Byron J. %A Ahn, In‐Young %A Cheng, C.‐H. Christina %A Colesie, Claudia %A Cummings, Vonda J. %A di Prisco, Guido %A Griffiths, Huw J. %A Ian Hawes %A Hogg, Ian D. %A McIntyre, Trevor %A Meiners, Klaus M. %A Pearce, David A. %A Lloyd S. Peck %A Piepenburg, Dieter %A Reisinger, Ryan R. %A Saba, Grace %A Schloss, Irene R. %A Signori, Camila N. %A Smith, Craig R. %A Vacchi, Marino %A Verde, Cinzia %A Diana H. Wall %K adaptation %K benthic dynamism %K biogeochemical cycles %K climate change %K invasion %K new habitats %K ocean acidification %K Primary production %K range shifts %K sea ice %X

Important findings from the second decade of the 21st century on the impact of environmental change on biological processes in the Antarctic were synthesised by 26 international experts. Ten key messages emerged that have stakeholder‐relevance and/or a high impact for the scientific community. They address (i) altered biogeochemical cycles, (ii) ocean acidification, (iii) climate change hotspots, (iv) unexpected dynamism in seabed‐dwelling populations, (v) spatial range shifts, (vi) adaptation and thermal resilience, (vii) sea ice related biological fluctuations, (viii) pollution, (ix) endangered terrestrial endemism and (x) the discovery of unknown habitats. Most Antarctic biotas are exposed to multiple stresses and considered vulnerable to environmental change due to narrow tolerance ranges, rapid change, projected circumpolar impacts, low potential for timely genetic adaptation, and migration barriers. Important ecosystem functions, such as primary production and energy transfer between trophic levels, have already changed, and biodiversity patterns have shifted. A confidence assessment of the degree of ‘scientific understanding’ revealed an intermediate level for most of the more detailed sub‐messages, indicating that process‐oriented research has been successful in the past decade. Additional efforts are necessary, however, to achieve the level of robustness in scientific knowledge that is required to inform protection measures of the unique Antarctic terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and their contributions to global biodiversity and ecosystem services.

%B Biological Reviews %8 06/2021 %G eng %U https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/brv.12679 %R 10.1111/brv.12679 %0 Journal Article %J Ecosphere %D 2021 %T Connectivity: Insights from the U.S. Long Term Ecological Research Network %A Iwaniec, David M. %A Michael N. Gooseff %A Suding, Katharine N. %A Johnson, David Samuel %A Reed, Daniel C. %A Debra P. C. Peters %A Byron Adams %A John E. Barrett %A Bestelmeyer, Brandon T. %A Castorani, Max C. N. %A Cook, Elizabeth M. %A Davidson, Melissa J. %A Groffman, Peter M. %A Hanan, Niall P. %A Huenneke, L %A Johnson, Pieter T. J. %A Diane M. McKnight %A Miller, Robert J. %A Okin, Gregory S. %A Preston, Daniel L. %A Rassweiler, Andrew %A Ray, Chris %A Osvaldo E. Sala %A Schooley, Robert %A Seastedt, Timothy %A Spasojevic, Marko J. %A Vivoni, Enrique R. %K alpine tundra %K Antarctic polar desert %K arid grassland %K arid shrubland %K coastal %K estuary %K salt marsh %K Special Feature: Forecasting Earth’s Ecosystems with Long-Term Ecological Research %K urban ecosystem %X

Ecosystems across the United States are changing in complex and surprising ways. Ongoing demand for critical ecosystem services requires an understanding of the populations and communities in these ecosystems in the future. This paper represents a synthesis effort of the U.S. National Science Foundation-funded Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) network addressing the core research area of “populations and communities.” The objective of this effort was to show the importance of long-term data collection and experiments for addressing the hardest questions in scientific ecology that have significant implications for environmental policy and management. Each LTER site developed at least one compelling case study about what their site could look like in 50–100 yr as human and environmental drivers influencing specific ecosystems change. As the case studies were prepared, five themes emerged, and the studies were grouped into papers in this LTER Futures Special Feature addressing state change, connectivity, resilience, time lags, and cascading effects. This paper addresses the “connectivity” theme and has examples from the Phoenix (urban), Niwot Ridge (alpine tundra), McMurdo Dry Valleys (polar desert), Plum Island (coastal), Santa Barbara Coastal (coastal), and Jornada (arid grassland and shrubland) sites. Connectivity has multiple dimensions, ranging from multi-scalar interactions in space to complex interactions over time that govern the transport of materials and the distribution and movement of organisms. The case studies presented here range widely, showing how land-use legacies interact with climate to alter the structure and function of arid ecosystems and flows of resources and organisms in Antarctic polar desert, alpine, urban, and coastal marine ecosystems. Long-term ecological research demonstrates that connectivity can, in some circumstances, sustain valuable ecosystem functions, such as the persistence of foundation species and their associated biodiversity or, it can be an agent of state change, as when it increases wind and water erosion. Increased connectivity due to warming can also lead to species range expansions or contractions and the introduction of undesirable species. Continued long-term studies are essential for addressing the complexities of connectivity. The diversity of ecosystems within the LTER network is a strong platform for these studies.

%B Ecosphere %V 12 %P e03432 %8 05/2021 %G eng %U https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecs2.3432 %N 5 %R 10.1002/ecs2.v12.510.1002/ecs2.3432 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Sedimentary Research %D 2021 %T Meta-analysis of Cryogenian through modern quartz microtextures reveals sediment transport histories %A Reahl, Jocelyn N. %A Cantine, Marjorie D. %A Wilcots, Julia %A Mackey, Tyler J. %A Bergmann, Kristin D. %X

Quantitative analysis of quartz microtextures by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can reveal the transport histories of modern and ancient sediments. However, because workers identify and count microtextures differently, it is difficult to directly compare quantitative microtextural data analyzed by different workers. As a result, the defining microtextures of certain transport modes and their probabilities of occurrence are not well constrained. We used principal-component analysis (PCA) to directly compare modern and ancient aeolian, fluvial, and glacial samples from the literature with nine new samples from active aeolian and glacial environments. Our results demonstrate that PCA can group microtextural samples by transport mode and differentiate between aeolian transport and fluvial and glacial transport across studies. The PCA ordination indicates that aeolian samples are distinct from fluvial and glacial samples, which are in turn difficult to disambiguate from each other. Ancient and modern sediments are also shown to have quantitatively similar microtextural relationships. Therefore, PCA may be a useful tool to constrain the ambiguous transport histories of some ancient sediment grains. As a case study, we analyzed two samples with ambiguous transport histories from the Cryogenian Bråvika Member (Svalbard). Integrating PCA with field observations, we find evidence that the Bråvika Member facies investigated here includes aeolian deposition and may be analogous to syn-glacial Marinoan aeolian units including the Bakoye Formation in Mali and the Whyalla Sandstone in South Australia.

%B Journal of Sedimentary Research %V 91 %P 929-944 %8 09/2021 %G eng %U https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/jsedres/article/91/9/929/607764/Meta-analysis-of-Cryogenian-through-modern-quartz %N 9 %R 10.2110/jsr.2020.151 %0 Journal Article %J Climate Change Ecology %D 2021 %T Patterns and trends of organic matter processing and transport: Insights from the US Long-term Ecological Research Network %A Harms, Tamara K. %A Groffman, Peter M. %A Aluwihare, Lihini %A Craft, Christopher %A Wieder, William R %A Hobbie, S %A Baer, Sara G. %A J.M. Blair %A Frey, Serita D. %A Remucal, Christina K. %A Rudgers, Jennifer A. %A Collins, SL %A Kominoski, John S. %A Ball, Becky %A John C. Priscu %A John E. Barrett %K coupled biogeochemical cycles %K cross-site synthesis %K organic matter composition %K organic matter storage %K stabilization %K transport %X

Organic matter (OM) dynamics determine how much carbon is stored in ecosystems, a service that modulates climate. We synthesized research from across the US Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network to assemble a conceptual model of OM dynamics that is consistent with inter-disciplinary perspectives and emphasizes vulnerability of OM pools to disturbance. Guided by this conceptual model, we identified unanticipated patterns and long-term trends in processing and transport of OM emerging from terrestrial, freshwater, wetland, and marine ecosystems. Cross-ecosystem synthesis combined with a survey of researchers revealed several themes: 1) strong effects of climate change on OM dynamics, 2) surprising patterns in OM storage and dynamics resulting from coupling with nutrients, 3) characteristic and often complex legacies of land use and disturbance, 4) a significant role of OM transport that is often overlooked in terrestrial ecosystems, and 5) prospects for reducing uncertainty in forecasting OM dynamics by incorporating the chemical composition of OM. Cross-fertilization of perspectives and approaches across LTER sites and other research networks can stimulate the comprehensive understanding required to support large-scale characterizations of OM budgets and the role of ecosystems in regulating global climate.

