@article {4644, title = {From the Heroic Age to today: What diatoms from Shackleton{\textquoteright}s Nimrod expedition can tell us about the ecological trajectory of Antarctic ponds}, journal = {Limnology and Oceanography Letters}, year = {2021}, month = {07/2021}, abstract = {

Biological invasion and environmental change pose major threats to ecosystems. While long-term ecological change is commonly evaluated through sediment cores in lakes, it is generally not feasible for smaller ponds, and spatial resolution is limited. Here, we analyze pond diatom communities collected during Shackleton\&$\#$39;s Nimrod expedition at Cape Royds, Antarctica, to compare with the same waterbodies a century later. We find historical samples to be almost identical to modern counterparts, and provide no evidence of exotic introductions despite increasing human activity. However, a shift occurred in the pond nearest Shackleton\&$\#$39;s hut, Pony Lake, which was dominated by Luticola muticopsis a century ago, and was replaced by Craspedostauros laevissimus. Both are endemic species previously and currently present at Cape Royds, and we hypothesize that a shift in conductivity accompanying changing precipitation patterns may be responsible. Collectively, these results provide important data for assessing human and climate impacts among Antarctic lacustrine habitats.

}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, issn = {2378-2242}, doi = {10.1002/lol2.10200}, url = {https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/lol2.10200}, author = {Tyler J. Kohler and Howkins, Adrian and Eric R. Sokol and Kopalov{\'a}, Kate{\v r}ina and Cox, Aneliya and Darling, Joshua P. and Michael N. Gooseff and Diane M. McKnight} } @inbook {4440, title = {Following the Astrobiology Roadmap: Origins, Habitability and Future Exploration}, booktitle = {Astrobiology: Current, Evolving, and Emerging Perspectives}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Caister Academic Press}, organization = {Caister Academic Press}, chapter = {1}, address = {Norfolk, United Kingdom}, abstract = {

Astrobiology asks three fundamental questions as outlined by the NASA Astrobiology Roadmap: 1. How did Life begin and evolve?; Is there Life elsewhere in the Universe?; and, What is the future of Life on Earth? As we gain perspective on how Life on Earth arose and adapted to its many niches, we too gain insight into how a planet achieves habitability. Here on Earth, microbial Life has evolved to exist in a wide range of habitats from aquatic systems to deserts, the human body, and the International Space Station (ISS). Landers, rovers, and orbiter missions support the search for signatures of Life beyond Earth, by generating data on surface and subsurface conditions of other worlds. These have provided evidence for water activity, supporting the potential for extinct or extant Life. To investigate the putative ecologies of these systems, we study extreme environments on Earth. Several locations on our planet provide analog settings to those we have detected or expect to find on neighboring and distant worlds. Whereas, the field of space biology uses the ISS and low gravity analogs to gain insight on how transplanted Earth-evolved organisms will respond to extraterrestrial environments. Modern genomics allows us to chronicle the genetic makeup of such organisms and provides an understanding of how Life adapts to various extreme environments.

}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, doi = {10.21775/9781912530304.01}, url = {https://www.caister.com/astro}, author = {O{\textquoteright}Rourke, Aubrie and Zoumplis, Angela and Wilburn, Paul and Lee, Michael D. and Lee, Zhi and Vecina, Marissa and Mercader, Kysha} } @article {4157, title = {Fe and Nutrients in Coastal Antarctic Streams: Implications for Primary Production in the Ross Sea}, journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences}, volume = {123}, year = {2018}, month = {12/2018}, pages = {3507 - 3522}, abstract = {

