@article {1077,
	title = {Characterization of fulvic acid fractions of dissolved organic matter during ice-out in a hyper-eutrophic, coastal pond in Antarctica},
	journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2013},
	month = {12/2013},
	pages = {045015},
	abstract = {Dissolved humic material (HDOM) is ubiquitous to all natural waters and its source material influences its chemical structure, reactivity, and bioavailability. While terrestrially derived HDOM reference materials distributed by the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) have been readily available to engineering and scientific communities, a microbially derived reference HDOM was not, despite the well-characterized differences in the chemistry and reactivity of HDOM derived from terrestrial versus microbial sources. To address this gap, we collected a microbial reference fulvic acid from Pony Lake (PLFA) for distribution through the IHSS. Pony Lake is a saline coastal pond on Ross Island, Antarctica, where the landscape is devoid of terrestrial plants. Sample collection occurred over a 17-day period in the summer season at Pony Lake. During this time, the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations increased nearly two-fold, and the fulvic acid fraction (collected using the XAD-8 method) accounted for 14.6\% of the DOC. During the re-concentration and desalting procedures we isolated two other chemically distinct fulvic acid fractions: (1) PLFA-2, which was high in carbohydrates and (2) PLFA-CER, which was high in nitrogen. The chemical characteristics (elemental analysis, optical characterization with UV{\textendash}vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, and 13C NMR spectroscopy) of the three fulvic acid fractions helped to explain their behavior during isolation.},
	keywords = {LTER-MCM},
	doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/8/4/045015},
	author = {Kaelin M. Cawley and Diane M. McKnight and Penney L. Miller and Rose M. Cory and Fimmen, Ryan L and Guerard, Jennifer and Markus Dieser and Chris Jaros and Yu-Ping Chin and Christine M. Foreman}
}
@article {1088,
	title = {Microbial growth under humic-free conditions in a supraglacial stream system on the Cotton Glacier, Antarctica},
	journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2013},
	month = {09/2013},
	pages = {035022},
	abstract = {During the austral summers of 2004 and 2009, we sampled a supraglacial stream on the Cotton Glacier, Antarctica. The stream dissolved organic matter (DOM) was low (44{\textendash}48 μM C) and lacked detectable humic fluorescence signatures. Analysis of the excitation emissions matrices (EEMs) indicated that amino-acid fluorophores dominated, consistent with DOM of microbial origin, with little humic-like fluorescence. In most aquatic ecosystems, humic DOM attenuates harmful UV radiation and its absence may represent an additional stressor influencing the microbial community. Nonetheless, the stream contained an active microbial assemblage with bacterial cell abundances from 2.94 {\texttimes} 104 to 4.97 {\texttimes} 105 cells ml-1, and bacterial production ranging from 58.8 to 293.2 ng C l-1 d-1. Chlorophyll-a concentrations ranged from 0.3 to 0.53 μg l-1 indicating that algal phototrophs were the probable source of the DOM. Microbial isolates produced a rainbow of pigment colors, suggesting adaptation to stress, and were similar to those from other cryogenic systems (Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes lineages). Supraglacial streams provide an example of contemporary microbial processes on the glacier surface and a natural laboratory for studying microbial adaptation to the absence of humics.},
	keywords = {LTER-MCM},
	doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035022},
	url = {http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/8/3/035022},
	author = {Christine M. Foreman and Rose M. Cory and Morris, Cindy E and Michael D. SanClements and Smith, Heidi J and John T. Lisle and Penney L. Miller and Yu-Ping Chin and Diane M. McKnight}
}
@article {1130,
	title = {15N and 13C{14N} NMR investigation of the major nitrogen-containing segment in an aquatic fulvic acid: Evidence for a hydantoin derivative},
	journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2011},
	month = {12/2011},
	pages = {775 - 780},
	keywords = {LTER-MCM},
	doi = {10.1002/mrc.2816},
	author = {Xiaowen Fang and Jingdong Mao and Rose M. Cory and Diane M. McKnight and Klaus Schmidt-Rohr}
}
@book {1146,
	title = {Spectral Methods to Advance Understanding of Dissolved Organic Carbon Dynamics in Forested Catchments},
	series = {Ecological StudiesForest Hydrology and Biogeochemistry},
	volume = {216},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {117 - 135},
	publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
	organization = {Springer Netherlands},
	address = {Dordrecht},
	keywords = {LTER-MCM},
	isbn = {978-94-007-1363-5},
	doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-1363-5_6},
	url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/lv9365ml54192m29/},
	author = {Rose M. Cory and Elizabeth W. Boyer and Diane M. McKnight},
	editor = {Levia, Delphis F. and Carlyle-Moses, Darryl and Tanaka, Tadashi}
}
@article {1138,
	title = {When a habitat freezes solid: microorganisms over-winter within the ice column of a coastal Antarctic lake},
	journal = {FEMS Microbiology Ecology},
	volume = {76},
	year = {2011},
	month = {06/2011},
	pages = {401 - 412},
	keywords = {LTER-MCM},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01061.x},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01061.x/full},
	author = {Christine M. Foreman and Markus Dieser and Mark Greenwood and Rose M. Cory and Johanna Laybourn-Parry and John T. Lisle and Chris Jaros and Penney L. Miller and Yu-Ping Chin and Diane M. McKnight}
}
@article {1161,
	title = {Effect of instrument-specific response on the analysis of fulvic acid fluorescence spectra},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography: Methods},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2010},
	month = {07/2010},
	pages = {67-78},
	keywords = {LTER-MCM},
	url = {http://www.aslo.org/lomethods/free/2010/0067.html},
	author = {Rose M. Cory and Mathew P. Miller and Diane M. McKnight and Guerard, Jennifer and Penney L. Miller}
}
@article {1325,
	title = {Changes in fulvic acid redox state through the oxycline of a permanently ice-covered Antarctic lake},
	journal = {Aquatic Sciences},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {1-20},
	keywords = {LTER-MCM},
	author = {Fulton, J and Diane M. McKnight and Christine M. Foreman and Rose M. Cory and Stedmon, C and Blunt, E}
}