%B Climate Change Ecology %V 2 %P 100025 %8 12/2021 %G eng %U https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666900521000253 %R 10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100025 %0 Journal Article %J Microorganisms %D 2021 %T Phagotrophic protists and their associates: Evidence for preferential grazing in an abiotically driven soil ecosystem %A Thompson, Andrew R. %A Roth-Monzón, Andrea J. %A Aanderud, Zachary T. %A Adams, Byron J. %K Antarctica %K co-occurrence networks %K McMurdo Dry Valleys %K Rhogostoma sp. %K Sandona sp. %K soil food webs %K variation partitioning %X

The complex relationship between ecosystem function and soil food web structure is governed by species interactions, many of which remain unmapped. Phagotrophic protists structure soil food webs by grazing the microbiome, yet their involvement in intraguild competition, susceptibility to predator diversity, and grazing preferences are only vaguely known. These species-dependent interactions are contextualized by adjacent biotic and abiotic processes, and thus obfuscated by typically high soil biodiversity. Such questions may be investigated in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) of Antarctica because the physical environment strongly filters biodiversity and simplifies the influence of abiotic factors. To detect the potential interactions in the MDV, we analyzed the co-occurrence among shotgun metagenome sequences for associations suggestive of intraguild competition, predation, and preferential grazing. In order to control for confounding abiotic drivers, we tested co-occurrence patterns against various climatic and edaphic factors. Non-random co-occurrence between phagotrophic protists and other soil fauna was biotically driven, but we found no support for competition or predation. However, protists predominately associated with Proteobacteria and avoided Actinobacteria, suggesting grazing preferences were modulated by bacterial cell-wall structure and growth rate. Our study provides a critical starting-point for mapping protist interactions in native soils and highlights key trends for future targeted molecular and culture-based approaches.

%B Microorganisms %V 9 %P 1555 %8 08/2021 %G eng %U https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/8/1555 %N 8 %R 10.3390/microorganisms9081555 %0 Journal Article %J Scientific Data %D 2020 %T A global database of soil nematode abundance and functional group composition %A van den Hoogen, Johan %A Geisen, Stefan %A Diana H. Wall %A Wardle, D %A Traunspurger, Walter %A de Goede, Ron G. M. %A Byron Adams %A Ahmad, Wasim %A Ferris, Howard %A Richard D. Bardgett %A Bonkowski, Michael %A Campos-Herrera, Raquel %A Cares, Juvenil E. %A Caruso, Tancredi %A de Brito Caixeta, Larissa %A Chen, Xiaoyun %A Costa, Sofia R. %A Creamer, Rachel %A da Cunha e Castro, José %A Dam, Marie %A Djigal, Djibril %A Escuer, Miguel %A Griffiths, Bryan S. %A Gutiérrez, Carmen %A Hohberg, Karin %A Kalinkina, Daria %A Kardol, Paul %A Kergunteuil, Alan %A Korthals, Gerard %A Krashevska, Valentyna %A Kudrin, Alexey A. %A Li, Qi %A Liang, Wenju %A Magilton, Matthew %A Marais, Mariette %A Martín, José Antonio Rodríguez %A Matveeva, Elizaveta %A Mayad, El Hassan %A Mzough, E. %A Mulder, Christian %A Mullin, Peter %A Neilson, Roy %A Nguyen, T. A. Duong %A Uffe N. Nielsen %A Okada, Hiroaki %A Rius, Juan Emilio Palomares %A Pan, Kaiwen %A Peneva, Vlada %A Pellissier, Loïc %A Carlos Pereira da Silva, Julio %A Pitteloud, Camille %A Powers, Thomas O. %A Powers, Kirsten %A Quist, Casper W. %A Rasmann, Sergio %A Moreno, Sara Sánchez %A Scheu, Stefan %A Setälä, Heikki %A Sushchuk, Anna %A Tiunov, Alexei V. %A Trap, Jean %A Vestergård, Mette %A Villenave, Cecile %A Waeyenberge, Lieven %A Wilschut, Rutger %A Wright, Daniel G. %A Keith, Aidan M. %A Yang, Jiue-in %A Schmidt, Olaf %A Bouharroud, R. %A Ferji, Z. %A van der Putten, Wim H. %A Routh, Devin %A Crowther, Thomas Ward %X

As the most abundant animals on earth, nematodes are a dominant component of the soil community. they play critical roles in regulating biogeochemical cycles and vegetation dynamics within and across landscapes and are an indicator of soil biological activity. Here, we present a comprehensive global dataset of soil nematode abundance and functional group composition. This dataset includes 6,825 georeferenced soil samples from all continents and biomes. For geospatial mapping purposes these samples are aggregated into 1,933 unique 1-km pixels, each of which is linked to 73 global environmental covariate data layers. Altogether, this dataset can help to gain insight into the spatial distribution patterns of soil nematode abundance and community composition, and the environmental drivers shaping these patterns.

%B Scientific Data %V 7 %8 03/2020 %G eng %U https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-020-0437-3 %N 1 %R 10.1038/s41597-020-0437-3 %0 Journal Article %J Frontiers in Plant Science %D 2020 %T Glycerol is an osmoprotectant in two Antarctic Chlamydomonas species from an ice-covered saline lake and is synthesized by an unusual bidomain enzyme %A Raymond, James A. %A Rachael M. Morgan-Kiss %A Stahl-Rommel, Sarah %K Antarctica %K Chlamydomonas %K glycerol synthesis %K glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase %K Lake Bonney %K phosphoserine phosphatase %X

Glycerol, a compatible solute, has previously been found to act as an osmoprotectant in some marine Chlamydomonas species and several species of Dunaliella from hypersaline ponds. Recently, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Dunaliella salina were shown to make glycerol with an unusual bidomain enzyme, which appears to be unique to algae, that contains a phosphoserine phosphatase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Here we report that two psychrophilic species of Chlamydomonas (C. spp. UWO241 and ICE-MDV) from Lake Bonney, Antarctica also produce high levels of glycerol to survive in the lake’s saline waters. Glycerol concentration increased linearly with salinity and at 1.3 M NaCl, exceeded 400 mM in C. sp. UWO241, the more salt-tolerant strain. We also show that both species expressed several isoforms of the bidomain enzyme. An analysis of one of the isoforms of C. sp. UWO241 showed that it was strongly upregulated by NaCl and is thus the likely source of glycerol. These results reveal another adaptation of the Lake Bonney Chlamydomonas species that allow them to survive in an extreme polar environment.

%B Frontiers in Plant Science %V 11 %8 08/2020 %G eng %U https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2020.01259/full %R 10.3389/fpls.2020.01259 %0 Journal Article %J Sedimentology %D 2019 %T In a PICL: The sedimentary deposits and facies of perennially ice-covered lakes %A Rivera-Hernandez, Frances %A Sumner, Dawn Y. %A Mackey, Tyler J. %A Ian Hawes %A Dale T. Andersen %X

Perennially ice‐covered lakes can have significantly different facies than open‐water lakes because sediment is transported onto the ice, where it accumulates, and sand grains preferentially melt through to be deposited on the lake floor. To characterize the facies in these lakes, sedimentary deposits from five Antarctic perennially ice‐covered lakes were described using lake‐bottom observations, underwater video and images, and sediment cores. One lake was dominated by laminated microbial mats and mud (derived from an abutting glacier), with disseminated sand and rare gravel. The other four lakes were dominated by laminated microbial mats and moderately well to moderately sorted medium to very coarse sand with sparse granules and pebbles; they contained minor interstitial or laminated mud (derived from streams and abutting glaciers). The sand was disseminated or localized in mounds and 1 m to more than 10 m long elongate ridges. Mounds were centimetres to metres in diameter; conical, elongate or round in shape; and isolated or deposited near or on top of one another. Sand layers in the mounds had normal, inverse, or no grading. Nine mixed mud and sand facies were defined for perennially ice‐covered lakes based on the relative proportion of mud to sand and the style of sand deposition. While perennially ice‐covered lake facies overlap with other ice‐influenced lakes and glaciomarine facies, they are characterized by a paucity of grains coarser than granules, a narrow range in sand grain sizes, and inverse grading in the sand mounds. These facies can be used to infer changes in ice cover through time and to identify perennially ice‐covered lakes in the rock record. Ancient perennially ice‐covered lakes are expected on Earth and Mars, and their characterization will provide new insights into past climatic conditions and habitability.