The Southern Ocean (SO) has been an area of biogeochemical interest due to the presence of macronutrients (N, P, and Si) but lack of the expected primary production response, which is thought to be primarily due to Fe limitation. Because primary production is associated with increased drawdown of atmospheric CO2, it is important to quantify the fluxes of Fe and other nutrients into the SO. Here we present data from subaerial streams that flow into the Ross Sea, a sector of the coastal SO. Water samples were collected in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, and analyzed for macronutrients and Fe to determine the potential impact of terrestrial water input on the biogeochemistry of coastal oceanic waters. The physiochemical forms of Fe were investigated through analysis of three operationally defined forms: acid-dissolvable Fe (no filtration), filterable Fe (\<0.4 μm), and dissolved Fe (\<0.2 μm). The combined average flux from two McMurdo Dry Valley streams was approximately 240 moles of filterable Fe per year. The dissolved fraction of Fe made up 18\%\–27\% of the filterable Fe. The stream data yield an average filterable stoichiometry of N3P1Si100Fe0.8, which is substantially different from the planktonic composition and suggests that these streams are a potential source of Fe and P, relative to N and Si, to coastal phytoplankton communities. While the Fe flux from these streams is orders of magnitude less than estimated eolian and iceberg sources, terrestrial streams are expected to become a more significant source of Fe to the Ross Sea in the future.

}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, issn = {2169-8953}, doi = {10.1029/2017JG004352}, url = {https://agupubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com/doi/full/10.1029/2017JG004352}, author = {Sydney A. Olund and W. Berry Lyons and Sue Welch and Kathleen A. Welch} } @mastersthesis {4066, title = {Fe and Nutrients in Coastal Antarctic Streams: Implications for Marine Primary Production in the Ross Sea}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2017}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {masters}, abstract = {

The Southern Ocean (SO) has been an area of much biogeochemical interest due to the role of Fe limitation for primary production. Primary production is associated with increased carbon sequestration, making it important to characterize and quantify the fluxes of Fe and other nutrients to the ocean. Water samples were collected in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (MDV) from four subaerial streams flowing into the Ross Sea. They were analyzed for macronutrients (N, P, Si) and Fe to determine the potential impact of terrestrial water input on the biogeochemistry of coastal oceanic waters. Our stream data yield an average filterable composition of N3P1 Si100Fe0.8, which is substantially different from the planktonic composition as demonstrated by empirical measurements, and suggests that these streams are a potential source of Fe and P, relative to N and Si, to coastal phytoplankton communities.

The behavior and potential colloidal/nanoparticulate speciation of the Fe in these streams was investigated through analysis of three physiochemical forms of Fe - environmentally active Fe (acid-soluble/no filtration), filterable Fe (filtered through 0.4 μm), and dissolved Fe (filtered through 0.2 μm). It has been suggested that the dissolved fraction is mainly nanoparticulate and represents a more bioavailable form of Fe, as compared with colloids and particles. Overall, the combined average annual flux from two MDV streams is approximately 240 moles fFe yr-1, which is consistent with previously predicted values. The dissolved fraction of Fe (\<0.2 μm) was between 18\% and 27\% percent of the fFe, meaning the fFe pool is mostly colloidal. While the Fe flux from these streams is several orders of magnitude less than aeolian and iceberg sources, terrestrial streams are expected to become a more significant source of Fe to the Ross Sea. As the Antarctic climate warms, ice-free regions similar to the MDV should increase in extent and glacier melt. This study questions how, and in what quantities, Fe is solubilized and transported from the landscape into the SO to better inform predictions of Fe fluxes following continued warming.
}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, url = {http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492697894343546}, author = {Sydney A. Olund}, editor = {W. Berry Lyons} } @article {4064, title = {Freshwater diatom biogeography and the genus Luticola: an extreme case of endemism in Antarctica}, journal = {Polar Biology}, volume = {40}, year = {2017}, month = {03/2017}, pages = {1185-1196}, abstract = {

