@article {3202,
	title = {The McMurdo Dry Valleys: A landscape on the threshold of change},
	journal = {Geomorphology},
	volume = {225},
	year = {2014},
	month = {11/2014},
	pages = {25 - 35},
	abstract = {<p><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, {\textquoteright}Lucida Sans Unicode{\textquoteright}, {\textquoteright}Microsoft Sans Serif{\textquoteright}, {\textquoteright}Segoe UI Symbol{\textquoteright}, STIXGeneral, {\textquoteright}Cambria Math{\textquoteright}, {\textquoteright}Arial Unicode MS{\textquoteright}, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23.6800003051758px; word-spacing: -1.24453127384186px;">Field observations of coastal and lowland regions in the McMurdo Dry Valleys suggest they are on the threshold of rapid topographic change, in contrast to the high elevation upland landscape that represents some of the lowest rates of surface change on Earth. A number of landscapes have undergone dramatic and unprecedented landscape changes over the past decade including, the Wright Lower Glacier (Wright Valley) \&mdash; ablated several tens of meters, the Garwood River (Garwood Valley) has incised \&gt;\&nbsp;3\&nbsp;m into massive ice permafrost, smaller streams in Taylor Valley (Crescent, Lawson, and Lost Seal Streams) have experienced extensive down-cutting and/or bank undercutting, and Canada Glacier (Taylor Valley) has formed sheer, \&gt;\&nbsp;4\&nbsp;meter deep canyons. The commonality between all these landscape changes appears to be sediment on ice acting as a catalyst for melting, including ice-cement permafrost thaw. We attribute these changes to increasing solar radiation over the past decade despite no significant trend in summer air temperature. To infer possible future landscape changes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, due to anticipated climate warming, we map \&lsquo;at risk\&rsquo; landscapes defined as those with buried massive ice in relative warm regions of the valleys. Results show that large regions of the valley bottoms are \&lsquo;at risk\&rsquo;. Changes in surface topography will trigger important responses in hydrology, geochemistry, and biological community structure and function.</span></p>},
	keywords = {LTER-MCM},
	issn = {0169555X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.03.044},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169555X14001780http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0169555X14001780?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0169555X14001780?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Andrew G Fountain and Joseph S. Levy and Michael N. Gooseff and David J. Van Horn}
}
@article {1365,
	title = {Map-based methods for estimating glacier equilibrium-line altitudes},
	journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {329-336},
	keywords = {LTER-MCM},
	doi = {LTER},
	author = {Leonard, K and Andrew G Fountain}
}
@article {1512,
	title = {McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER: Solar radiation on glaciers in Taylor Valley, Antarctica},
	journal = {Antarctic Journal of the United States - 1996 Review Issue (NSF 98-28)},
	volume = {31},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {191-193},
	keywords = {LTER-MCM},
	author = {Gayle L. Dana and Robert A. Wharton Jr. and Andrew G Fountain}
}
@article {1513,
	title = {McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER: Spatial variation of glacier mass balance in Taylor Valley, Antarctica},
	journal = {Antarctic Journal of the United States - 1996 Review Issue (NSF 98-28)},
	volume = {31},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {194-195},
	keywords = {LTER-MCM},
	author = {Andrew G Fountain and Karen J. Lewis and Gayle L. Dana}
}
@article {1514,
	title = {McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER: The role of terminus cliff melt in streamflow, Taylor Valley, Antarctica},
	journal = {Antarctic Journal of the United States - 1996 Review Issue (NSF 98-28)},
	volume = {31},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {189-190},
	keywords = {LTER-MCM},
	author = {Karen J. Lewis and Andrew G Fountain and Paul Langevin}
}
@article {1595,
	title = {McMurdo LTER: The surface-energy balance of the Canada Glacier, Taylor Valley},
	journal = {Antarctic Journal of the United States},
	volume = {30},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {280-282},
	keywords = {LTER-MCM},
	author = {Karen J. Lewis and Gayle L. Dana and Scott W. Tyler and Andrew G Fountain}
}
@article {1616,
	title = {McMurdo LTER: Glacier mass balances of Taylor Valley, Antarctica},
	journal = {Antarctic Journal of the U.S.},
	volume = {29},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {226-228},
	keywords = {LTER-MCM},
	author = {Andrew G Fountain and Bruce H. Vaughn and Gayle L. Dana}
}