%B Sedimentology %V 66 %8 04/2019 %G eng %U https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/sed.12522 %N 3 %! Sedimentology %R 10.1111/sed.12522 %0 Journal Article %J Nature %D 2019 %T Soil nematode abundance and functional group composition at a global scale %A van den Hoogen, Johan %A Geisen, Stefan %A Routh, Devin %A Ferris, Howard %A Traunspurger, Walter %A Wardle, D %A de Goede, Ron G. M. %A Byron Adams %A Ahmad, Wasim %A Andriuzzi, Walter S. %A Richard D. Bardgett %A Bonkowski, Michael %A Campos-Herrera, Raquel %A Cares, Juvenil E. %A Caruso, Tancredi %A de Brito Caixeta, Larissa %A Chen, Xiaoyun %A Costa, Sofia R. %A Creamer, Rachel %A Mauro da Cunha Castro, José %A Dam, Marie %A Djigal, Djibril %A Escuer, Miguel %A Griffiths, Bryan S. %A Gutiérrez, Carmen %A Hohberg, Karin %A Kalinkina, Daria %A Kardol, Paul %A Kergunteuil, Alan %A Korthals, Gerard %A Krashevska, Valentyna %A Kudrin, Alexey A. %A Li, Qi %A Liang, Wenju %A Magilton, Matthew %A Marais, Mariette %A Martín, José Antonio Rodríguez %A Matveeva, Elizaveta %A Mayad, El Hassan %A Mulder, Christian %A Mullin, Peter %A Neilson, Roy %A Nguyen, T. A. Duong %A Uffe N. Nielsen %A Okada, Hiroaki %A Rius, Juan Emilio Palomares %A Pan, Kaiwen %A Peneva, Vlada %A Pellissier, Loïc %A Carlos Pereira da Silva, Julio %A Pitteloud, Camille %A Powers, Thomas O. %A Powers, Kirsten %A Quist, Casper W. %A Rasmann, Sergio %A Moreno, Sara Sánchez %A Scheu, Stefan %A Setälä, Heikki %A Sushchuk, Anna %A Tiunov, Alexei V. %A Trap, Jean %A van der Putten, W %A Vestergård, Mette %A Villenave, Cecile %A Waeyenberge, Lieven %A Diana H. Wall %A Wilschut, Rutger %A Wright, Daniel G. %A Yang, Jiue-in %A Crowther, Thomas Ward %X

Soil organisms are a crucial part of the terrestrial biosphere. Despite their importance for ecosystem functioning, few quantitative, spatially explicit models of the active belowground community currently exist. In particular, nematodes are the most abundant animals on Earth, filling all trophic levels in the soil food web. Here we use 6,759 georeferenced samples to generate a mechanistic understanding of the patterns of the global abundance of nematodes in the soil and the composition of their functional groups. The resulting maps show that 4.4 ± 0.64 × 1020 nematodes (with a total biomass of approximately 0.3 gigatonnes) inhabit surface soils across the world, with higher abundances in sub-Arctic regions (38% of total) than in temperate (24%) or tropical (21%) regions. Regional variations in these global trends also provide insights into local patterns of soil fertility and functioning. These high-resolution models provide the first steps towards representing soil ecological processes in global biogeochemical models and will enable the prediction of elemental cycling under current and future climate scenarios.

%B Nature %V 572 %8 08/2019 %G eng %U https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1418-6 %N 7768 %R 10.1038/s41586-019-1418-6 %0 Journal Article %J Global Ecology and Biogeography %D 2018 %T BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene %A Dornelas, Maria %A Antão, Laura H. %A Moyes, Faye %A Bates, Amanda E. %A Magurran, Anne E. %A Adam, Dušan %A Akhmetzhanova, Asem A. %A Appeltans, Ward %A Arcos, José Manuel %A Arnold, Haley %A Ayyappan, Narayanan %A Badihi, Gal %A Baird, Andrew H. %A Barbosa, Miguel %A Barreto, Tiago Egydio %A Bässler, Claus %A Bellgrove, Alecia %A Belmaker, Jonathan %A Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro %A Bett, Brian J. %A Bjorkman, Anne D. %A Błażewicz, Magdalena %A Blowes, Shane A. %A Bloch, Christopher P. %A Bonebrake, Timothy C. %A Boyd, Susan %A Bradford, Matt %A Brooks, Andrew J. %A Brown, James H. %A Bruelheide, Helge %A Budy, Phaedra %A Carvalho, Fernando %A Castañeda-Moya, Edward %A Chen, Chaolun Allen %A Chamblee, John F. %A Chase, Tory J. %A Siegwart Collier, Laura %A Collinge, Sharon K. %A Condit, Richard %A Cooper, Elisabeth J. %A Cornelissen, J. Hans C. %A Cotano, Unai %A Kyle Crow, Shannan %A Damasceno, Gabriella %A Davies, Claire H. %A Davis, Robert A. %A Day, Frank P. %A Degraer, Steven %A Doherty, Tim S. %A Dunn, Timothy E. %A Durigan, Giselda %A Duffy, J. Emmett %A Edelist, Dor %A Edgar, Graham J. %A Elahi, Robin %A Elmendorf, Sarah C. %A Enemar, Anders %A Ernest, S. K. Morgan %A Escribano, Rubén %A Estiarte, Marc %A Evans, Brian S. %A Fan, Tung-Yung %A Turini Farah, Fabiano %A Loureiro Fernandes, Luiz %A Farneda, Fábio Z. %A Fidelis, Alessandra %A Fitt, Robert %A Fosaa, Anna Maria %A Daher Correa Franco, Geraldo Antonio %A Frank, Grace E. %A Fraser, William R. %A García, Hernando %A Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto %A Givan, Or %A Gorgone-Barbosa, Elizabeth %A Gould, William A. %A Gries, Corinna %A Grossman, Gary D. %A Gutierréz, Julio R. %A Hale, Stephen %A Harmon, Mark E. %A Harte, John %A Haskins, Gary %A Henshaw, Donald L. %A Hermanutz, Luise %A Hidalgo, Pamela %A Higuchi, Pedro %A Hoey, Andrew %A Van Hoey, Gert %A Hofgaard, Annika %A Holeck, Kristen %A Hollister, Robert D. %A Holmes, Richard %A Hoogenboom, Mia %A Hsieh, Chih-hao %A Hubbell, Stephen P. %A Huettmann, Falk %A Huffard, Christine L. %A Hurlbert, Allen H. %A Macedo Ivanauskas, Natália %A Janík, David %A Jandt, Ute %A Jażdżewska, Anna %A Johannessen, Tore %A Johnstone, Jill %A Jones, Julia %A Jones, Faith A. M. %A Kang, Jungwon %A Kartawijaya, Tasrif %A Keeley, Erin C. %A Kelt, Douglas A. %A Kinnear, Rebecca %A Klanderud, Kari %A Knutsen, Halvor %A Koenig, Christopher C. %A Kortz, Alessandra R. %A Král, Kamil %A Kuhnz, Linda A. %A Kuo, Chao-Yang %A Kushner, David J. %A Laguionie-Marchais, Claire %A Lancaster, Lesley T. %A Min Lee, Cheol %A Lefcheck, Jonathan S. %A Lévesque, Esther %A Lightfoot, David %A Lloret, Francisco %A Lloyd, John D. %A López-Baucells, Adrià %A Louzao, Maite %A Madin, Joshua S. %A Magnússon, Borgþór %A Malamud, Shahar %A Matthews, Iain %A McFarland, Kent P. %A McGill, Brian %A Diane M. McKnight %A McLarney, William O. %A Meador, Jason %A Meserve, Peter L. %A Metcalfe, Daniel J. %A Meyer, Christoph F. J. %A Michelsen, Anders %A Milchakova, Nataliya %A Moens, Tom %A Moland, Even %A Moore, Jon %A Mathias Moreira, Carolina %A Müller, Jörg %A Murphy, Grace %A Myers-Smith, Isla H. %A Myster, Randall W. %A Naumov, Andrew %A Neat, Francis %A Nelson, James A. %A Paul Nelson, Michael %A Newton, Stephen F. %A Norden, Natalia %A Oliver, Jeffrey C. %A Olsen, Esben M. %A Onipchenko, Vladimir G. %A Pabis, Krzysztof %A Pabst, Robert J. %A Paquette, Alain %A Pardede, Sinta %A Paterson, David M. %A Pélissier, Raphaël %A Peñuelas, Josep %A Pérez-Matus, Alejandro %A Pizarro, Oscar %A Pomati, Francesco %A Post, Eric %A Prins, Herbert H. T. %A John C. Priscu %A Provoost, Pieter %A Prudic, Kathleen L. %A Pulliainen, Erkki %A Ramesh, B. R. %A Mendivil Ramos, Olivia %A Rassweiler, Andrew %A Rebelo, Jose Eduardo %A Reed, Daniel C. %A Reich, Peter B. %A Remillard, Suzanne M. %A Richardson, Anthony J. %A Richardson, J. Paul %A van Rijn, Itai %A Rocha, Ricardo %A Rivera-Monroy, Victor H. %A Rixen, Christian %A Robinson, Kevin P. %A Ribeiro Rodrigues, Ricardo %A de Cerqueira Rossa-Feres, Denise %A Rudstam, Lars %A Ruhl, Henry %A Ruz, Catalina S. %A Sampaio, Erica M. %A Rybicki, Nancy %A Rypel, Andrew %A Sal, Sofia %A Salgado, Beatriz %A Santos, Flavio A. M. %A Savassi-Coutinho, Ana Paula %A Scanga, Sara %A Schmidt, Jochen %A Schooley, Robert %A Setiawan, Fakhrizal %A Shao, Kwang-Tsao %A Shaver, Gaius R. %A Sherman, Sally %A Sherry, Thomas W. %A Siciński, Jacek %A Sievers, Caya %A da Silva, Ana Carolina %A Rodrigues da Silva, Fernando %A Silveira, Fabio L. %A Slingsby, Jasper %A Smart, Tracey %A Snell, Sara J. %A Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A. %A Souza, Gabriel B. G. %A Maluf Souza, Flaviana %A Castro Souza, Vinícius %A Stallings, Christopher D. %A Stanforth, Rowan %A Stanley, Emily H. %A Mauro Sterza, José %A Stevens, Maarten %A Stuart-Smith, Rick %A Rondon Suarez, Yzel %A Supp, Sarah %K biodiversity %K global %K spatial %K species richness %K temporal %K turnover %X