Historical views have characterized Antarctica as a frozen desert with low diversity, although recent studies suggest that this may not be true for microscopic organisms. For microbes, assessing endemism in the Antarctic region has been particularly important, especially against a backdrop of debate regarding their presumed cosmopolitan nature. To contribute to this conversation, we highlight the observed endemism of the freshwater diatom genus Luti- cola in Antarctica by synthesizing the results of a modern high-resolution taxonomy from the Continental, Maritime, and sub-Antarctic regions. We report that Luticola has one of the highest endemic rates of any diatom genus in Antarctica, in terms of total number of species (taxon endemism) and percentage of the entire genus (phylogenetic endemism). Of the over 200 species of Luticola globally, nearly 20\% (43) occur in the Antarctic, with 42 of these being endemic. Within regions, Maritime Antarctica has the largest number of Luticola species and endemics (28 and 23, respectively), followed by Continental Antarctica (14, 9) and sub-Antarctic islands (8, 6). Thus, 38 of the 42 endemics are found in a single region only. While the timing of Luticola diversi cation has not been established, fossil evidence suggests recent invasions and/or diversi cation over a relatively short geologic timescale. Understanding the origin and evolution of endemic diatom species in Antarctica will help us better understand microbial biogeography, as well as assess and interpret impacts of large-scale environmental change taking place at southern latitudes.

}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, issn = {0722-4060}, doi = {10.1007/s00300-017-2090-7}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00300-017-2090-7}, author = {J. Patrick Kociolek and Kopalova, K and Hamsher, S. E. and Tyler J. Kohler and Bart Van de Vijver and Convey, Peter and Diane M. McKnight} } @phdthesis {4035, title = {Factors influencing the abundance of microorganisms in icy environments}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2016}, pages = {236}, school = {Montana State University}, type = {doctoral}, abstract = {

Microbial life can easily live without us; we, however, cannot survive without the global catalysis and environmental transformations it provides (Falkowski et al., 2008). Despite of the key role of microbes on Earth, microbial community characteristics are not explicitly part of climate models because our understanding of their responses to long-term environmental and climatic processes is limited. In this study, I developed a Flow Cytometric protocol to access a long-term record of non-photosynthetic prokaryotic cell concentration archived in the West Antarctic Ice-Sheet (WAIS; chapter 2). The WD ice core was retrieved between 2009 and 2011 to a depth of 3,405 m, extending back to 68,000 before 1950. Once a 17,400 year-record of prokaryotic cell concentration was acquired, I investigated its temporal variability and patterns, determined the potential sources of prokaryotic cells between the Last Glacial Maximum and the early Holocene, and assessed the environmental factors that might have the largest influence on the prokaryotic response (chapter 3). The observed patterns in the prokaryotic record are linked to large-scale controls of the Southern Ocean and West Antarctica Ice-Sheet. The main research findings presented here about the first prokaryotic record are: (i) airborne prokaryotic cell concentration does respond to long-term climatic and environmental processes, (ii) the processes of deglaciation, sea level rise and sea-ice fluctuation were key; the abundance of prokaryotic cells covariate with ssNa and black carbon, and (iii) the prokaryotic cell record variate on millennial time scale with cycles of 1,490-years. In addition, I studied congelation ice (i.e., ice forms as liquid water freezes) from ice-covered lakes to understand prokaryotic cell segregation between liquid and solid phases during the physical freezing process. Five mesocosm experiments were designed to understand prokaryotic responses to the progressive freezing in concert with field observations from ice-covered lakes from Barrow, Alaska. As a result of this last study (chapter 4), I concluded that prokaryotic cells are preferentially incorporated in the ice with segregation coefficients (Keff) between 0.8\–4.4, which are higher than for major ions. Prokaryotic cells avoid rejection more effectively from the ice matrix.

