01659nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001300041245008600054210006900140260001200209300001100221490000700232520104000239100001401279700002301293700002901316700002601345700002201371856007201393       2021                        eng d  a2589004200aDraft genome sequence of the Antarctic green alga <I>Chlamydomonas</I> sp. UWO2410 aDraft genome sequence of the Antarctic green alga IChlamydomonas  c2021-02  a1020840 v243 a<p>Antarctica is home to an assortment of psychrophilic algae, which have evolved various survival strategies for coping with their frigid environments. Here, we explore Antarctic psychrophily by examining the &sim;212 Mb draft nuclear genome of the green alga <em>Chlamydomonas</em>&nbsp;sp. UWO241, which resides within the water column of a perennially ice-covered, hypersaline lake. Like certain other Antarctic algae, UWO241 encodes a large number (&ge;37) of ice-binding proteins, putatively originating from horizontal gene transfer. Even more striking, UWO241 harbors hundreds of highly similar duplicated genes involved in diverse cellular processes, some of which we argue are aiding its survival in the Antarctic via gene dosage. Gene and partial gene duplication appear to be an ongoing phenomenon within UWO241, one which might be mediated by retrotransposons. Ultimately, we consider how such a process could be associated with adaptation to extreme environments but explore potential non-adaptive hypotheses as well.</p>1 aZhang, Xi1 aCvetkovska, Marina1 aMorgan-Kiss, Rachael, M.1 aHüner, Norman, P. A.1 aSmith, David, Roy  uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004221000523