Motivation: The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community-led open-source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal patterns of biodiversity in the Anthropocene.

Main types of variables included: The database contains 8,777,413 species abundance records, from assemblages consistently sampled for a minimum of 2 years, which need not necessarily be consecutive. In addition, the database contains metadata relating to sampling methodology and contextual information about each record.

Spatial location and grain: BioTIME is a global database of 547,161 unique sampling locations spanning the marine, freshwater and terrestrial realms. Grain size varies across datasets from 0.0000000158 km2 (158 cm2) to 100 km2 (1,000,000,000,000 cm2). Time period and grain BioTIME records span from 1874 to 2016. The minimal temporal grain across all datasets in BioTIME is a year.

Major taxa and level of measurement: BioTIME includes data from 44,440 species across the plant and animal kingdoms, ranging from plants, plankton and terrestrial invertebrates to small and large vertebrates.

Software format: .csv and .SQL.

%B Global Ecology and Biogeography %V 27 %P 760-786 %8 07/2018 %G eng %U https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/geb.12729 %N 7 %R 10.1111/geb.12729 %0 Thesis %B Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences %D 2018 %T Microbial and CO2 responses to water stresses show decreased productivity and diversity through time %A Robinson, David M. %A Aanderud, Zachary T. %K dormancy %K PiCRUST %K turnover %X

Some bacterial taxa when stimulated by water additions will break dormancy, grow, and become dominant members of the community and contribute significant pulses of CO2 associated with the rewetting event. These pulses of activity are associated with high levels of bacterial productivity in soils. (Aanderud et al. 2011) We examined the bacterial taxa that resuscitate and become metabolically active following two forms of water stress (soil drying- rewetting and freeze-thaw cycles) and we captured and measured the CO2 emanating from those soils. Specifically, We used target metagenomics, which uses a specific gene pool within bacteria that is associated with a function of an ecological process, in this case active (16S rRNA communities) bacteria and all bacteria (16S rRNA communities) during drying-rewetting and freeze-thaw cycles. We measured an array of community dynamics (i.e., evenness, richness, diversity, relative abundance of taxa, and network analyses between taxa) as dry soils are rewetted and as frozen soils thaw multiple times in three cold desert soils. Soils from all three locations exhibited some similar bacterial taxa and gene function but were large in part their own community derived from the evolutionary history of the continent in which they reside.

%B Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences %I Brigham Young University %C Provo, UT %V M.S. %8 05/2018 %G eng %U https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6830 %9 masters %0 Journal Article %J Scientific Reports %D 2017 %T Early diverging lineages within Cryptomycota and Chytridiomycota dominate the fungal communities in ice-covered lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica %A Rojas-Jimenez, Keilor %A Wurzbacher, Christian %A Bourne, Elizabeth Charlotte %A Amy Chiuchiolo %A John C. Priscu %A Grossart, Hans-Peter %X

Antarctic ice-covered lakes are exceptional sites for studying the ecology of aquatic fungi under conditions of minimal human disturbance. In this study, we explored the diversity and community composition of fungi in five permanently covered lake basins located in the Taylor and Miers Valleys of Antarctica. Based on analysis of the 18S rRNA sequences, we showed that fungal taxa represented between 0.93% and 60.32% of the eukaryotic sequences. Cryptomycota and Chytridiomycota dominated the fungal communities in all lakes; however, members of Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, and Blastocladiomycota were also present. Of the 1313 fungal OTUs identified, the two most abundant, belonging to LKM11 and Chytridiaceae, comprised 74% of the sequences. Significant differences in the community structure were determined among lakes, water depths, habitat features (i.e., brackish vs. freshwaters), and nucleic acids (DNA vs. RNA), suggesting niche differentiation. Network analysis suggested the existence of strong relationships among specific fungal phylotypes as well as between fungi and other eukaryotes. This study sheds light on the biology and ecology of basal fungi in aquatic systems. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing the predominance of early diverging lineages of fungi in pristine limnetic ecosystems, particularly of the enigmatic phylum Cryptomycota.

%B Scientific Reports %V 7 %8 11/2017 %G eng %U https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-15598-w %N 1 %! Sci Rep %& 15348 %R 10.1038/s41598-017-15598-w %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Phycology %D 2017 %T Multiple ice-binding proteins of probable prokaryotic origin in an Antarctic lake alga, Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-MDV (Chlorophyceae) %A Raymond, James A. %A Rachael M. Morgan-Kiss %E Valentin, K. %X

Ice‐associated algae produce ice‐binding proteins (IBPs) to prevent freezing damage. The IBPs of the three chlorophytes that have been examined so far share little similarity across species, making it likely that they were acquired by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). To clarify the importance and source of IBPs in chlorophytes, we sequenced the IBP genes of another Antarctic chlorophyte, Chlamydomonas sp. ICE‐MDV (Chlamy‐ICE). Genomic DNA and total RNA were sequenced and screened for known ice‐associated genes. Chlamy‐ICE has as many as 50 IBP isoforms, indicating that they have an important role in survival. The IBPs are of the DUF3494 type and have similar exon structures. The DUF3494 sequences are much more closely related to prokaryotic sequences than they are to sequences in other chlorophytes, and the chlorophyte IBP and ribosomal 18S phylogenies are dissimilar. The multiple IBP isoforms found in Chlamy‐ICE and other algae may allow the algae to adapt to a greater variety of ice conditions than prokaryotes, which typically have a single IBP gene. The predicted structure of the DUF3494 domain has an ice‐binding face with an orderly array of hydrophilic side chains. The results indicate that Chlamy‐ICE acquired its IBP genes by HGT in a single event. The acquisitions of IBP genes by this and other species of Antarctic algae by HGT appear to be key evolutionary events that allowed algae to extend their ranges into polar environments.