}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, url = {https://search.proquest.com/openview/eb36d8ca7f2f1308b69e87a6c37f0a72/1?pq-origsite=gscholar\&cbl=18750\&diss=y}, author = {Santib{\'a}{\~n}ez, Pamela} } @article {3475, title = {Fostering ecological data sharing: collaborations in the International Long Term Ecological Research Network}, journal = {Ecosphere}, volume = {6}, year = {2015}, month = {10/2015}, abstract = {

The International Long Term Ecological Research (ILTER) Network was established in 1993 and is now composed of thirty-eight national networks representing a diversity of ecosystems around the globe. Data generated by the ILTER Network are valuable for scientists addressing broad spatial and temporal scale research questions, but only if these data can be easily discovered, accessed, and understood. Challenges to publishing ILTER data have included unequal distribution among networks of information management expertise, user-friendly tools, and resources. Language and translation have also been issues. Despite these significant obstacles, ILTER information managers have formed grassroots partnerships and collaborated to provide information management training, adopt a common metadata standard, develop information management tools useful throughout the network, and organize scientist/information manager workshops that encourage scientists to share and integrate data. Throughout this article, we share lessons learned from the successes of these grassroots international partnerships to inform others who wish to collaborate internationally on projects that depend on data sharing entailing similar management challenges.

}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, issn = {2150-8925}, doi = {10.1890/ES14-00281.1}, url = {http://www.esajournals.org/doi/10.1890/ES14-00281.1}, author = {Vanderbilt, Kristin L. and Lin, Chau-Chin and Lu, Sheng-Shan and Kassim, Abd Rahman and He, Honglin and Guo, Xuebing and Inigo San Gil and Blankman, David and Porter, John H.} } @article {3207, title = {Forum: Climate Change and Environmental History}, journal = {Environmental History}, volume = {19}, year = {2014}, month = {04/2014}, pages = {281 - 364}, abstract = {

This Forum explores global climate change, one of this century\&$\#$39;s most prominent environmental issues. Authors answer two critical questions: (1) How does the study of climate history enrich the field of environmental history more broadly? (2) How can environmental historians contribute to present-day understandings of and responses to global climate change? This introductory essay (and the Forum more generally) contribute to both environmental history research and climate change discussions by grappling with several key issues including the agency of nonhuman nature and environmental determinism, environmental governance, climate as a cultural construction, the history of environmental ideas and discourse, environmental narratives, the commodification of nature, and the politicization of the natural and life sciences. This essay also shows how the study of climate history provides methodological and practical tools for environmental historians. It analyzes the role of interdisciplinary sources and archives, scale, the place of science in environmental history scholarship, and the relevance of environmental histories for present-day policymaking and public discussions about climate change.

