02764nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169260001200238300001100250490000700261520197300268653001502241653002102256653002702277653002202304653001502326653001302341100002102354700002502375700002402400700002402424856006202448       2024                        eng d  a0885-608700aThe hydrologic and geochemical contributions from snow to streamflow in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica0 ahydrologic and geochemical contributions from snow to streamflow  c06/2024  ae151950 v383 a<p>The glacial meltwater streams in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDVs), Antarctica only flow during the austral summer and contain abundant algal mats which grow at the onset of flow. Their relative abundance in stream channels of this polar desert make the streams biogeochemical hot spots. The MDVs receive minimal precipitation as snow, which is redistributed by wind and deposited in distinct locations, some of which become persistent snow patches each year. Previous studies identified that MDV streamflow comes from a combination of glacier ice and snow, although snow was assumed to contribute little to the overall water budget. This study uses a combination of satellite imagery, terrain analysis, and field measurements to determine where snow patches accumulate and persist across MDV watersheds, and to quantify the potential hydrologic and biogeochemical contributions of snow patches to streams. Watersheds near the coast have the highest snow-covered area and longest snow persistence. Many of these snow patches accumulate within the stream channels, which results in the potential to contribute to streamflow. During the summer of 2021&ndash;2022, stream channel snow patches had the potential to contribute anywhere between &lt;1% and 90% of the total annual discharge in Lake Fryxell Basin streams, and may increase with different hydrometeorological conditions. On average the potential inputs from snow patches to streamflow was between 12% and 25% of the annual discharge during the 2021&ndash;2022 season, as determined by snow area and SWE. Snow patches in the majority of the watersheds had higher nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations than stream water, and six streams contained snow with higher N:P ratios than the average N:P in the stream water. This suggests that if such patches melt early in the summer, these nutrient and water inputs could occur at the right time and stoichiometry to be crucial for early season algal mat growth.</p>10aAntarctica10aephemeral stream10apolar desert hydrology10arunoff generation10asnow patch10asnowmelt1 aWright, Anna, T.1 aGooseff, Michael, N.1 aBergstrom, Anna, J.1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.  uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/hyp.1519502587nas a2200313   4500008004100000022001400041245012700055210006900182260001200251300001100263520145800274653001701732653001401749653000801763653001901771653001501790100002301805700001801828700001501846700002401861700002501885700003301910700002901943700001701972700002201989700002102011700002102032856022002053       2024                        eng d  a0954-102000aMcMurdo Dry Valley lake edge ‘moats’: The ecological intersection between terrestrial and aquatic polar desert habitat0 aMcMurdo Dry Valley lake edge moats The ecological intersection b  c04/2024  a1 - 173 a<p>Aquatic ecosystems - lakes, ponds and streams - are hotspots of biodiversity in the cold and arid environment of Continental Antarctica. Environmental change is expected to increasingly alter Antarctic aquatic ecosystems and modify the physical characteristics and interactions within the habitats that they support. Here, we describe physical and biological features of the peripheral &lsquo;moat&rsquo; of a closed-basin Antarctic lake. These moats mediate connectivity amongst streams, lake and soils. We highlight the cyclical moat transition from a frozen winter state to an active open-water summer system, through refreeze as winter returns. Summer melting begins at the lakebed, initially creating an ice-constrained lens of liquid water in November, which swiftly progresses upwards, creating open water in December. Conversely, freezing progresses slowly from the water surface downwards, with water at 1 m bottom depth remaining liquid until May. Moats support productive, diverse benthic communities that are taxonomically distinct from those under the adjacent permanent lake ice. We show how ion ratios suggest that summer exchange occurs amongst moats, streams, soils and sub-ice lake water, perhaps facilitated by within-moat density-driven convection. Moats occupy a small but dynamic area of lake habitat, are disproportionately affected by recent lake-level rises and may thus be particularly vulnerable to hydrological change.</p>10aconnectivity10aecosystem10aice10amicrobial mats10atransition1 aStone, Michael, S.1 aDevlin, Shawn1 aHawes, Ian1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aGooseff, Michael, N.1 aTakacs-Vesbach, Cristina, D.1 aMorgan-Kiss, Rachael, M.1 aAdams, Byron1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aPriscu, John, C.1 aDoran, Peter, T.  uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antarctic-science/article/mcmurdo-dry-valley-lake-edge-moats-the-ecological-intersection-between-terrestrial-and-aquatic-polar-desert-habitats/31D94DD51E651603482A3AE6E8A52A5702170nas a2200145   4500008004100000022001400041245013800055210006900193260001200262520161600274100002401890700002401914700002501938856006101963       2023                        eng d  a2169-900300aSpatial patterns of major ions and their relationship to sediment concentration in near surface glacier ice, Taylor Valley Antarctica0 aSpatial patterns of major ions and their relationship to sedimen  c03/20243 a<p>Glaciers form the headwaters of many watersheds and, in arid polar environments, can provide the vast majority of water to downstream systems. Headwater watersheds are critically important for setting the chemistry for downstream systems, yet we know comparatively little about the patterns and processes that generate the geochemical signature of meltwater on glacier surfaces. Here, we focus on glaciers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, the largest ice-free area on the continent, characterized by alpine glaciers flowing into broad, rocky valleys. We examine patterns from the coast inland, accumulation to ablation zones, laterally across individual glaciers, and through the zone of meltwater generation. We directly compare solute to sediment concentrations, a major source of dissolved solutes. Our findings agree with previous work that the overall meltwater chemistry of a given glacier is a product local sediment sources and of regional wind patterns: foehn winds moving from the ice sheet to the coast and on-shore sea breezes. Further, these patterns hold across an individual glacier. Finally, we find that the ice chemistry and sediment profiles reflect freeze-thaw and melt processes that occur at depth. This indicates that the transport and weathering of sediment in the ice profile likely has a strong influence on supra- and proglacial stream chemistry. This new understanding strengthens connections between physical and geochemical processes in cold-based polar glacier environments and helps us better understand the processes driving landscape and ecosystem connectivity.</p>1 aBergstrom, Anna, J.1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aGooseff, Michael, N.  uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022JF00698002809nas a2200337   4500008004100000245012000041210006900161260001200230300001800242490000800260520168500268653002201953653002001975653004901995653001902044653001202063653004302075653001902118653002402137653002102161653003102182100002102213700002402234700002202258700002402280700002402304700002502328700002402353700002502377856006902402       2021                        eng d00aDiatoms in hyporheic sediments trace organic matter retention and processing in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica0 aDiatoms in hyporheic sediments trace organic matter retention an  c02/2021  ae2020JG0060970 v1263 a<p>In low‐nutrient streams in cold and arid ecosystems, the spiraling of autochthonous particulate organic matter (POM) may provide important nutrient subsidies downstream. Because of its lability and the spatial heterogeneity of processing in hyporheic sediments, the downstream transport and fate of autochthonous POM can be difficult to trace. In Antarctic McMurdo Dry Valley (MDV) streams, any POM retained in the hyporheic zone is expected to be derived from surface microbial mats that contain diatoms with long‐lasting silica frustules. We tested whether diatom frustules can be used to trace the retention of autochthonous POM in the hyporheic zone and whether certain geomorphic locations promote this process. The accumulation of diatom frustules in hyporheic sediments, measured as biogenic silica, was correlated with loss‐on‐ignition organic matter and sorbed ammonium, suggesting that diatoms can be used to identify locations where POM has been retained and processed over long timescales, regardless of whether the POM remains intact. In addition, by modeling the upstream sources of hyporheic diatom assemblages, we found that POM was predominantly derived from N‐fixing microbial mats of the genus Nostoc. In terms of spatial variability, we conclude that the hyporheic sediments adjacent to the stream channel that are regularly inundated by daily flood pulses are where the most POM has been retained over long timescales. Autochthonous POM is retained in hyporheic zones of low‐nutrient streams beyond the MDVs, and we suggest that biogenic silica and diatom composition can be used to identify locations where this transfer is most prevalent.</p>10abenthic processes10abiogenic silica10abiogeochemical cycles processes and modeling10acarbon cycling10adiatoms10agroundwater/surface water interactions10ahyporheic zone10aMcMurdo Dry Valleys10anitrogen cycling10aparticulate organic matter1 aHeindel, Ruth, C1 aDarling, Joshua, P.1 aSingley, Joel, G.1 aBergstrom, Anna, J.1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.1 aLukkari, Braeden, M.1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aGooseff, Michael, N.  uhttps://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020JG00609702603nas a2200181   4500008004100000245007200041210006900113260001200182300001200194490000800206520196600214100002402180700002402204700001702228700002402245700002402269856012802293       2021                        eng d00aGeochemistry of contrasting stream types, Taylor Valley, Antarctica0 aGeochemistry of contrasting stream types Taylor Valley Antarctic  c01/2021  a425-4480 v1333 a<p>The McMurdo Dry Valley region is the largest ice-free area of Antarctica. Ephemeral streams flow here during the austral summer, transporting glacial meltwater to perennially ice-covered, closed basin lakes. The chemistry of 24 Taylor Valley streams was examined over the two-decade period of monitoring from 1993 to 2014, and the geochemical behavior of two streams of contrasting physical and biological character was monitored across the seven weeks of the 2010&ndash;2011 flow season. Four species dominate stream solute budgets: HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>, Ca<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, and Cl<sup>&ndash;</sup>, with SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2&ndash;</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, and K<sup>+</sup> present in significantly lesser proportions. All streams contain dissolved silica at low concentrations. Across Taylor Valley, streams are characterized by their consistent anionic geochemical fingerprint of HCO<sub>3</sub> &gt; Cl &gt; SO<sub>4</sub>, but there is a split in cation composition between 14 streams with Ca &gt; Na &gt; Mg &gt; K and 10 streams with Na &gt; Ca &gt; Mg &gt; K.