%B Journal of Phycology %V 53 %8 08/2017 %G eng %U https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jpy.12550 %N 4 %! J. Phycol. %& 848 %R 10.1111/jpy.12550 %0 Journal Article %J PLOS ONE %D 2016 %T Hydrological Controls on Ecosystem Dynamics in Lake Fryxell, Antarctica %A Herbei, Radu %A Rytel, Alexander L. %A W. Berry Lyons %A Diane M. McKnight %A Chris Jaros %A Michael N. Gooseff %A John C. Priscu %E Hewitt, Judi %B PLOS ONE %V 11 %P e0159038 %8 07/2016 %G eng %U http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159038 %N 7 %! PLoS ONE %R 10.1371/journal.pone.015903810.1371 %0 Journal Article %J Oecologia %D 2015 %T Global environmental change and the nature of aboveground net primary productivity responses: insights from long-term experiments %A Smith, Melinda D. %A La Pierre, Kimberly J. %A Collins, SL %A Knapp, Alan K. %A Gross, Katherine L. %A John E. Barrett %A Frey, Serita D. %A Gough, Laura %A Miller, Robert J. %A Morris, James T. %A Rustad, Lindsey E. %A Yarie, John %B Oecologia %V 177 %P 935 - 947 %8 04/2015 %G eng %U http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00442-015-3230-9http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00442-015-3230-9 %N 4 %! Oecologia %R 10.1007/s00442-015-3230-9 %0 Journal Article %J Antarctic Science %D 2015 %T A roadmap for Antarctic and Southern Ocean science for the next two decades and beyond %A Kennicutt, M.C. %A Steven L. Chown %A Cassano, J.J. %A Liggett, D. %A Lloyd S. Peck %A Massom, R. %A Rintoul, S.R. %A Storey, J. %A Vaughan, D.G. %A Wilson, T.J. %A Allison, I. %A Ayton, J. %A Badhe, R. %A Baeseman, J. %A Barrett, P.J. %A Elanor R. Bell %A Bertler, N. %A Bo, S. %A Brandt, A. %A David Bromwich %A Craig S Cary %A Clark, M.S. %A Peter Convey %A Costa, E.S. %A Cowan, D. %A Deconto, R. %A Dunbar, R. %A Elfring, C. %A Escutia, C. %A Francis, J. %A Fricker, H.A. %A Fukuchi, M. %A Gilbert, N. %A Gutt, J. %A Havermans, C. %A Hik, D. %A Hosie, G. %A Jones, C. %A Kim, Y.D. %A Le Maho, Y. %A Lee, S.H. %A Leppe, M. %A Leitchenkov, G. %A Li, X. %A Lipenkov, V. %A Lochte, K. %A López-Martínez, J. %A üdecke, C. %A W. Berry Lyons %A Marenssi, S. %A Miller, H. %A Morozova, P. %A Naish, T. %A Nayak, S. %A Ravindra, R. %A Retamales, J. %A Ricci, C.A. %A Rogan-Finnemore, M. %A Ropert-Coudert, Y. %A Samah, A.A. %A Sanson, L. %A Scambos, T. %A I.R. Schloss %A Shiraishi, K. %A Siegert, M.J. %A Simões, J.C. %A Storey, B. %A Sparrow, M.D. %A Diana H. Wall %A Walsh, J.C. %A Wilson, G. %A Winther, J.G. %A J.C. Xavier %A Yang, H. %A Sutherland, W.J. %X

Antarctic and Southern Ocean science is vital to understanding natural variability, the processes that govern global change and the role of humans in the Earth and climate system. The potential for new knowledge to be gained from future Antarctic science is substantial. Therefore, the international Antarctic community came together to ‘scan the horizon’ to identify the highest priority scientific questions that researchers should aspire to answer in the next two decades and beyond. Wide consultation was a fundamental principle for the development of a collective, international view of the most important future directions in Antarctic science. From the many possibilities, the horizon scan identified 80 key scientific questions through structured debate, discussion, revision and voting. Questions were clustered into seven topics: i) Antarctic atmosphere and global connections, ii) Southern Ocean and sea ice in a warming world, iii) ice sheet and sea level, iv) the dynamic Earth, v) life on the precipice, vi) near-Earth space and beyond, and vii) human presence in Antarctica. Answering the questions identified by the horizon scan will require innovative experimental designs, novel applications of technology, invention of next-generation field and laboratory approaches, and expanded observing systems and networks. Unbiased, non-contaminating procedures will be required to retrieve the requisite air, biota, sediment, rock, ice and water samples. Sustained year-round access to Antarctica and the Southern Ocean will be essential to increase winter-time measurements. Improved models are needed that represent Antarctica and the Southern Ocean in the Earth System, and provide predictions at spatial and temporal resolutions useful for decision making. A co-ordinated portfolio of cross-disciplinary science, based on new models of international collaboration, will be essential as no scientist, programme or nation can realize these aspirations alone

%B Antarctic Science %V 27 %P 3 - 18 %8 Jan-02-2015 %G eng %U http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0954102014000674 %N 01 %! Antarctic Science %R 10.1017/S0954102014000674 %0 Journal Article %J Global Change Biology %D 2014 %T Soil animal responses to moisture availability are largely scale, not ecosystem dependent: insight from a cross-site study %A Sylvain, Zachary A. %A Diana H. Wall %A Cherwin, Karie L. %A Debra P. C. Peters %A Reichmann, Lara G. %A Osvaldo E. Sala %X

Climate change will result in reduced soil water availability in much of the world either due to changes in precipitation or increased temperature and evapotranspiration. How communities of mites and nematodes may respond to changes in moisture availability is not well known, yet these organisms play important roles in decomposition and nutrient cycling processes. We determined how communities of these organisms respond to changes in moisture availability and whether common patterns occur along fine-scale gradients of soil moisture within four individual ecosystem types (mesic, xeric and arid grasslands and a polar desert) located in the western United States and Antarctica, as well as across a cross-ecosystem moisture gradient (CEMG) of all four ecosystems considered together. An elevation transect of three sampling plots was monitored within each ecosystem and soil samples were collected from these plots and from existing experimental precipitation manipulations within each ecosystem once in fall of 2009 and three times each in 2010 and 2011. Mites and nematodes were sorted to trophic groups and analyzed to determine community responses to changes in soil moisture availability. We found that while both mites and nematodes increased with available soil moisture across the CEMG, within individual ecosystems, increases in soil moisture resulted in decreases to nematode communities at all but the arid grassland ecosystem; mites showed no responses at any ecosystem. In addition, we found changes in proportional abundances of mite and nematode trophic groups as soil moisture increased within individual ecosystems, which may result in shifts within soil food webs with important consequences for ecosystem functioning. We suggest that communities of soil animals at local scales may respond predictably to changes in moisture availability regardless of ecosystem type but that additional factors, such as climate variability, vegetation composition, and soil properties may influence this relationship over larger scales.

%B Global Change Biology %V 20 %P 2631 - 2643 %8 08/2014 %G eng %U http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/gcb.2014.20.issue-8http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/gcb.12522 %N 8 %! Glob Change Biol %& 2631 %R 10.1111/gcb.2014.20.issue-810.1111/gcb.12522 %0 Journal Article %J Ecological Monographs %D 2014 %T The spatial structure of Antarctic biodiversity %A Peter Convey %A Steven L. Chown %A Clarke, Andrew %A Barnes, David K. A. %A Bokhorst, Stef %A Vonda Cummings %A Hugh W. Ducklow %A Francesco Frati %A Green, T. G. Allan %A Shulamit Gordon %A Griffiths, Huw J. %A Clive Howard-Williams %A Huiskes, Ad H. L. %A Johanna Laybourn-Parry %A W. Berry Lyons %A McMinn, Andrew %A Morley, Simon A. %A Lloyd S. Peck %A Quesada, Antonio %A Robinson, Sharon A. %A Schiaparelli, Stefano %A Diana H. Wall %X

Patterns of environmental spatial structure lie at the heart of the most fundamental and familiar patterns of diversity on Earth. Antarctica contains some of the strongest environmental gradients on the planet and therefore provides an ideal study ground to test hypotheses on the relevance of environmental variability for biodiversity. To answer the pivotal question, “How does spatial variation in physical and biological environmental properties across the Antarctic drive biodiversity?” we have synthesized current knowledge on environmental variability across terrestrial, freshwater, and marine Antarctic biomes and related this to the observed biotic patterns. The most important physical driver of Antarctic terrestrial communities is the availability of liquid water, itself driven by solar irradiance intensity. Patterns of biota distribution are further strongly influenced by the historical development of any given location or region, and by geographical barriers. In freshwater ecosystems, free water is also crucial, with further important influences from salinity, nutrient availability, oxygenation, and characteristics of ice cover and extent. In the marine biome there does not appear to be one major driving force, with the exception of the oceanographic boundary of the Polar Front. At smaller spatial scales, ice cover, ice scour, and salinity gradients are clearly important determinants of diversity at habitat and community level. Stochastic and extreme events remain an important driving force in all environments, particularly in the context of local extinction and colonization or recolonization, as well as that of temporal environmental variability. Our synthesis demonstrates that the Antarctic continent and surrounding oceans provide an ideal study ground to develop new biogeographical models, including life history and physiological traits, and to address questions regarding biological responses to environmental variability and change.

