@article {4833, title = {Ecological stoichiometry drives the evolution of soil nematode life history traits}, journal = {Soil Biology and Biochemistry}, volume = {177}, year = {2023}, month = {02/2023}, pages = {108891}, abstract = {

Ecological stoichiometry is a useful theoretical framework for understanding the sources and controls on nutrient availability that structure the composition and diversity of biotic communities. One such relationship is that organismal development rate is positively linked to cellular Phosphorus (P). We hypothesized that P availability, relative to other nutrients, e.g., nitrogen and carbon, would drive the evolution of traits associated with organismal growth and development. We examined the effects of P availability both in situ and in vitro, on free-living soil nematodes. We found that P-deficient environments produce predictable changes in the ecology and evolution of important life history traits. Our results identify altered rRNA gene copy number and subsequent changes in gene expression and protein synthesis as mechanisms by which P-deficiency influences these traits. These findings have important implications for explaining soil ecological and evolutionary patterns across multiple levels of organization, including the structure and functioning of organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystems.

}, keywords = {LTER-MCM, elemental stoichiometry, growth rate hypothesis, life history theory, molecular evolution, nematoda, rRNA}, doi = {10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108891}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038071722003480}, author = {Xue, Xia and Bishwo N. Adhikari and Ball, Becky and John E. Barrett and Miao, Jinxin and Perkes, Ammon and Martin, Mac and Breana L. Simmons and Diana H. Wall and Byron Adams} } @inbook {1144, title = {Molecular analysis of desiccation survival in Antarctic nematodes}, booktitle = {Molecular and Physiological Basis of Nematode Survival}, year = {2011}, pages = {205-232}, publisher = {CABI International}, organization = {CABI International}, address = {Wallingford}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, isbn = {9781845936877}, author = {Bishwo N. Adhikari and Byron Adams} } @book {1145, title = {Molecular and physiological basis of nematode survival: Molecular analyses of desiccation survival in Antarctic nematodes.}, year = {2011}, pages = {205 - 232}, publisher = {CABI}, organization = {CABI}, address = {Wallingford}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, doi = {10.1079/9781845936877.0205}, author = {Bishwo N. Adhikari and Byron Adams}, editor = {Perry, R. N. and Wharton, D. A.} } @article {1155, title = {The Antarctic Nematode Plectus murrayi: An Emerging Model to Study Multiple Stress Survival}, journal = {Cold Spring Harbor Protocols}, volume = {2010}, year = {2010}, month = {11/2010}, pages = {pdb.emo142 - pdb.emo142}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, doi = {10.1101/pdb.emo142}, author = {Bishwo N. Adhikari and Cecilia M. Tomasel and Li, G and Diana H. Wall and Byron Adams} } @article {1156, title = {Culturing the Antarctic Nematode Plectus murrayi}, journal = {Cold Spring Harbor Protocols}, volume = {2010}, year = {2010}, month = {11/2010}, pages = {pdb.prot5522 - pdb.prot5522}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, doi = {10.1101/pdb.prot5522}, url = {http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2010/11/pdb.emo142.short}, author = {Bishwo N. Adhikari and Cecilia M. Tomasel and Li, G and Diana H. Wall and Byron Adams} } @article {1163, title = {Effect of slow desiccation and freezing on gene transcription and stress survival of an Antarctic nematode}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology}, volume = {213}, year = {2010}, month = {06/2010}, pages = {1803 - 1812}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, doi = {10.1242/jeb.032268}, author = {Bishwo N. Adhikari and Diana H. Wall and Byron Adams} } @phdthesis {4442, title = {Genomic analysis of nematode-environment interaction}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2010}, month = {08/2010}, school = {Brigham Young University}, type = {doctoral}, address = {Provo, UT}, abstract = {

The natural environments of organisms present a multitude of biotic and abiotic challenges that require both short-term ecological and long-term evolutionary responses. Though most environmental response studies have focused on effects at the ecosystem, community and organismal levels, the ultimate controls of these responses are located in the genome of the organism. Soil nematodes are highly responsive to, and display a wide variety of responses to changing environmental conditions, making them ideal models for the study of organismal interactions with their environment. In an attempt to examine responses to environmental stress (desiccation and freezing), genomic level analyses of gene expression during anhydrobiosis of the Antarctic nematode Plectus murrayi was undertaken. An EST library representative of the desiccation induced transcripts was established and the transcripts differentially expressed during desiccation stress were identified. The expressed genome of P. murrayi showed that desiccation survival in nematodes involves differential expression of a suite of genes from diverse functional areas, and constitutive expression of a number of stress related genes. My study also revealed that exposure to slow desiccation and freezing plays an important role in the transcription of stress related genes, improves desiccation and freezing survival of nematodes. Deterioration of traits essential for biological control has been recognized in diverse biological control agents including insect pathogenic nematodes. I studied the genetic mechanisms behind such deterioration using expression profiling. My results showed that trait deterioration of insect pathogenic nematode induces substantial overall changes in the nematode transcriptome and exhibits a general pattern of metabolic shift causing massive changes in metabolic and other processes. Finally, through field observations and molecular laboratory experiments the validity of the growth rate hypothesis in natural populations of Antarctic nematodes was tested. My results indicated that elemental stoichiometry influences evolutionary adaptations in gene expression and genome evolution. My study, in addition to providing immediate insight into the mechanisms by which multicellular animals respond to their environment, is transformative in its potential to inform other fundamental ecological and evolutionary questions, such as the evolution of life-history patterns and the relationship between community structure and ecological function in ecosystems.

}, keywords = {LTER-MCM, anhydrobiosis, Antarctic nematode, comparative transcriptomics, complementary DNA library, desiccation, functional analysis, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, McMurdo Dry Valleys, microarray analysis, Plectus murrayi, quantative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Scottnema lindsayae, stoichiometry, stress survival, subtractive hybridization, trait deterioration, transcriptional profiling}, url = {https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2578}, author = {Bishwo N. Adhikari and Byron Adams} } @article {1182, title = {Desiccation survival in an Antarctic nematode: molecular analysis using expressed sequenced tags.}, journal = {BMC GENOMICS}, volume = {10}, year = {2009}, month = {09/2009}, pages = {69}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, doi = {10.1186/1471-2164-10-69}, url = {http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/10/69}, author = {Bishwo N. Adhikari and Diana H. Wall and Byron Adams} }