</p><p><br />Andersen Creek is a first-order proglacial stream representative of the 13 short streams that flow &lt;1.5 km from source to gage. Von Guerard is representative of 11 long streams 2&ndash;7 km in length characterized by extensive hyporheic zones. Both streams exhibit a strong daily cycle for solute load, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH, which vary in proportion to discharge. A well-expressed diurnal co-variation of pH with dissolved oxygen is observed for both streams that reflects different types of biological control. The relative consistency of Von Guerard composition over the summer flow season reflects chemostatic regulation, where water in transient storage introduced during times of high streamflow has an extended opportunity for water-sediment interaction, silicate mineral dissolution, and pore-water exchange.</p>1 aHarmon, Russell, S.1 aLeslie, Deborah, L.1 aLyons, Berry1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.  uhttps://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article/133/1-2/425/587799/Geochemistry-of-contrasting-stream-types-Taylor02540nas a2200289   4500008004100000245012600041210006900167260001200236490000800248520163000256653002101886653001501907653001701922653001501939653002401954653001901978100002101997700002102018700001902039700002402058700001902082700001702101700002402118700001902142700001702161856007202178       2020                        eng d00aGeochemistry of aeolian material from the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: Insights into Southern Hemisphere dust sources0 aGeochemistry of aeolian material from the McMurdo Dry Valleys An  c10/20200 v5473 a<p>In the Southern Hemisphere, the major sources of dust and other aeolian materials are from Patagonia, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. Dust from Patagonia and New Zealand has been identified in ice cores throughout Antarctica, suggesting that during arid and windy periods, such as glacial periods, dust can be entrained and transported onto the continent. However, little information exists on modern Antarctic dust sources, transport, and its role in the Southern Hemisphere dust cycle. We present the first geochemical characterization of aeolian materials collected at five heights (between 5 cm and 100 cm) above the surface in four valleys within the McMurdo Dry Valleys, the largest ice-free area in Antarctica. Our mineralogy data indicate that these materials are primarily derived from local rocks of the McMurdo Volcanics, Ferrar Dolerite, Beacon Sandstone and Granite Harbor Intrusives, with varying contributions of each rock type dependent on the valley location. While major oxide, trace element and rare earth element data show that low elevation and coastal locations (with respect to the Ross Sea) are dominated by local sources, high elevation and inland locations have accumulated both local materials and dust from other distant Southern Hemisphere sources. This far-traveled material may not be accumulating today, but represents a paleo source that is resuspended from the soils. By geochemically &ldquo;fingerprinting&rdquo; aeolian materials from the MDV, we can better inform future studies on the transport of materials within Antarctica and between Southern Hemisphere land masses.</p>10aaeolian material10aAntarctica10amajor oxides10amineralogy10arare earth elements10atrace elements1 aDiaz, Melisa, A.1 aWelch, Susan, A.1 aSheets, J., M.1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aKhan, Alia, L.1 aAdams, Byron1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.1 aCary, Craig, S1 aLyons, Berry  uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X2030404002368nas a2200229   4500008004100000245007900041210006900120260001200189520162900201653002401830653001301854653002101867653002001888653001401908653002501922100002401947700002501971700002201996700002302018700002402041856007302065       2020                        eng d00aNutrient uptake in the supraglacial stream network of an Antarctic glacier0 aNutrient uptake in the supraglacial stream network of an Antarct  c08/20203 a<p>In polar regions, where many glaciers are cold‐based (frozen to their beds), biological communities on the glacier surface can modulate and transform nutrients, controlling downstream delivery. However, it remains unclear whether supraglacial streams are nutrient sinks or sources and the rates of nutrient processing. In order to test this, we conducted tracer‐injections in three supraglacial streams (62 to 123 m long) on Canada Glacier in the Taylor Valley, of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. We conducted a series of additions including: nitrate (N), N + phosphate (P), N+ P + glucose (C), and N+C. In two reaches, N‐only additions resulted in N uptake. The third reach showed net N release during the N‐only addition, but high N uptake in the N+P addition, indicating P‐limitation or N+P co‐limitation. Co‐injecting C did not increase N‐uptake. Additionally, in these systems at low N concentrations the streams can be a net source of nitrogen. We confirmed these findings using laboratory‐based nutrient incubation experiments on sediment collected from stream channels on Canada Glacier and two other glaciers in the Taylor Valley. Together, these results suggest there is active biological processing of nutrients occurring in these supraglacial streams despite low sediment cover, high flow velocities and cold temperatures, modifying the input signals to proglacial streams. As glaciers world‐wide undergo rapid change, these findings further our understanding of how melt generated on glacier surfaces set the initial nutrient signature for subglacial and downstream environments.</p>10aMcMurdo Dry Valleys10anitrogen10anutrient tracers10anutrient uptake10asediments10asupraglacial streams1 aBergstrom, Anna, J.1 aGooseff, Michael, N.1 aSingley, Joel, G.1 aCohen, Matthew, J.1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.  uhttps://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020JG00567901931nas a2200229   4500008004100000245010800041210006900149260001200218490000700230520115400237100002101391700001701412700001701429700002401446700002401470700001601494700001601510700001701526700001501543700002301558856012001581       2019                        eng d00aDiurnal chemistry of two contrasting stream types, Taylor Valley, McMurdo Dry Valley Region, Antarctica0 aDiurnal chemistry of two contrasting stream types Taylor Valley   c06/20190 v983 a<p>Numerous ephemeral streams flow within the McMurdo Dry Valley Region of Antarctica that transport glacial meltwater to perennially ice-covered, closed-basin lakes during the austral summer. The diurnal behavior for two Taylor Valley streams of different character was examined during the summer of 2010-11. Andersen Creek is a short, 1st-order proglacial stream, whereas Von Guerard Stream is a long, high-order stream with an extensive hyporheic zone that has a substantial cyanobacterial algal mat community in its middle reaches. Both streams display strong daily cycles for temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and pH. Conductivity varies in concert with flow, with solute dilution occurring during the daily high-flow pulse. Dissolved oxygen co-varies strongly with pH at Andersen Creek but not for Von Guerard Stream. Each stream has a distinct geochemical character that for Andersen Creek is a direct reflection of its glacial source, unmodified by secondary effects, whereas that for Von Guerard Stream is modulated by its resident algal mat community and through extensive hyporheic zone interaction and exchange.</p>1 aHarmon, Mark, E.1 aLeslie, D.L.1 aLyons, Berry1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.1 aChudaev, O.1 aKharaka, Y.1 aHarmon, R.S.1 aMillot, R.1 aShouakar-Stash, O.  uhttps://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/abs/2019/24/e3sconf_wri-162018_01020/e3sconf_wri-162018_01020.html02504nas a2200229   4500008004100000245007200041210006700113260001200180490000800192520178600200100001701986700002202003700002202025700002402047700001502071700002902086700002502115700002102140700002002161700002002181856007302201       2019                        eng d00aThe Geochemistry of Englacial Brine From Taylor Glacier, Antarctica0 aGeochemistry of Englacial Brine From Taylor Glacier Antarctica  c03/20190 v1243 a<p>Blood Falls is a hypersaline, iron‐rich discharge at the terminus of the Taylor Glacier in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. In November 2014, brine in a conduit within the glacier was penetrated and sampled using clean‐entry techniques and a thermoelectric melting probe called the IceMole. We analyzed the englacial brine sample for filterable iron (fFe), total Fe, major cations and anions, nutrients, organic carbon, and perchlorate. In addition, aliquots were analyzed for minor and trace elements and isotopes including δD and δ<sup>18</sup>O of water, δ<sup>34</sup>S and δ<sup>18</sup>O of sulfate, <sup>234</sup>U, <sup>238</sup>U, δ<sup>11</sup>B, <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr, and δ<sup>81</sup>Br. These measurements were made in order to (1) determine the source and geochemical evolution of the brine and (2) compare the chemistry of the brine to that of nearby hypersaline lake waters and previous supraglacially sampled collections of Blood Falls outflow that were interpreted as end‐member brines. The englacial brine had higher Cl&minus; concentrations than the Blood Falls end‐member outflow; however, other constituents were similar. The isotope data indicate that the water in the brine is derived from glacier melt. The H<sub>4</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub> concentrations and U and Sr isotope suggest a high degree of chemical weathering products. The brine has a low N:P ratio of ~7.2 with most of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the form of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations are similar to end‐member outflow values. Our results provide strong evidence that the original source of solutes in the brine was ancient seawater, which has been modified with the addition of chemical weathering products.