 

%B Ecological Monographs %V 84 %P 203 - 244 %8 05/2014 %G eng %U http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/12-2216.1 %N 2 %! Ecological Monographs %R 10.1890/12-2216.1 %0 Journal Article %J PLoS ONE %D 2012 %T At Limits of Life: Multidisciplinary Insights Reveal Environmental Constraints on Biotic Diversity in Continental Antarctica %A Magalhaes, Catarina %A Stevens, Mark I. %A Craig S Cary %A Ball, Becky %A Storey, Bryan C. %A Diana H. Wall %A Türk, Roman %A Ruprecht, Ulrike %E de Bello, Francesco %X

Multitrophic communities that maintain the functionality of the extreme Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems, while the simplest of any natural community, are still challenging our knowledge about the limits to life on earth. In this study, we describe and interpret the linkage between the diversity of different trophic level communities to the geological morphology and soil geochemistry in the remote Transantarctic Mountains (Darwin Mountains, 80°S). We examined the distribution and diversity of biota (bacteria, cyanobacteria, lichens, algae, invertebrates) with respect to elevation, age of glacial drift sheets, and soil physicochemistry. Results showed an abiotic spatial gradient with respect to the diversity of the organisms across different trophic levels. More complex communities, in terms of trophic level diversity, were related to the weakly developed younger drifts (Hatherton and Britannia) with higher soil C/N ratio and lower total soluble salts content (thus lower conductivity). Our results indicate that an increase of ion concentration from younger to older drift regions drives a succession of complex to more simple communities, in terms of number of trophic levels and diversity within each group of organisms analysed. This study revealed that integrating diversity across multi-trophic levels of biotic communities with abiotic spatial heterogeneity and geological history is fundamental to understand environmental constraints influencing biological distribution in Antarctic soil ecosystems.

 
%B PLoS ONE %V 7 %P e44578 %8 Jul-09-2013 %G eng %U http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0044578 %N 9 %! PLoS ONE %R 10.1371/journal.pone.0044578 %0 Journal Article %J Science %D 2012 %T Challenges to the Future Conservation of the Antarctic %A Steven L. Chown %A Lee, J. E. %A Hughes, K. A. %A Barnes, J. %A Barrett, P.J. %A D.M. Bergstrom %A Convey, P. %A Cowan, Don A. %A Crosbie, K. %A Dyer, G. %A Frenot, Y. %A Grant, S. M. %A Herr, D. %A Kennicutt, M. C. %A Lamers, M. %A Murray, A. %A Possingham, H. P. %A Reid, K. %A Riddle, M. J. %A Ryan, P. G. %A Sanson, L. %A Shaw, J. D. %A Sparrow, M.D. %A Summerhayes, C. %A Terauds, A. %A Diana H. Wall %X

The Antarctic Treaty System, acknowledged as a successful model of cooperative regulation of one of the globe's largest commons (1), is under substantial pressure. Concerns have been raised about increased stress on Antarctic systems from global environmental change and growing interest in the region's resources (23). Although policy-makers may recognize these challenges, failure to respond in a timely way can have substantial negative consequences. We provide a horizon scan, a systematic means for identifying emerging trends and assisting decision-makers in identifying policies that address future challenges (23). Previous analyses of conservation threats in the Antarctic have been restricted to matters for which available evidence is compelling (4). We reconsider these concerns because they might escalate quickly, judging from recent rapid environmental change in parts of Antarctica and increasing human interest in the region (see the map). We then focus on a more distant time horizon.

%B Science %V 337 %P 158 - 159 %8 Jan-07-2013 %G eng %U http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1222821 %N 6091 %! Science %R 10.1126/science.1222821 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Glaciology %D 2012 %T Chemical analysis of ice vein microenvironments: II. Analysis of glacial samples from Greenland and Antarctica %A Barletta, Robert E. %A John C. Priscu %A Mader, Heidy M. %A Jones, Warren L. %A Roe, Christopher H. %B Journal of Glaciology %V 58 %P 1109 - 1118 %8 12/2012 %G eng %U http://www.montana.edu/priscu/DOCS/Publications/BarlettaEtAl2012IceVein.pdf %N 212 %R 10.3189/2012JoG12J112 %0 Journal Article %J Applied and Environmental Microbiology %D 2012 %T Diversity and Expression of RubisCO Genes in a Perennially Ice-Covered Antarctic Lake during the Polar Night Transition %A Weidong Kong %A David C. Ream %A John C. Priscu %A Rachael M. Morgan-Kiss %B Applied and Environmental Microbiology %V 78 %P 4358-4366 %8 04/2012 %G eng %U http://aem.asm.org/content/78/12/4358.short %N 12 %0 Book %B Advances in Visual Computing. ISVC 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. %D 2012 %T Poisson Reconstruction of Extreme Submersed Environments: The ENDURANCE Exploration of an Under-Ice Antarctic Lake %A Alessandro Febretti %A Kristof Richmond %A Gulati, Shilpa %A Flesher, Christopher %A Hogan, Bartholomew P. %A Andrew Johnson %A Stone, William C. %A John C. Priscu %A Peter T. Doran %E Bebis, George %E Boyle, Richard %E Parvin, Bahram %E Koracin, Darko %E Fowlkes, Charless %E Wang, Sen %E Choi, Min-Hyung %E Mantler, Stephan %E Schulze, Jürgen %E Acevedo, Daniel %E Mueller, Klaus %E Papka, Michael %X

We evaluate the use of Poisson reconstruction to generate a 3D bathymetric model of West Lake Bonney, Antarctica. The source sonar dataset has been collected by the ENDURANCE autonomous ve- hicle in the course of two Antarctic summer missions. The reconstruction workflow involved processing 200 million datapoints to generate a high resolution model of the lake bottom, Narrows region and underwater glacier face. A novel and flexible toolset has been developed to automate the processing of the Bonney data.