}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, issn = {1084-5453}, doi = {10.1093/envhis/emu004}, url = {http://envhis.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/envhis/emu004}, author = {Carey, M. and Garone, P. and Howkins, Adrian and Endfield, G. H. and Culver, L. and White, S. and Johnson, S. and Fleming, J. R. and Garone, P.} } @article {1092, title = {Factors Controlling Soil Microbial Biomass and Bacterial Diversity and Community Composition in a Cold Desert Ecosystem: Role of Geographic Scale}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {8}, year = {2013}, month = {06/2013}, pages = {e66103}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0066103.s003}, url = {http://www.plosone.org/article/info\%3Adoi\%2F10.1371\%2Fjournal.pone.0066103}, author = {David J. Van Horn and Van Horn, M. Lee and John E. Barrett and Michael N. Gooseff and Adam E. Altrichter and Kevin M. Geyer and Lydia H. Zeglin and Cristina D. Takacs-Vesbach} } @article {1094, title = {The future of soil invertebrate communities in polar regions: different climate change responses in the Arctic and Antarctic?}, journal = {Ecology Letters}, volume = {16}, year = {2013}, month = {03/2013}, pages = {409 - 419}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, doi = {10.1111/ele.12058}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ele.12058/abstract;jsessionid=2591020317030CE8FCDC37FE39B4F0B2.f01t04}, author = {Uffe N. Nielsen and Diana H. Wall} } @book {1142, title = {Frontiers in Understanding Climate Change and Polar Ecosystems}, series = {Committee on Frontiers in Understanding Climate Change and Polar Ecosystems Polar Research Board Division of Earth and Life Studies}, year = {2011}, publisher = {The National Academies Press}, organization = {The National Academies Press}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, isbn = {0-309-21087-9}, author = {Grebmeier, J. and John C. Priscu} } @inbook {1171, title = {Factors promoting microbial diversity in the McMurdo Dry Valleys}, booktitle = {Life in Antarctic Deserts and other Cold Dry Environments: Astrobiological Analogues}, series = {Cambridge Astrobiology}, volume = {5}, year = {2010}, pages = {221-257}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, organization = {Cambridge University Press}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, isbn = {9780521889193}, doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511712258.008}, url = {http://ebooks.cambridge.org/chapter.jsf?bid=CBO9780511712258\&cid=CBO9780511712258A015}, author = {Cristina D. Takacs-Vesbach and Lydia H. Zeglin and Michael N. Gooseff and John E. Barrett and John C. Priscu} } @article {1268, title = {Fuel movement between grain boundaries in ice}, journal = {Cold Regions Science and Technology}, volume = {45}, year = {2006}, pages = {158-165}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, doi = {LTER}, author = {Steven M. Jepsen and Edward E. Adams and John C. Priscu} } @article {1357, title = {Formation and character of an ancient 19 m ice cover and underlying trapped brine in an}, journal = {Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences}, volume = {100}, year = {2003}, month = {01/2003}, pages = {26-31}, type = {Journal}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.222680999}, url = {http://www.pnas.org/content/100/1/26.short}, author = {Peter T. Doran and Christian H. Fritsen and Christopher P. McKay and John C. Priscu and Edward E. Adams} } @article {1363, title = {Fourier-transform raman spectroscopic studies of organic and inorganic chemical components in stromatolitic cores from Antarctic lake sediments}, journal = {International Journal of Astrobiology}, volume = {1}, year = {2003}, pages = {325-331}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, author = {Edwards, H and Wynn-Williams, D and Ellis-Evans, J and Newton, E and Little, S and de Oliveira, L and Hodgson, D and Peter T. Doran} } @article {1389, title = {Field and microcosm studies of decomposition and soil biota in a cold dessert soil}, journal = {Ecosystems}, volume = {5}, year = {2002}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, author = {Amy M Treonis and Diana H. Wall and Ross A. Virginia} } @article {1390, title = {Flux of eolian sediment in the Mcmurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: a preliminary assessment}, journal = {Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research}, volume = {34}, year = {2002}, pages = {318-323}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, author = {Lancaster, N} } @article {1430, title = {Fossil fuel burning in Taylor Valley, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica: estimating the role of scientific activities on carbon and nitrogen reservoirs and fluxes}, journal = {Environmental Science and Technology}, volume = {34}, year = {2000}, pages = {1659-1662}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, author = {W. Berry Lyons and C. A. Nezat and Kathleen A. Welch and Kottmeier, S and Peter T. Doran} } @phdthesis {1458, title = {Factors Affecting the Distribution and Dynamics of Bacterioplankton Biomass and Diversity in Taylor Valley Lakes, Antarctica}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1999}, school = {Montana State University}, type = {doctoral}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, author = {Cristina D. Takacs-Vesbach} } @article {1497, title = {Fluorescence Quenching in Phytoplankton of the McMurdo Dry Valley Lakes (Antarctica): Implications for the Structure and Function of the Photosynthetic Apparatus, in Ecosystem Processes in a Polar Desert: The McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica}, journal = {Antarctic Research Series}, volume = {72}, year = {1998}, pages = {241-253}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, author = {Patrick J. Neale and John C. Priscu} } @inbook {1498, title = {From the ground up: nematode ecology in bioassessment and ecosystem health}, booktitle = {Plant-Nematode Interactions(Agronomy Monograph)}, year = {1998}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, author = {R. K. Niles and Diana W. Freckman} } @inbook {1573, title = {Food-web dynamics and applied problems}, booktitle = {Food Webs: Integration of patterns and dynamics}, year = {1996}, pages = {327-336}, keywords = {LTER-MCM}, author = {L.B. Crowder and D.P. Reagan and Diana W. Freckman} }