</p>1 aLyons, Berry1 aMikucki, Jill, A.1 aGerman, Laura, A.1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aWelch, Sue1 aGardner, Christopher, B.1 aTulaczyk, Slawek, M.1 aPettit, Erin, C.1 aKowalski, Julia1 aDachwald, Bernd  uhttps://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018JG00441102639nas a2200301   4500008004100000245008400041210006900125260001200194520169800206653001501904653002101919653002401940653002701964653001301991100002102004700002602025700001702051700001602068700002502084700002502109700001702134700002202151700002302173700002002196700002402216700002402240856007302264       2019                        eng d00aThe hydroecology of an ephemeral wetland in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica0 ahydroecology of an ephemeral wetland in the McMurdo Dry Valleys   c11/20193 a<p>The McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) is a polar desert on the coast of East Antarctica where ephemeral wetlands become hydrologically active during warm and sunny summers when sub‐surface flows are generated from melting snowfields. To understand the structure and function of polar wetland ecosystems, we investigated the hydroecology of one such wetland, the Wormherder Creek wetland, during the warm and sunny summer of 2008 &ndash; 2009, when the wetland was hydrologically reactivated. Conservative tracer (LiCl) was injected for a 2‐hour period into a stream above the wetland to determine flow path orientations and hydrologic residence times. Tracer results indicated that surface water is rapidly exchanged with wetland groundwater and wetland residence times may exceed two austral summers. Major ion concentrations were uniform in samples from surface water and shallow groundwater throughout the wetland. Microbial mats in the wetland had high autotrophic index values (the ratios of chlorophyll a [Chl‐a]/ash‐free dry mass [AFDM]), ranging from 9‐38 μg Chl‐a/mg AFDM, indicative of actively photosynthesizing mat communities. The diatom communities in the mats were relatively uniform compared to those in mats from regularly flowing MDV streams, with four endemic and one widespread diatom taxa of the genus <em>Luticola</em> accounting for an average of 86% of the community. These results indicate that the hydrologic characteristics of the wetland contribute to uniform geochemical conditions. In turn, uniform geochemical conditions may explain the high autotrophic index values of the microbial mats and relatively low spatial variation of the diatom community.</p>10aAntarctica10adesert hydrology10adiatom biodiversity10ahyporheic interactions10awetlands1 aWlostowski, Adam1 aSchulte, Nicholas, O.1 aAdams, Byron1 aBall, Becky1 aEsposito, Rhea, M.M.1 aGooseff, Michael, N.1 aLyons, Berry1 aNielsen, Uffe, N.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.  uhttps://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2019JG00515302534nas a2200229   4500008004100000245010900041210006900150260001200219300001600231490000800247520179600255100002102051700001702072700002402089700001502113700002302128700001902151700002402170700001902194700001702213856007402230       2018                        eng d00aAeolian material transport and its role in landscape connectivity in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica0 aAeolian material transport and its role in landscape connectivit  c12/2018  a3323 - 33370 v1233 a<p>Arid regions, particularly polar and alpine desert environments, have diminished landscape connectivity compared to temperate regions due to limited and/or seasonal hydrological processes. For these environments, aeolian processes play a particularly important role in landscape evolution and biotic community vitality through nutrient and solute additions. The McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) are the largest ice-free area in Antarctica and are potentially a major source of aeolian material for the continent. From this region, samples were collected at five heights (~5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 cm) above the surface seasonally for 2013 through 2015 from Alatna Valley, Victoria Valley, Miers Valley, and Taylor Valley (Taylor Glacier, East Lake Bonney, F6 (Lake Fryxell), and Explorer&rsquo;s Cove). Despite significant geological separation and varying glacial histories, low-elevation and coastal sites had similar major ion chemistries, as did high-elevation and inland locations. This locational clustering of compositions was also evident in scanning electron microscopy images and principal component analyses, particularly for samples collected at ~100 cm above the surface. Compared to published soil literature, aeolian material in Taylor Valley demonstrates a primarily down-valley transport of material toward the coast. Soluble N:P ratios in the aeolian material reflect relative nutrient enrichments seen in MDV soils and lakes, where younger, coastal soils are relatively N depleted, while older, up-valley soils are relatively P depleted. The aeolian transport of materials, including water-soluble nutrients, is an important vector of connectivity within the MDV and provides a mechanism to help &ldquo;homogenize&rdquo; the geochemistry of both soil and aquatic ecosystems.</p>1 aDiaz, Melisa, A.1 aAdams, Byron1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aWelch, Sue1 aOpiyo, Stephen, O.1 aKhan, Alia, L.1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.1 aCary, Craig, S1 aLyons, Berry  uhttps://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2017JF00458901847nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245005200055210005200107260001200159300001400171490000700185520124200192100002201434700002901456700002401485700001501509700001701524856011201541       2018                        eng d  a0091-761300aBarium and barite dynamics in Antarctic streams0 aBarium and barite dynamics in Antarctic streams  c08/2018  a811 - 8140 v463 a<p>Most natural waters are undersaturated with respect to barite (BaSO4), and while much work has focused on the processes of microbially mediated barite precipitation in undersaturated solutions, particularly in marine environments, little documentation exists on the changes in barite saturation in stream waters. We examined ephemeral glacial meltwater streams in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, that undergo large variations in streamflow and temperature on both a diel and seasonal basis. We measured dissolved Ba in stream water in downstream transects and on a diel cycle, total Ba in stream sediments, algal mats, and lake sediments. Ba concentrations decreased downstream in all four transects, and mineral saturation modeling indicates these waters go from supersaturated to undersaturated with respect to barite in very short distances. Ba is concentrated in stream benthic algal mats at a factor less than observed in marine systems. Both seasonal and diel changes in stream water temperature affect the solubility of barite near glacial sources. Our work shows that both changing stream temperature and the presence of algal materials likely play significant roles in controlling Ba concentrations in polar streams.</p>1 aSaelens, Elsa, D.1 aGardner, Christopher, B.1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aWelch, Sue1 aLyons, Berry  uhttps://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/545184/Barium-and-barite-dynamics-in-Antarctic-streams02262nas a2200181   4500008004100000022001400041245010300055210006900158260001200227300001600239490000800255520165500263100002201918700001701940700001501957700002401972856008401996       2018                        eng d  a2169-895300aFe and Nutrients in Coastal Antarctic Streams: Implications for Primary Production in the Ross Sea0 aFe and Nutrients in Coastal Antarctic Streams Implications for P  c12/2018  a3507 - 35220 v1233 a<p>The Southern Ocean (SO) has been an area of biogeochemical interest due to the presence of macronutrients (N, P, and Si) but lack of the expected primary production response, which is thought to be primarily due to Fe limitation. Because primary production is associated with increased drawdown of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>, it is important to quantify the fluxes of Fe and other nutrients into the SO. Here we present data from subaerial streams that flow into the Ross Sea, a sector of the coastal SO. Water samples were collected in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, and analyzed for macronutrients and Fe to determine the potential impact of terrestrial water input on the biogeochemistry of coastal oceanic waters. The physiochemical forms of Fe were investigated through analysis of three operationally defined forms: acid-dissolvable Fe (no filtration), filterable Fe (&lt;0.4 μm), and dissolved Fe (&lt;0.2 μm). The combined average flux from two McMurdo Dry Valley streams was approximately 240 moles of filterable Fe per year. The dissolved fraction of Fe made up 18%&ndash;27% of the filterable Fe. The stream data yield an average filterable stoichiometry of N<sub>3</sub>P<sub>1</sub>Si<sub>100</sub>Fe<sub>0.8</sub>, which is substantially different from the planktonic composition and suggests that these streams are a potential source of Fe and P, relative to N and Si, to coastal phytoplankton communities. While the Fe flux from these streams is orders of magnitude less than estimated eolian and iceberg sources, terrestrial streams are expected to become a more significant source of Fe to the Ross Sea in the future.</p>1 aOlund, Sydney, A.1 aLyons, Berry1 aWelch, Sue1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.  uhttps://agupubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com/doi/full/10.1029/2017JG00435202094nas a2200241   4500008004100000245014400041210006900185260001200254490000600266520131100272653002001583653001401603653001701617653001501634653001501649653002401664653001301688653002201701100001701723700002201740700002401762856006601786       2018                        eng d00aThe impact of fossil fuel burning related to scientific activities in the                        McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: Revisited0 aimpact of fossil fuel burning related to scientific activities i  c04/20180 v63 a<p>&nbsp;</p><div title="Page 1"><div><div><p>Fossil fuel use associated with scienti c activities in the Taylor Valley, Antarctic has been examined to determine the fluxes of particulate organic and elemental carbon and nitrogen as well as NOx&nbsp;for the 2015&ndash;2016 austral summer field season. These carbon and nitrogen fluxes are compared to our previously published calculations for the 1997&ndash;1998 austral summer. In addition, we compile fossil fuel usage and resulting C and N fluxes from the major field camp in Taylor Valley, Lake Hoare Camp (LHC) from the late 1990&rsquo;s through 2017. In general, the annual fluxes do vary from year to year, but there is no significant trend, at least during the primary summer field season. There is indication that increasing the length of scientific operations does increase the C and N inputs via fossil fuel burning. This works supports our original results demonstrating that over long periods of time the anthropogenic flux of N from local fossil fuel burning could become quantitatively important in the region. Although the particulate C fluxes remain very low, the recent finding of black carbon in the Taylor Valley landscape indicates more on-going monitoring of the source of this material is merited.</p></div></div></div><p>&nbsp;</p>10acarbon dynamics10aemissions10afossil fuels10ahelicopter10amanagement10aMcMurdo Dry Valleys10anitrogen10ascience activites1 aLyons, Berry1 aSaelens, Elsa, D.1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.  