%B Advances in Visual Computing. ISVC 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. %I Springer Berlin Heidelberg %C Berlin, Heidelberg %V 7431 %P 394 - 403 %@ 978-3-642-33179-4 %G eng %U http://www.springerlink.com/content/hg97w43588229087/ %R 10.1007/978-3-642-33179-4_38 %0 Journal Article %J Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment %D 2010 %T Design and deployment of a four-degrees-of-freedom hovering autonomous underwater vehicle for sub-ice exploration and mapping %A Stone, W %A Bartholomew P Hogan %A Flesher, C %A Gulati, S %A Kristof Richmond %A Murarka, A %A Kuhlman, G %A Idharan, M %A Siegel, V %A Price, R M %A Peter T. Doran %A John C. Priscu %B Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment %V 224 %P 341 - 361 %8 11/2010 %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1243/14750902JEME214 %0 Conference Paper %B 2010 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA 2010)2010 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation %D 2010 %T Toward autonomous scientific exploration of ice-covered lakes—Field experiments with the ENDURANCE AUV in an Antarctic Dry Valley %A Gulati, S %A Kristof Richmond %A Flesher, C %A Bartholomew P Hogan %A Murarka, A %A Gregory Kuhlmann %A Mohan Sridharan %A Stone, W %A Peter T. Doran %B 2010 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA 2010)2010 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation %I IEEE %C Anchorage, AK %P 308 - 315 %8 05/2010 %@ 978-1-4244-5038-1 %G eng %R 10.1109/ROBOT.2010.5509224 %0 Journal Article %J BMC Ecology %D 2009 %T Environmental DNA sequencing primers for eutardigrades and bdelloid rotifers %A Robeson, Michael S %A Costello, Elizabeth K %A Freeman, Kristen R %A Whiting, Jeremy %A Byron Adams %A Martin, Andrew P %A Schmidt, Steve K %B BMC Ecology %V 9 %P 25 %8 11/2009 %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1186/1472-6785-9-25 %0 Journal Article %J Limnology and Oceanography %D 2009 %T Lakes and reservoirs as regulators of carbon cycling and climate %A Lars J. Tranvik %A John A. Downing %A James B. Cotner %A Steven A. Loiselle %A Robert G. Striegl %A Thomas J. Ballatore %A Peter Dillon %A Kerri Finlay %A Kenneth Fortino %A Lesley B. Knoll %A Pirkko L. Kortelainen %A Tiit Kutser %A Soren Larsen %A Isabelle Laurion %A Dina M. Leech %A S. Leigh McCallister %A Diane M. McKnight %A John M. Melack %A Erin Overholt %A Jason A. Porter %A Yves Prairie %A William H. Renwick %A Fabio Roland %A Bradford S. Sherman %A David W. Schindler %A Sebastian Sobek %A Alain Tremblay %A Michael J. Vanni %A Antonie M. Verschoor %A Eddie von Wachenfeldt %A Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer %B Limnology and Oceanography %V 54 part 2 %P 2298–2314 %8 11/2009 %G eng %U http://aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_54/issue_6_part_2/2298.pdf %N 6 %R 10.4319/lo.2009.54.6_part_2.2298 %0 Journal Article %J Global Change Biology %D 2008 %T Global decomposition experiment shows soil animal impacts on decomposition are climate dependent %A Diana H. Wall %A Mark A. Bradford %A Mark G. StJohn %A John A. Trofymow %A Valerie Behan-Pelletier %A David E. Bignell %A J. Mark Dangerfield %A William J. Parton %A Josef Rusek %A Winfried Voigt %A Volkmar Wolters %A Holley Zadeh Gardel %A Fred O. Ayuke %A Richard Bashford %A Olga I. Beljakova %A Patrick J. Bohlen %A Alain Brauman %A Stephen Flemming %A Joh R. Henschel %A Dan L. Johnson %A T. Hefin Jones %A Marcela Kovarova %A J. Marty Kranabetter %A Les Kutny %A Kuo-Chuan Lin %A Mohamed Maryati %A Dominique Masse %A Andrei Pokarzhevskii %A Homathevi Rahman %A Millor G. Sabara %A Joerg-Alfred Salamon %A Michael J. Swift %A Amanda Varela %A Heraldo L. Vasconcelos %A Don White %A Xiaming Zou %B Global Change Biology %V 14 %P 2661-2677 %8 11/2008 %G eng %U http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01672.x/full %N 11 %R 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01672.x %0 Conference Proceedings %B Antarctica; A keystone in a changing world--online proceedings for the tenth international symposium %D 2007 %T Trends in discharge and flow season timing of the Onyx River, Wright Valley, Antarctica since 1969 %A Michael N. Gooseff %A Diane M. McKnight %A Peter T. Doran %A W. Berry Lyons %E Alan Cooper %E Carol Raymond %E ISAES Editorial Team %B Antarctica; A keystone in a changing world--online proceedings for the tenth international symposium %I U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1047 %G eng %R LTER %0 Book Section %B Encyclopedia of the Antarctic Vol 1 %D 2006 %T Biogeochemistry, terrestrial %A John E. Barrett %A Ross A. Virginia %E B. Riffenburgh %B Encyclopedia of the Antarctic Vol 1 %I Routledge Press %C New York %V 1 %P 154-155 %G eng %R LTER %0 Journal Article %J Soil Biology and Biochemistry %D 2006 %T Diversity and distribution of Victoria Land biota %A Byron Adams %A Connell, L %A Peter Convey %A Fell, J %A Francesco Frati %A Hogg, I %A Newsham, K %A O'Donnell, A %A Russell, N %A Seppelt, R %A Stevens, M %A Richard D. Bardgett %A Edward Ayres %A Diana H. Wall %A Aislabie, J %A Bamforth, S %A Bargagli, R %A Craig S Cary %A Cavacini, P %B Soil Biology and Biochemistry %V 38 %P 3003-3018 %G eng %U https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0038071706002215 %R 10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.030 %0 Journal Article %J Ecological Modelling %D 2006 %T Simulating energy flow through a pelagic food web in Lake Fryxell, Antarctica %A McKenna, K %A Daryl L. Moorhead %A Emily C. Roberts %A Johanna Laybourn-Parry %B Ecological Modelling %V 192 %P 457-472 %G eng %R LTER %0 Book Section %B Life in Ancient Ice %D 2005 %T Perennial Antarctic lake ice: A refuge for cyanobacteria in an extreme environment %A John C. Priscu %A Edward E. Adams %A Hans W. Paerl %A Christian H. Fritsen %A John E. Dore %A John T. Lisle %A Craig F. Wolf %A Jill A. Mikucki %E S. O. Rogers %E J. Castello %B Life in Ancient Ice %I Princeton University Press %P 22-49 %G eng %U http://www.montana.edu/lkbonney/DOCS/Publications/PriscuEtAl2005CyanobacteriaRefuge.pdf %M LTER63396 %0 Journal Article %J Advances in Water Resources %D 2005 %T Sensitivity analysis of conservative and reactive stream transient storage models applied to field data from multiple-reach experiments %A Michael N. Gooseff %A Kenneth E. Bencala %A Durelle T. Scott %A Robert L. Runkel %A Diane M. McKnight %B Advances in Water Resources %V 28 %P 479-492 %8 05/2005 %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1016/j.advwatres.2004.11.012 %0 Journal Article %J Limnology and Oceanography %D 2004 %T Denitrification and hydrologic transient storage in a glacial meltwater stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica %A Michael N. Gooseff %A Diane M. McKnight %A Robert L. Runkel %A John H. Duff %B Limnology and Oceanography %V 49 %P 1884-1895 %8 09/2004 %G eng %N 5 %M LTER63368 %R 10.4319/lo.2004.49.5.1884 %0 Journal Article %J Ecology Letters %D 2004 %T Detritus, trophic dynamics and biodiversity. %A Moore, J %A Morin, P %A Nadelhoffer, K %A Rosemound, A %A Post , D %A Sabo, J %A Scow, K %A Michael J. Vanni %A Diana H. Wall %A Berlow, E %A David C. Coleman %A Peter C. De Ruiter %A Dong, Q %A Hasting, A %A Johnson, N %A McCann, K %A Melville, K %B Ecology Letters %V 7 %P 584-600 %G eng %R LTER %0 Journal Article %J Polar Biology %D 2004 %T The distribution of microplankton in the McMurdo dry valley lakes, Antarctica: Response to ecosystem legacy or present-day climate controls? %A Emily C. Roberts %A John C. Priscu %A Craig F. Wolf %A W. Berry Lyons %A Johanna Laybourn-Parry %B Polar Biology %V 27 %P 238-249 %G eng %R LTER %0 Journal Article %J Limnology and Oceanography %D 2004 %T Elevated levels of dimethylated-sulfur compounds in Lake Bonney, a poorly ventilated Antarctic lake %A Lee, P %A John C. Priscu %A G R DiTullio %A Riseman, S %A Tursich, N %A DeMora, S %B Limnology and Oceanography %V 49 %P 1044-1055 %G eng %M LTER63372 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of the North American Benthological Society %D 2004 %T Inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics of Antarctic glacial meltwater streams as