uhttps://www.elementascience.org/article/10.1525/elementa.288/04038nas a2200205   4500008004100000245015700041210006900198260001200267300001600279490000800295520333900303100001903642700002103661700002403682700001503706700002403721700001703745700002403762856004603786       2018                        eng d00aNear-surface refractory black carbon observations in the atmosphere and snow in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica and potential impacts of foehn winds0 aNearsurface refractory black carbon observations in the atmosphe  c01/2018  a2877 - 28870 v1233 a<p><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 12pt;">Measurements of light absorbing particles in the boundary layer of the high southern latitudes are scarce, particularly in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV),&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">Antarctica. During the 2013 - 2014 austral summer near-surface boundary layer refractory black carbon (rBC) aerosols were measured in air by a single particle soot photometer (SP2) at multiple locations in the MDV. Near-continuous rBC atmospheric measurements were collected at Lake Hoare Camp (LH) over two months and for several hours at more remote locations away from established field camps. We investigated periods dominated by both up and down-valley winds to explore the causes of differences in rBC concentrations and size distributions. Snow samples were also collected in a 1m pit on a glacier near the camp. The range of concentrations rBC in snow were 0.3 </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">&ndash; </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">1.2 &plusmn; 0.3 μg-rBC/L-H</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; vertical-align: -1pt;">2</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">O, and total organic carbon were 0.3 </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">&ndash; </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">1.4 &plusmn; 0.3 mg/L. The rBC concentrations measured in this snow pit are not sufficient to reduce surface albedo, however, there is potential for accumulation of rBC on snow and ice surfaces at low elevation throughout the MDV which were not measured as part of this study. At LH, the average background rBC mass aerosol concentrations was 1.3 ng/m</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; vertical-align: 5pt;">3</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">. rBC aerosol mass concentrations were slightly lower, 0.09 </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">&ndash; </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">1.3 ng/m</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; vertical-align: 5pt;">3</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">, at the most remote sites in the MDV. Concentration spikes as high as 200 ng/m</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; vertical-align: 5pt;">3 </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">were observed at LH, associated with local activities. During a foehn wind event, the average rBC mass concentration increased to 30-50 ng m</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; vertical-align: 5pt;">-3</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">. Here we show the rBC increase could be due to resuspension of locally produced BC from generators, rocket toilets, and helicopters, which may remain on the soil surface until redistributed during high wind events. Quantification of local production and long-range atmospheric transport of rBC to the MDV is necessary for understanding the impacts of this species on regional climate.&nbsp;</span></p><p>&nbsp;</p>1 aKhan, Alia, L.1 aMcMeeking, Gavin1 aSchwarz, Joshua, P.1 aXian, Peng1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aLyons, Berry1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.  uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2017JD02769602937nas a2200157   4500008004100000245006000041210006000101260001200161300001400173490000700187520246500194100001702659700001402676700002402690856006502714       2017                        eng d00aCa isotopic geochemistry of an Antarctic aquatic system0 aCa isotopic geochemistry of an Antarctic aquatic system  c01/2017  a882 - 8910 v443 a<p><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: AdvTTe45e47d2;">The McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, are a polar desert ecosystem. The hydrologic system of the dry valleys is linked to climate with ephemeral streams that </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: &quot;AdvTTe45e47d2+fb&quot;;">fl</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: AdvTTe45e47d2;">ow from glacial melt during the austral summer. Past climate variations have strongly in</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: &quot;AdvTTe45e47d2+fb&quot;;">fl</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: AdvTTe45e47d2;">uenced the closed-basin, chemically strati</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: &quot;AdvTTe45e47d2+fb&quot;;">fi</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: AdvTTe45e47d2;">ed lakes on the valley </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: &quot;AdvTTe45e47d2+fb&quot;;">fl</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: AdvTTe45e47d2;">oor. Results of previous work point to important roles for both in-stream processes (e.g., mineral weathering, precipitation and dissolution of salts) and in-lake processes (e.g., mixing with paleo-seawater and calcite precipitation) in determining the geochemistry of these lakes. These processes have a signi</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: &quot;AdvTTe45e47d2+fb&quot;;">fi</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: AdvTTe45e47d2;">cant in</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: &quot;AdvTTe45e47d2+fb&quot;;">fl</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: AdvTTe45e47d2;">uence on calcium (Ca) biogeochemistry in this aquatic ecosystem, and thus variations in Ca stable isotope compositions of the waters can aid in validating the importance of these processes. We have analyzed the Ca stable isotope compositions of streams and lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. The results validate the important roles of weathering of aluminosilicate minerals and/or CaCO</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTTe45e47d2; vertical-align: -2pt;">3 </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: AdvTTe45e47d2;">in the hyporheic zone of the streams, and mixing of lake surface water with paleo-seawater and precipitation of Ca-salts during cryo-concentration events to form the deep lake waters. The lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys evolved following different geochemical pathways, evidenced by their unique, nonsystematic Ca isotope signatures.&nbsp;</span></p>1 aLyons, Berry1 aBullen, T1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.  uhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL071169/full03797nas a2200157   4500008004100000245012100041210007100162260001200233300001600245490000700261520325100268100001703519700002403536700001703560856006203577       2017                        eng d00aA temporal stable isotopic (δ18O, δD, d-excess) comparison in glacier meltwater streams, Taylor Valley, Antarctica0 atemporal stable isotopic δ18O δD dexcess comparison in glacier m  c08/2017  a3069 - 30830 v313 a<p><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: AdvTTa9c1b374;">In this paper, we describe the importance of hyporheic dynamics within Andersen Creek and Von Guerard Stream, Taylor Valley, Antarctica, from the 2010</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: &quot;AdvTTa9c1b374+20&quot;;">&ndash;</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: AdvTTa9c1b374;">2011 melt season using natural tracers. Water collection started at flow onset and continued, with weekly hyporheic</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: &quot;AdvTTa9c1b374+20&quot;;">‐</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: AdvTTa9c1b374;">zone sampling. The water </span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: &quot;AdvTTa9c1b374+03&quot;;">δ</span><span style="font-size: 6pt; font-family: AdvTTa9c1b374; vertical-align: 4pt;">18</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: AdvTTa9c1b374;">O and </span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: &quot;AdvTTa9c1b374+03&quot;;">δ</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: AdvTTa9c1b374;">D values were isotopically lighter in the beginning and heavier later in the season. D</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: &quot;AdvTTa9c1b374+20&quot;;">‐</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: AdvTTa9c1b374;">excess measurements were used as an indicator of mixing because an evaporative signature was evident and distinguishable between 2 primary end</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: &quot;AdvTTa9c1b374+20&quot;;">‐</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: AdvTTa9c1b374;">members (glacier meltwater and hyporheic zone). Hyporheic</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: &quot;AdvTTa9c1b374+20&quot;;">‐</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: AdvTTa9c1b374;">zone influence on the channel water was variable with a strong control on streamwater chemistry, except at highest discharges. This work supports previous research indicating that Von Guerard Stream has a large, widespread hyporheic zone that varies in size with time and discharge. Andersen Creek, with a smaller hyporheic zone, displayed hyporheic</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: &quot;AdvTTa9c1b374+20&quot;;">‐</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: AdvTTa9c1b374;">zone solute interaction through the influence from subsurface hypersaline flow. Overall, the evolution of Taylor Valley hyporheic</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: &quot;AdvTTa9c1b374+20&quot;;">‐</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: AdvTTa9c1b374;">zone hydrology is described seasonally. In mid</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: &quot;AdvTTa9c1b374+20&quot;;">‐</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: AdvTTa9c1b374;">December, the hyporheic zone is a dynamic system exchanging with the glacier meltwater in the channel, and with diminishing flow in January, the hyporheic zone drains back into the channel flow also impacting stream chemistry. This work adds new information on the role of hyporheic zone</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: &quot;AdvTTa9c1b374+20&quot;;">&ndash;</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: AdvTTa9c1b374;">stream interaction in these glacier meltwater streams.&nbsp;</span></p>1 aLeslie, D.L.1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aLyons, Berry  uhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hyp.11245/full00939nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245011900055210006900174260001200243100001600255700002000271700002200291700002100313700002500334700002000359700002400379700001700403700002200420700002400442856025500466       2016                        eng d  a0722-406000aEvidence for dispersal and habitat controls on pond diatom communities from the McMurdo Sound Region of Antarctica0 aEvidence for dispersal and habitat controls on pond diatom commu  c02/20161 aSakaeva, A.1 aSokol, Eric, R.1 aKohler, Tyler, J.1 aStanish, Lee, F.1 aSpaulding, Sarah, A.1 aHowkins, Adrian1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aLyons, Berry1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.  uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00300-016-1901-6http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00300-016-1901-6http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00300-016-1901-6.pdfhttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00300-016-1901-6/fulltext.html01836nas a2200193   4500008004100000245013000041210006900171260001200240300001600252490000700268520116600275100002501441700002401466700002001490700002401510700002401534700001701558856006701575       2016                        eng d00aStream biogeochemical and suspended sediment responses to permafrost degradation in stream banks in Taylor Valley, Antarctica0 aStream biogeochemical and suspended sediment responses to permaf  c03/2016  a1723 - 17320 v133 a<p><span style="color: rgb(106, 106, 106); font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">&nbsp;Stream channels in the McMurdo Dry Valleys are characteristically wide, incised, and stable. At typical flows, streams occupy a fraction of the oversized channels, providing habitat for algal mats. In January 2012, we discovered substantial channel erosion and subsurface thermomechanical erosion undercutting banks of the Crescent Stream. We sampled stream water along the impacted reach and compared concentrations of solutes to the long-term data from this stream (&thinsp;&sim;&thinsp; 20 years of monitoring). Thermokarst-impacted stream water demonstrated higher electrical conductivity, and concentrations of chloride, sulfate, sodium, and nitrate than the long-term medians. These results suggest that this mode of lateral permafrost degradation may substantially impact stream solute loads and potentially fertilize stream and lake ecosystems. The potential for sediment to scour or bury stream algal mats is yet to be determined, though it may offset impacts of associated increased nutrient loads to streams.</span></p>1 aGooseff, Michael, N.1 aVan Horn, David, J.1 aSudman, Zachary1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aLyons, Berry  uhttp://www.biogeosciences.net/13/1723/2016/bg-13-1723-2016.pdf03321nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245008600055210006900141260001200210300001600222490000700238520262100245100001702866700002302883700002402906700002502930700001502955700002402970856012102994       2015                        eng d  a0091-761300aAntarctic streams as a potential source of iron for the Southern Ocean: Figure 1.0 aAntarctic streams as a potential source of iron for the Southern  c11/2016  a1003 - 10060 v433 a<p><span style="color: rgb(64, 56, 56); font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: justify;">Due to iron&rsquo;s role in oceanic primary production, there has been great interest in quantifying the importance of Fe in regions where concentrations are very low and macronutrients, nitrate and phosphate, are available. Measurements of filterable (i.e., &lt;0.4 μm) Fe concentrations in streams from Taylor Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, suggest that coastal-zone stream Fe input to the Southern Ocean could potentially play an important role in primary production in nearshore regions. Filterable Fe (fFe) data from streams in the McMurdo Dry Valleys were used to represent glacier meltwater that flows through ice-free landscape with the potential of transporting Fe to the Antarctic coastal zone. Estimates of potential fFe flux to the Antarctic Peninsula region using our mean fFe concentration of 10.6 &micro;g L</span><sup style="outline-style: none; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 0; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 56, 56);">&ndash;1</sup><span style="color: rgb(64, 56, 56); font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: justify;">&nbsp;combined with an estimate of ice-free area for the Antarctic Peninsula result in an fFe flux of 1.2 &times; 10</span><sup style="outline-style: none; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 0; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 56, 56);">7</sup><span style="color: rgb(64, 56, 56); font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: justify;">&nbsp;g yr</span><sup style="outline-style: none; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 0; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 56, 56);">&ndash;1</sup><span style="color: rgb(64, 56, 56); font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: justify;">. Although small compared to iceberg and aeolian Fe fluxes, future stream input to the Southern Ocean could increase due to glacier retreat and&nbsp;</span></p>1 aLyons, Berry1 aDailey, Kelsey, R.1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aDeuerling, Kelly, M.1 aWelch, Sue1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.  uhttp://geology.gsapubs.org/lookup/doi/10.1130/G36989.1http://geology.geoscienceworld.org/lookup/doi/10.1130/G36989.108594nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001300041245020300054210006900257260001200326300001400338490000800352520755800360100001907918700002407937700002007961700002407981700002308005700002308028700001708051700002708068700002708095856023008122       2015                        eng d  a0009254100aComparison of arsenic and molybdenum geochemistry in meromictic lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: Implications for oxyanion-forming trace element behavior in permanently stratified lakes0 aComparison of arsenic and molybdenum geochemistry in meromictic   c05/2015  a110 - 1250 v4043 a<p><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Segoe UI Symbol', STIXGeneral, 'Cambria Math', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23.6800003051758px; word-spacing: -1.24453127384186px;">Water samples were collected for arsenic (As) and molybdenum (Mo) analysis from different depths in Lakes Hoare and Fryxell, both of which are located in the Taylor Valley within the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. Sampling depths within each lake were chosen to capture variations in As and Mo concentrations and As speciation in the oxic mixolimnia and anoxic monimolimnia of these meromictic lakes. Arsenic concentrations ranged from 0.67&nbsp;nmol&nbsp;kg</span><sup style="font-size: 0.75em; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Segoe UI Symbol', STIXGeneral, 'Cambria Math', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif; line-height: 0; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-spacing: -1.24453127384186px;">&minus;&nbsp;1</sup><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Segoe UI Symbol', STIXGeneral, 'Cambria Math', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23.6800003051758px; word-spacing: -1.24453127384186px;">&nbsp;to 3.54&nbsp;nmol&nbsp;kg</span><sup style="font-size: 0.75em; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Segoe UI Symbol', STIXGeneral, 'Cambria Math', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif; line-height: 0; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-spacing: -1.24453127384186px;">&minus;&nbsp;1</sup><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Segoe UI Symbol', STIXGeneral, 'Cambria Math', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23.6800003051758px; word-spacing: -1.24453127384186px;">&nbsp;in Lake Hoare and from 1.69&nbsp;nmol&nbsp;kg</span><sup style="font-size: 0.75em; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Segoe UI Symbol', STIXGeneral, 'Cambria Math', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif; line-height: 0; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-spacing: -1.24453127384186px;">&minus;&nbsp;1</sup><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Segoe UI Symbol', STIXGeneral, 'Cambria Math', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23.6800003051758px; word-spacing: -1.24453127384186px;">&nbsp;to 17.5&nbsp;nmol&nbsp;kg</span><sup style="font-size: 0.75em; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Segoe UI Symbol', STIXGeneral, 'Cambria Math', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif; line-height: 0; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-spacing: -1.24453127384186px;">&minus;&nbsp;1</sup><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Segoe UI Symbol', STIXGeneral, 'Cambria Math', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23.6800003051758px; word-spacing: -1.24453127384186px;">&nbsp;in Lake Fryxell. Molybdenum concentrations varied between 5.05&nbsp;nmol&nbsp;kg</span><sup style="font-size: 0.75em; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Segoe UI Symbol', STIXGeneral, 'Cambria Math', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif; line-height: 0; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-spacing: -1.24453127384186px;">&minus;&nbsp;1</sup><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Segoe UI Symbol', STIXGeneral, 'Cambria Math', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23.6800003051758px; word-spacing: -1.24453127384186px;">&nbsp;and 43&nbsp;nmol&nbsp;kg</span><sup style="font-size: 0.75em; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Segoe UI Symbol', STIXGeneral, 'Cambria Math', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif; line-height: 0; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-spacing: -1.24453127384186px;">&minus;&nbsp;1</sup><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Segoe UI Symbol', STIXGeneral, 'Cambria Math', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23.6800003051758px; word-spacing: -1.24453127384186px;">&nbsp;in Lake Hoare, and between 3.52&nbsp;nmol&nbsp;kg</span><sup style="font-size: 0.75em; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Segoe UI Symbol', STIXGeneral, 'Cambria Math', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif; line-height: 0; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-spacing: -1.24453127384186px;">&minus;&nbsp;1</sup><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Segoe UI Symbol', STIXGeneral, 'Cambria Math', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23.6800003051758px; word-spacing: -1.24453127384186px;">&nbsp;and 25.5&nbsp;nmol&nbsp;kg</span><sup style="font-size: 0.75em; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Segoe UI Symbol', STIXGeneral, 'Cambria Math', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif; line-height: 0; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-spacing: -1.24453127384186px;">&minus;&nbsp;1</sup><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Segoe UI Symbol', STIXGeneral, 'Cambria Math', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23.6800003051758px; word-spacing: -1.24453127384186px;">&nbsp;in Lake Fryxell. Concentrations of As and Mo generally increased with depth in the mixolimnion of each lake, consistent with uptake near the ice&ndash;water interface by organic particles and/or Fe/Mn oxides/oxyhydroxides, followed by gravitational settling and regeneration/remineralization at depth in the vicinity of the redoxcline. Arsenic concentrations either remained constant (Hoare) or increased with depth (Fryxell) in the anoxic monimolimnia, whereas Mo exhibited dramatic decreases in concentrations across the redoxcline in both lakes. Geochemical modeling predicts that As and Mo occur as thioanions in the anoxic bottom waters of Lakes Hoare and Fryxell, and further that the contrasting behavior of both trace elements reflects the respective reactivity of their thioanions towards Fe-sulfide minerals such as mackinawite (FeS) and/or pyrite (FeS</span><sub style="font-size: 0.75em; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Segoe UI Symbol', STIXGeneral, 'Cambria Math', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif; line-height: 0; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); word-spacing: -1.24453127384186px;">2</sub><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Segoe UI Symbol', STIXGeneral, 'Cambria Math', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23.6800003051758px; word-spacing: -1.24453127384186px;">). More specifically, the geochemical model suggests that Fe-sulfide mineral precipitation in the anoxic monimolimnia of both lakes regulates dissolved sulfide concentrations at levels that are too low for As-sulfide minerals (e.g., orpiment, realgar) to precipitate, whereas mackinawite and/or pyrite react(s) with particle reactive thiomolybdate anions, possibly forming an Fe&ndash;Mo&ndash;S mineral that precipitates and, hence, leads to Mo removal from solution.