controlled by hyporheic exchange and benthic autotrophic communities %A Diane M. McKnight %A Robert L. Runkel %A John H. Duff %A Cathy M. Tate %A Daryl L. Moorhead %B Journal of the North American Benthological Society %V 23 %P 171-188 %G eng %M LTER63374 %0 Journal Article %J Freshwater Biology %D 2004 %T Microplankton dynamics in a perennially ice-covered Antarctic lake-Lake Hoare %A Emily C. Roberts %A John C. Priscu %A Johanna Laybourn-Parry %B Freshwater Biology %V 27 %P 238-249 %G eng %M LTER63382 %0 Journal Article %J Special issue of Aquatic Geochemistry on the McMurdo Dry Valleys %D 2004 %T Reach-scale cation exchange controls on major ion chemistry of an Antarctic glacial meltwater stream %A Michael N. Gooseff %A Diane M. McKnight %A Robert L. Runkel %B Special issue of Aquatic Geochemistry on the McMurdo Dry Valleys %V 10 %P 221-238 %G eng %N 3 %M LTER63369 %0 Journal Article %J Geomicrobiology Journal %D 2004 %T Thermodynamic constraints on microbially mediated processes in lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica %A Lee, P %A Jill A. Mikucki %A Christine M. Foreman %A John C. Priscu %A G R DiTullio %A Riseman, S %A DeMora, S %A Craig F. Wolf %A Kester, L %B Geomicrobiology Journal %V 21 %P 1-17 %G eng %R LTER %0 Journal Article %J Hydrological Processes %D 2003 %T Determining long time-scale hyporheic zone flow paths in Antarctic streams %A Michael N. Gooseff %A Diane M. McKnight %A Robert L. Runkel %A Bruce H. Vaughn %B Hydrological Processes %V 17 %P 1691-1710 %G eng %M LTER49871 %0 Book Section %B Methods in Ecosystem Science %D 2000 %T Experimental Approaches to Investigate Belowground Animal Diversity %A Diana W. Freckman %A Reichman, O %E Osvaldo E. Sala %E Jackson, R %E Mooney, H %E R. Howarth %B Methods in Ecosystem Science %I Springer Verlag %C New York %P 318-329 %G eng %M LTER49544 %0 Journal Article %J Bioscience %D 2000 %T Global change effects on above and below ground biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems: interactions and implications for ecosystem functioning %A Wolters, V %A Wardle, D %A Brussaard, L %A J. Mark Dangerfield %A Brown, V %A Giller, K %A Hooper, D %A Osvaldo E. Sala %A Tiedje, J %A van Veen, J %A Silver, W %A Bignell, D %A David C. Coleman %A Lavelle, P %A van der Putten, W %A DeRuiter, P %A Josef Rusek %A Diana H. Wall %B Bioscience %V 50 %P 1089-1099 %G eng %R LTER %0 Journal Article %J BioScience %D 2000 %T Interactions between above and belowground biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems: patterns, mechanisms and feedbacks %A Hooper, D %A Lavelle, P %A van der Putten, W %A DeRuiter, P %A Josef Rusek %A Silver, W %A Tiedje, J %A Wolters, V %A Bignell, D %A Brown, V %A Brussaard, L %A J. Mark Dangerfield %A Diana H. Wall %A Wardle, D %A David C. Coleman %A Giller, K %B BioScience %V 50 %P 1049-1061 %G eng %M LTER49547 %0 Book Section %B Antarctica %D 2000 %T The Lions of the Dry Valleys %A Diana H. Wall %A Andrew N. Parsons %Y J. Rubin %B Antarctica %I Lonely Planet Publications %P 313 %G eng %R LTER %0 Book Section %B Antarctic Ecosystems: Models for Wider Ecological Understanding %D 2000 %T Mixotrophy as a survival strategy among planktonic protozoa in Antarctic lakes %A Johanna Laybourn-Parry %A Emily C. Roberts %A Elanor R. Bell %E Clive Howard-Williams %E W. Davidson %E P. Broady %B Antarctic Ecosystems: Models for Wider Ecological Understanding %I Caxton Press %G eng %M LTER49816 %0 Book Section %B Nature and Human Society: The Quest for a Sustainable World %D 2000 %T Nematodes - Pervading The Earth and Linking All Life %A Baldwin, J.G. %A Nadler, S %A Diana H. Wall %E Tania Williams %E Peter H. Raven %B Nature and Human Society: The Quest for a Sustainable World %I Committee for the Second Forum on Biodiversity, National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council %P 176-191 %G eng %M LTER49542 %0 Journal Article %J Polar Biology %D 2000 %T Protozoan growth rates in Antarctic lakes %A Johanna Laybourn-Parry %A Elanor R. Bell %A Emily C. Roberts %B Polar Biology %V 23 %P 445-451 %G eng %M LTER49546 %0 Journal Article %J Freshwater Biology %D 2000 %T Stratification and dynamics of microbial loop communities in Lake Fryxell, Antarctica %A Emily C. Roberts %A Johanna Laybourn-Parry %A Diane M. McKnight %A Novarino, G %K Biggie %K protozoa %B Freshwater Biology %V 44 %P 649-661 %8 12/2001 %G eng %U http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00612.x/abstract %N 4 %9 Journal %M LTER49817 %R 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00612.x %0 Journal Article %D 1999 %T Carbon transformations in a perennially ice-covered Antarctic lake %A John C. Priscu %A Craig F. Wolf %A Cristina D. Takacs-Vesbach %A Christian H. Fritsen %A Johanna Laybourn-Parry %A Emily C. Roberts %A Birgit Sattl %G eng %M LTER12943 %0 Journal Article %J Water Research %D 1999 %T Effects of research diving on a stratified antarctic lake %A Kepner, R.L. %A A. Kortyna %A Robert A. Wharton Jr. %A Peter T. Doran %A Dale T. Andersen %A Emily C. Roberts %B Water Research %G eng %M LTER12867 %0 Journal Article %J Freshwater Biology %D 1999 %T Mixotrophic cryptophytes and their predators in the Dry Valley lakes of Antarctica %A Emily C. Roberts %A Johanna Laybourn-Parry %B Freshwater Biology %V 41 %P 737-745 %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1046/j.1365-2427.1999.00401.x %0 Book Section %B Standard Soil Methods for Long Term Ecological Research %D 1999 %T Soil invertebrates %A David C. Coleman %A J.M. Blair %A Elliot, E %A Diana H. Wall %Y G.P. Robertson %Y C.S. Bledsoe %Y David C. Coleman %Y P. Sollins %B Standard Soil Methods for Long Term Ecological Research %I Oxford University Press %C New York %P 349-377 %G eng %R LTER %0 Book Section %B Nature and Human Society: The Quest for a Sustainable World %D 1999 %T The world beneath our feet: Soil biodiversity and ecosystem functioning %A Diana H. Wall %A Ross A. Virginia %Y Tania Williams %Y Peter H. Raven %B Nature and Human Society: The Quest for a Sustainable World %I National Academy of Sciences Press %G eng %M LTER12976 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of the North American Benthological Society %D 1998 %T Analysis of transient storage subject to unsteady flow: diel flow variation in an Antarctic stream %A Robert L. Runkel %A Diane M. McKnight %A Edmund D. Andrews %B Journal of the North American Benthological Society %V 17 %P 143-154 %8 06/1998 %G eng %U http://www.jstor.org/stable/1467958 %N 2 %M LTER12946 %0 Book Section %B Ecosystem Processes in a Polar Desert: The McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica %D 1998 %T Permanent Ice Covers of the McMurdo Dry Valley Lakes, Antarctica: Bubble Formation and Metamorphism %A Edward E. Adams %A John C. Priscu %A Christian H. Fritsen %A Scott R.Smith %A Steven L. Brackman %B Ecosystem Processes in a Polar Desert: The McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica %S Antarctic Research Series %V 72 %P 281-295 %G eng %M LTER12781 %0 Journal Article %J Limnol. Oceanogr. %D 1998 %T Transparency of Antarctic ice-covered lakes to solar UV radiation %A Warwick F. Vincent %A Rowena Rae %A Isabelle Laurion %A Clive Howard-Williams %A John C. Priscu %B Limnol. Oceanogr. %V 43 %P 618-624 %G eng %N 4 %M LTER12970 %0 Book Section %B Plasma Source Mass Spectrometry: Developments and Applications %D 1997 %T Determination of rare earth elements in Antarctic lakes and streams of varying ionic strengths %A Graham, E %A Ramsey, L. A. %A W. Berry Lyons %A Kathleen A. Welch %B Plasma Source Mass Spectrometry: Developments and Applications %I Royal Society of Chemistry %C London %P 253-262 %G eng %M LTER12845 %0 Book Section %B Food Webs: Integration of patterns and dynamics %D 1996 %T Food-web dynamics and applied problems %A L.B. Crowder %A D.P. Reagan %A Diana W. Freckman %Y Polis Winemiller %B Food Webs: Integration of patterns and dynamics %P 327-336 %G eng %M LTER12805 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Paleolimnology %D 1995 %T Paleolakes on Mars %A Robert A. Wharton Jr. %A J. Crosby %A Christopher P. McKay %A J. Rice %B Journal of Paleolimnology %V 13 %P 267-283 %G eng %M LTER12989