</span></p>1 aYang, Ningfang1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aMohajerin, Jade1 aTelfeyan, Katherine1 aChevis, Darren, A.1 aGrimm, Deborah, A.1 aLyons, Berry1 aWhite, Christopher, D.1 aJohannesson, Karen, H.  uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0009254115001874http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0009254115001874?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0009254115001874?httpAccept=text/plain01522nas a2200181   4500008004100000022001400041245007100055210006900126260001200195300001400207490000700221520096100228100002101189700002401210700001701234700002401251856006501275       2015                        eng d  a0954-102000aExperimental formation of pore fluids in McMurdo Dry Valleys soils0 aExperimental formation of pore fluids in McMurdo Dry Valleys soi  c04/2015  a163 - 1710 v273 a<p>The aim of the study was to determine if soil salt deliquescence and brine hydration can occur under laboratory conditions using natural McMurdo Dry Valleys soils. The experiment was a laboratory analogue for the formation of isolated patches of hypersaline, damp soil, referred to as &lsquo;wet patches&rsquo;. Soils were oven dried and then hydrated in one of two humidity chambers: one at 100% relative humidity and the second at 75% relative humidity. Soil hydration is highly variable, and over the course of 20 days of hydration, ranged from increases in water content by mass from 0&ndash;16% for 122 soil samples from Taylor Valley. The rate and absolute amount of soil hydration correlates well with the soluble salt content of the soils but not with grain size distribution. This suggests that the formation of bulk pore waters in these soils is a consequence of salt deliquescence and hydration of the brine from atmospheric water vapour.</p>1 aLevy, Joseph, S.1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aLyons, Berry1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.  uhttp://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S095410201400047906572nas a2200169   4500008004100000245008400041210006900125520601300194100001906207700002406226700001506250700001906265700001706284700002106301700002406322856005606346       2015                        eng d00aPatterns and processes of salt efflorescences in the McMurdo region, Antarctica0 aPatterns and processes of salt efflorescences in the McMurdo reg3 a<p><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Evaporite salts are abundant around the McMurdo region, Antarctica (~78&deg;S) due to very low precipitation, low relative humidity, and limited overland flow. Hygroscopic salts in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDVs) are preferentially formed in locations where liquid water is present in the austral summer, including along ephemeral streams, ice-covered lake boundaries, or shallow groundwater tracks. In this study, we collected salts from the Miers, Garwood, and Taylor Valleys on the Antarctic continent, as well as around McMurdo Station on Ross Island in close proximity to water sources with the goal of understanding salt geochemistry in relationship to the hydrology of the area. Halite is ubiquitous; sodium is the major cation (ranging from 70%&ndash;90% of cations by meq kg</span><sup style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">&minus;1</sup><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">&nbsp;sediment) and chloride is the major anion (&gt;50%) in nearly all samples. However, a wide variety of salt phases and morphologies are tentatively identified through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) work. We present new data that identifies trona (Na</span><sub style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3</sub><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">(CO</span><sub style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3</sub><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">)(HCO</span><sub style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3</sub><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">)&middot;2H</span><sub style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2</sub><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">O), tentative gaylussite (Na</span><sub style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2</sub><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Ca(CO</span><sub style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3</sub><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">)</span><sub style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2</sub><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">&middot;5H</span><sub style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2</sub><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">O), and tentative glauberite (Na</span><sub style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2</sub><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Ca(SO</span><sub style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4</sub><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">)</span><sub style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2</sub><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">) in the MDV, of which the later one has not been documented previously. Our work allows for the evaluation of processes that influence brine evolution on a local scale, consequently informing assumptions underlying large-scale processes (such as paleoclimate) in the MDV. Hydrological modeling conducted in FREZCHEM and PHREEQC suggests that a model based on aerosol deposition alone in low elevations on the valley floor inadequately characterizes salt distributions found on the surfaces of the soil because it does not account for other hydrologic inputs/outputs. Implications for the salt distributions include their use as tracers for paleolake levels, geochemical tracers of ephemeral water tracks or &ldquo;wet patches&rdquo; in the soil, indicators of chemical weathering products, and potential delineators of ecological communities.</span></p>1 aBisson, K., M.1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aWelch, Sue1 aSheets, J., M.1 aLyons, Berry1 aLevy, Joseph, S.1 aFountain, Andrew, G  uhttp://aaarjournal.org/doi/abs/10.1657/AAAR0014-02402527nas a2200181   4500008004100000245016700041210006900208260001200277300001600289490000700305520184500312100002102157700002402178700002402202700002102226700001702247856008102264       2015                        eng d00aPressure-driven, shoreline currents in a perennially ice-covered, pro-glacial lake in Antarctica, identified from a LiCl tracer injected into a pro-glacial stream0 aPressuredriven shoreline currents in a perennially icecovered pr  c05-2015  a2212 - 22310 v293 a<p><span style="font-family: Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Geneva, Verdana, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;">The distribution of streamwater within ice-covered lakes influences sub-ice currents, biological activity and shoreline morphology. Perennially ice-covered lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, provide an excellent natural laboratory to study hydrologic&ndash;limnologic interactions under ice cover. For a 2&thinsp;h period on 17 December 2012, we injected a lithium chloride tracer into Andersen Creek, a pro-glacial stream flowing into Lake Hoare. Over 4&thinsp;h, we collected 182 water samples from five stream sites and 15 ice boreholes. Geochemical data showed that interflow travelled West of the stream mouth along the shoreline and did not flow towards the lake interior. The chemistry of water from Andersen Creek was similar to the chemistry of water below shoreline ice. Additional evidence for Westward flow included the morphology of channels on the ice surface, the orientation of ripple marks in lake sediments at the stream mouth and equivalent temperatures between Andersen Creek and water below shoreline ice. Streamwater deflected to the right of the mouth of the stream, in the opposite direction predicted by the Coriolis force. Deflection of interflow was probably caused by the diurnal addition of glacial runoff and stream discharge to the Eastern edge of the lake, which created a strong pressure gradient sloping to the West. This flow directed stream momentum away from the lake interior, minimizing the impact of stream momentum on sub-ice currents. It also transported dissolved nutrients and suspended sediments to the shoreline region instead of the lake interior, potentially affecting biological productivity and bedform development.</span></p>1 aCastendyk, Devin1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aNiebuhr, Spencer1 aJaros, Chris  uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/hyp.v29.9http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/hyp.1035204850nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001300041245007600054210006900130260001200199300001400211490000800225520403500233100001704268700001704285700002204302700001904324700001404343700002404357700002104381856023004402       2014                        eng d  a0009254100aBoron isotopic geochemistry of the McMurdo Dry Valley lakes, Antarctica0 aBoron isotopic geochemistry of the McMurdo Dry Valley lakes Anta  c10/2014  a152 - 1640 v3863 a<p>&nbsp;</p><div class="sgfNoTitleBar sgfNoGadgetBorder svDoNotLink ui-sortable" id="SD_BA1P" style="font-size: 16px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Segoe UI Symbol', STIXGeneral, 'Cambria Math', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); line-height: 23.6800003051758px;"><div class="containerApplOver invisible" id="SD_BA1P_298231" style="margin-top: 5px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; visibility: hidden; position: absolute;"><div class="containerAppDetails " id="maincontremote_iframe_0" style="border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: none; border-color: rgb(227, 227, 227); width: 300px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">&lt;iframe id=&quot;remote_iframe_0&quot; name=&quot;remote_iframe_0&quot; src=&quot;http://sciverse-shindig.elsevier.com/gadgets/ifr?container=default&amp;mid=0&amp;nocache=1&amp;country=ALL&amp;lang=ALL&amp;view=profile&amp;parent=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS000925411400391X%3Fnp%3Dy%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com&amp;up_SiteCatalyst=http%3A%2F%2Fcdn.els-cdn.com%2Fgadgets%2Fprod%2Fjs%2Fv3%2Fs_code_1.js&amp;up_Beacon=http%3A%2F%2Fcdn.els-cdn.com%2Fgadgets%2Fprod%2Fjs%2Fv1%2Fs_beacon.js&amp;up_doi=10.1016%252Fj.chemgeo.2014.08.016&amp;up_gadgetId=298231&amp;st=john.doe:john.doe:appid:cont:url:0:default&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fae-content.elsevier.com%2Fsvapp%2F298231%2Fprod%2Fprivate%2Fspec.xml#rpctoken=300295446&quot; &quot;=&quot;&quot; frameborder=&quot;no&quot; scrolling=&quot;auto&quot; height=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; style=&quot;height: 0px;&quot;&gt;</div></div></div><div class="abstract svAbstract " data-etype="ab" style="font-size: 16px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Segoe UI Symbol', STIXGeneral, 'Cambria Math', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif; color: rgb(46, 46, 46); line-height: 23.6800003051758px;"><p id="sp0005" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 9px; word-spacing: -0.15ex;">The geochemistry of boron was investigated in the ice-covered lakes and glacier meltwater streams within Taylor and Wright Valley of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MCM), Antarctica, in order to achieve a greater understanding of the source of boron to these aquatic systems and how in-lake processes control boron concentration. Selected lake depths (surface and bottom water) and streams were analyzed for boron geochemistry. Boron stable isotope values in these waters span the range of +&nbsp;12.3&permil; to +&nbsp;51.4&permil;, which corresponds to the variations from glacier meltwater streams to the hypolimnion of a highly evaporated hypersaline lake. The data demonstrate that the major sources of B to the aquatic system are via terrestrial chemical weathering of aluminosilicates within the stream channels, and a marine source, either currently being introduced by marine-derived aerosols or in the form of ancient seawater. Lakes Fryxell, Hoare, and upper waters of Lake Joyce, which experience more terrestrial influence of aluminosilicate chemical weathering via glacial meltwater streams, display a mixture of these two major sources, while the source of B in the bottom waters of Lake Joyce appears to be primarily of marine origin. Lakes Bonney and Vanda and the Blood Falls brine have a marine-like source whose δ<sup style="font-size: 0.75em; line-height: 0;">11</sup>B values have become more positive by mineral precipitation and/or adsorption. Don Juan Pond displays a terrestrial aluminosilicate influence of a marine-like source. These hypersaline lake waters from Antarctica are similar in δ<sup style="font-size: 0.75em; line-height: 0;">11</sup>B to other hypersaline lake waters globally, suggesting that similar processes control their B geochemistry.</p><div>&nbsp;</div></div><p>&nbsp;</p>1 aLeslie, D.L.1 aLyons, Berry1 aWarner, Nathaniel1 aVengosh, Avner1 aOlesik, J1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aDeuerling, Kelly  uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000925411400391Xhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S000925411400391X?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S000925411400391X?httpAccept=text/plain00663nas a2200193   4500008004100000245008400041210006900125260001200194300001200206490000700218100001700225700001700242700001700259700001900276700002400295700001900319700002400338856010700362       2013                        eng d00aThe carbon stable isotope biogeochemistry of streams, Taylor Valley, Antarctica0 acarbon stable isotope biogeochemistry of streams Taylor Valley A  c05/2013  a26 - 360 v321 aLyons, Berry1 aLeslie, D.L.1 aHarmon, R.S.1 aNeumann, Klaus1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aBisson, K., M.1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/carbon-stable-isotope-biogeochemistry-streams-taylor-valley-antarctica00735nas a2200181   4500008004100000245015100041210006900192260001200261300001400273490000700287100002300294700002000317700002400337700002400361700002400385700001700409856012700426       2013                        eng d00aDo Cryoconite Holes have the Potential to be Significant Sources of C, N, and P to Downstream Depauperate Ecosystems of Taylor Valley, Antarctica?0 aDo Cryoconite Holes have the Potential to be Significant Sources  c11/2013  a440 - 4540 v451 aBagshaw, Elizabeth1 aTranter, Martyn1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aBasagic, Hassan, J.1 aLyons, Berry  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/do-cryoconite-holes-have-potential-be-significant-sources-c-n-and-p-downstream-depauperate00638nas a2200169   4500008004100000245013200041210006900173260001200242300001600254490000800270100002100278700002400299700002100323700002400344700001700368856008300385       2013                        eng d00aGarwood Valley, Antarctica: A new record of Last Glacial Maximum to Holocene glaciofluvial processes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys0 aGarwood Valley Antarctica A new record of Last Glacial Maximum t  c09/2013  a1484 - 15020 v1251 aLevy, Joseph, S.1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aO'Connor, J., E.1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aLyons, Berry  uhttp://bulletin.geoscienceworld.org/content/early/2013/06/07/B30783.1.abstract00730nas a2200193   4500008004100000245009900041210006900140300001100209100002100220700002400241700002500265700002200290700002200312700002400334700001700358700002200375700002000397856011900417       2013                        eng d00aWater track modification of soil ecosystems in the Lake Hoare basin, Taylor Valley, Antarctica0 aWater track modification of soil ecosystems in the Lake Hoare ba  a1 - 101 aLevy, Joseph, S.1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aGooseff, Michael, N.1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aVantreese, Robert1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aLyons, Berry1 aNielsen, Uffe, N.1 aWall, Diana, H.  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/water-track-modification-soil-ecosystems-lake-hoare-basin-taylor-valley-antarctica00619nas a2200193   4500008004100000245006400041210005800105260001100163300001100174490000700185100001700192700002400209700002900233700001700262700002400279700001600303700002100319856008500340       2012                        eng d00aThe geochemistry of upland ponds, Taylor Valley, Antarctica0 ageochemistry of upland ponds Taylor Valley Antarctica  c2/2012  a3 - 140 v241 aLyons, Berry1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aGardner, Christopher, B.1 aJaros, Chris1 aMoorhead, Daryl, L.1 aKnoepfle, J1 aDoran, Peter, T.  uhttp://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=848335100514nas a2200145   4500008004100000245006300041210005600104260001200160490000700172100002100179700002400200700002400224700001700248856010300265       2012                        eng d00aHypersaline “wet patches” in Taylor Valley, Antarctica0 aHypersaline wet patches in Taylor Valley Antarctica  c03/20120 v391 aLevy, Joseph, S.1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aLyons, Berry  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/hypersaline-%E2%80%9Cwet-patches%E2%80%9D-taylor-valley-antarctica00630nas a2200169   4500008004100000245013600041210006900177260001200246300001400258490000800272100002100280700002400301700002500325700002400350700001700374856006900391       2011                        eng d00aWater tracks and permafrost in Taylor Valley, Antarctica: Extensive and shallow groundwater connectivity in a cold desert ecosystem0 aWater tracks and permafrost in Taylor Valley Antarctica Extensiv  c11/2011  a2295-23110 v1231 aLevy, Joseph, S.1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aGooseff, Michael, N.1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aLyons, Berry  uhttp://bulletin.geoscienceworld.org/content/123/11-12/2295.short00685nas a2200193   4500008004100000245010500041210006900146260001200215300001400227490000700241100002400248700001700272700001900289700002900308700002500337700002400362700002100386856008400407       2010                        eng d00aSpatial variations in the geochemistry of glacial meltwater streams in the Taylor Valley, Antarctica0 aSpatial variations in the geochemistry of glacial meltwater stre  c12/2010  a662 - 6720 v221 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aLyons, Berry1 aWhisner, Carla1 aGardner, Christopher, B.1 aGooseff, Michael, N.1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.1 aPriscu, John, C.  uhttp://www.montana.edu/lkbonney/DOCS/Publications/WelchEtAl2010Geochemistry.pdf00627nas a2200157   4500008004100000245011700041210006900158300001400227490000700241100001500248700001800263700002100281700002100302700002400323856012200347       2009                        eng d00aComposition and Biodegradation of a Synthetic Oil Spilled on the Perennial Ice Cover of Lake Fryxell, Antarctica0 aComposition and Biodegradation of a Synthetic Oil Spilled on the  a2708-27130 v431 aJaraula, C1 aKenig, Fabien1 aDoran, Peter, T.1 aPriscu, John, C.1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/composition-and-biodegradation-synthetic-oil-spilled-perennial-ice-cover-lake-fryxell00645nas a2200157   4500008004100000245012900041210006900170300001200239490000800251100001500259700001800274700002100292700002100313700002400334856012900358       2008                        eng d00aSPME-GCMS study of the natural attenuation of aviation diesel spilled on the perennial ice cover of Lake Fryxell, Antarctica0 aSPMEGCMS study of the natural attenuation of aviation diesel spi  a250-2620 v4071 aJaraula, C1 aKenig, Fabien1 aDoran, Peter, T.1 aPriscu, John, C.1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/spme-gcms-study-natural-attenuation-aviation-diesel-spilled-perennial-ice-cover-lake-fryxell00637nas a2200169   4500008004100000245009400041210006900135300001100204490000800215100002300223700002000246700002400266700002400290700002400314700001700338856011200355       2007                        eng d00aThe biogeochemical evolution of cryoconite holes on glaciers in Taylor Valley, Antarctica0 abiogeochemical evolution of cryoconite holes on glaciers in Tayl  aG04S350 v1131 aBagshaw, Elizabeth1 aTranter, Martyn1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aBasagic, Hassan, J.1 aLyons, Berry  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/biogeochemical-evolution-cryoconite-holes-glaciers-taylor-valley-antarctica00393nas a2200121   4500008004100000245004600041210004600087490000700133100001700140700002400157700001500181856007500196       2007                        eng d00aOrganic carbon in Antarctic precipitation0 aOrganic carbon in Antarctic precipitation0 v341 aLyons, Berry1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aDoggett, J  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/organic-carbon-antarctic-precipitation00763nas a2200205   4500008004100000245013200041210006900173260001200242300001200254490000700266100002400273700002000297700002400317700002000341700001600361700002400377700001700401700001900418856012000437       2007                        eng d00aReactivation of a cryptobiotic stream ecosystem in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: A long-term geomorphological experiment0 aReactivation of a cryptobiotic stream ecosystem in the McMurdo D  c09/2007  a186-2040 v891 aMcKnight, Diane, M.1 aTate, Cathy, M.1 aAndrews, Edmund, D.1 aNiyogi, Dev, K.1 aCozzetto, K1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aLyons, Berry1 aCapone, D., G.  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/reactivation-cryptobiotic-stream-ecosystem-mcmurdo-dry-valleys-antarctica-long-term00599nas a2200181   4500008004100000245009400041210006900135260001200204300001200216490000800228653002100236100001400257700002000271700002400291700001700315700002400332856006100356       2007                        eng d00aSolute and isotope geochemistry of subsurface ice melt seeps in Taylor Valley, Antarctica0 aSolute and isotope geochemistry of subsurface ice melt seeps in   c01/2007  a548-5550 v11910aClimate Response1 aHarris, K1 aCarey, Anne, E.1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aLyons, Berry1 aFountain, Andrew, G  uhttp://gsabulletin.gsapubs.org/content/119/5-6/548.short00754nas a2200205   4500008004100000245012400041210006900165300001200234490000700246100001600253700001500269700002400284700001700308700002300325700001300348700002200361700001500383700002400398856012600422       2006                        eng d00aThe aeolian flux of calcium, chloride and nitrate to the McMurdo Dry Valleys landscape: Evidence from snow pit analysis0 aaeolian flux of calcium chloride and nitrate to the McMurdo Dry   a497-5050 v181 aWitherow, R1 aBertler, N1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aLyons, Berry1 aMayewski, Paul, A.1 aSneed, S1 aNylen, Thomas, H.1 aHandley, M1 aFountain, Andrew, G  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/aeolian-flux-calcium-chloride-and-nitrate-mcmurdo-dry-valleys-landscape-evidence-snow-pit00563nas a2200169   4500008004100000245004600041210004600087260003400133100001700167700002800184700002400212700002100236700002000257700001800277700002000295856007800315       2006                        eng d00aAntarctic lake systems and climate change0 aAntarctic lake systems and climate change  aDordrecht, The NetherlandsbS1 aLyons, Berry1 aLaybourn-Parry, Johanna1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aPriscu, John, C.1 aBergstrom, D.M.1 aConvey, Peter1 aHuiskes, A.H.L.  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/antarctic-lake-systems-and-climate-change00648nas a2200157   4500008004100000245012800041210006900169300001000238490000700248100002000255700002400275700001700299700002200316700002400338856012800362       2005                        eng d00aThe chemical composition of runoff from Canada Glacier, Antarctica: implications for glacier hydrology during a cool summer0 achemical composition of runoff from Canada Glacier Antarctica im  a15-190 v401 aTranter, Martyn1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aLyons, Berry1 aNylen, Thomas, H.1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/chemical-composition-runoff-canada-glacier-antarctica-implications-glacier-hydrology-during00618nas a2200181   4500008004100000245006900041210006800110300000900178490000700187100001700194700002100211700002400232700001400256700002300270700002100293700002400314856009800338       2005                        eng d00aDating water and solute additions to ice-covered Antarctic lakes0 aDating water and solute additions to icecovered Antarctic lakes  aA7200 v691 aLyons, Berry1 aDowling, Carolyn1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aSnyder, G1 aPoreda, Robert, J.1 aDoran, Peter, T.1 aFountain, Andrew, G  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/dating-water-and-solute-additions-ice-covered-antarctic-lakes00646nas a2200157   4500008004100000245013500041210006900176300001200245490000700257100001900264700002000283700002400303700001700327700002400344856012000368       2005                        eng d00aThe Geochemistry of Supraglacial Streams of Canada Glacier, Taylor Valley (Antarctica), and their Evolution into Proglacial Waters0 aGeochemistry of Supraglacial Streams of Canada Glacier Taylor Va  a391-4120 v111 aFortner, Sarah1 aTranter, Martyn1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aLyons, Berry1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/geochemistry-supraglacial-streams-canada-glacier-taylor-valley-antarctica-and-their00711nas a2200205   4500008004100000245008900041210006900130300001200199490000700211100001700218700002400235700002000259700002000279700002300299700002400322700002100346700001400367700001500381856010900396       2005                        eng d00aGroundwater seeps in Taylor Valley Antarctica: An example of a subsurface melt event0 aGroundwater seeps in Taylor Valley Antarctica An example of a su  a200-2060 v401 aLyons, Berry1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aCarey, Anne, E.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aDoran, Peter, T.1 aCsatho, B1 aTremper, C  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/groundwater-seeps-taylor-valley-antarctica-example-subsurface-melt-event00681nas a2200181   4500008004100000245012100041210006900162300001200231490000700243100001700250700002400267700001400291700001400305700001400319700001900333700002300352856012400375       2005                        eng d00aHalogen geochemistry of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Lakes, Antarctica: clues to the origin of solutes and lake evolution0 aHalogen geochemistry of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Lakes Antarctica  a305-3230 v691 aLyons, Berry1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aSnyder, G1 aOlesik, J1 aGraham, E1 aMarion, G., M.1 aPoreda, Robert, J.  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/halogen-geochemistry-mcmurdo-dry-valleys-lakes-antarctica-clues-origin-solutes-and-lake00677nas a2200181   4500008004100000245009700041210006900138300001000207490000600217100002000223700002400243700002700267700001700294700002100311700001600332700002400348856012300372       2005                        eng d00aPerturbation of hydrochemical conditions in natural microcosms entombed within Antarctic ice0 aPerturbation of hydrochemical conditions in natural microcosms e  a22-230 v61 aTranter, Martyn1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aFritsen, Christian, H.1 aLyons, Berry1 aPriscu, John, C.1 aStratham, P1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/perturbation-hydrochemical-conditions-natural-microcosms-entombed-within-antarctic-ice00642nas a2200145   4500008004100000245014700041210006900188490000700257100001900264700001700283700002100300700002500321700002400346856012600370       2004                        eng d00aThe Carbon Isotopic Composition of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in Perennially Ice-Covered Antarctica Lakes: Searching for a Biogenic Signature.0 aCarbon Isotopic Composition of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in Per0 v391 aNeumann, Klaus1 aLyons, Berry1 aPriscu, John, C.1 aDesMarais, David, J.1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/carbon-isotopic-composition-dissolved-inorganic-carbon-perennially-ice-covered-antarctica00667nas a2200181   4500008004100000245009000041210006900131300001200200490000700212100002000219700002400239700002700263700001700290700002100307700001500328700002400343856011800367       2004                        eng d00aExtreme hydrochemical conditions in natural microcosms entombed within Antarctic ice.0 aExtreme hydrochemical conditions in natural microcosms entombed   a379-3870 v181 aTranter, Martyn1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aFritsen, Christian, H.1 aLyons, Berry1 aPriscu, John, C.1 aStathan, P1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/extreme-hydrochemical-conditions-natural-microcosms-entombed-within-antarctic-ice00536nas a2200157   4500008004100000245006700041210006600108300001200174490000600186100001200192700002400204700001700228700002100245700002400266856008800290       2003                        eng d00aBiochemistry of Si in the McMurdo Dry Valley lakes, Antarctica0 aBiochemistry of Si in the McMurdo Dry Valley lakes Antarctica  a737-7490 v11 aPugh, H1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aLyons, Berry1 aPriscu, John, C.1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/biochemistry-si-mcmurdo-dry-valley-lakes-antarctica00679nas a2200169   4500008004100000245011200041210006900153260001700222100002400239700001900263700001700282700002400299700002700323700001700350700001500367856012700382       2003                        eng d00aChemistry and lake dynamics of the Taylor Valley lakes, Antarctica: The importance of long-term monitoring.0 aChemistry and lake dynamics of the Taylor Valley lakes Antarctic  bCaxton Press1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aNeumann, Klaus1 aLyons, Berry1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.1 aHoward-Williams, Clive1 aDavidson, W.1 aBroady, P.  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/chemistry-and-lake-dynamics-taylor-valley-lakes-antarctica-importance-long-term-monitoring00722nas a2200193   4500008004100000245015200041210006900193300001200262490000600274100001700280700001800297700001400315700001400329700001400343700001200357700002400369700001400393856012100407       2003                        eng d00aStrontium isotopic signatures of the streams and lakes of Taylor Valley, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica: chemical weathering in a polar climate0 aStrontium isotopic signatures of the streams and lakes of Taylor  a875-8950 v81 aLyons, Berry1 aNezat, C., A.1 aBenson, L1 aBullen, T1 aGraham, E1 aKidd, J1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aThomas, J  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/strontium-isotopic-signatures-streams-and-lakes-taylor-valley-southern-victoria-land00682nas a2200169   4500008004100000245012300041210006900164300001200233490000700245100001700252700002400269700002400293700002000317700002200337700002400359856012900383       2003                        eng d00aSurface glaciochemistry of Taylor Valley, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica and its relationship to stream chemistry.0 aSurface glaciochemistry of Taylor Valley southern Victoria Land   a115-1300 v171 aLyons, Berry1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aDana, Gayle, L.1 aVaughn, Bruce, H.1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/surface-glaciochemistry-taylor-valley-southern-victoria-land-antarctica-and-its-relationship00510nas a2200133   4500008004100000245008300041210006900124300001400193490000800207100001800215700001700233700002400250856010200274       2001                        eng d00aChemical weathering in streams of a polar desert (Taylor Valley,  Antarctica).0 aChemical weathering in streams of a polar desert Taylor Valley A  a1401-14080 v1131 aNezat, C., A.1 aLyons, Berry1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/chemical-weathering-streams-polar-desert-taylor-valley-antarctica00774nas a2200193   4500008004100000245014400041210006900185300001200254490000700266100001700273700002400290700002100314700002800335700002400363700002400387700002100411700002000432856012800452       2001                        eng d00aThe McMurdo Dry Valleys Long-Term Ecological Research Program: new understanding of the biogeochemistry of the  Dry Valley lakes: a review.0 aMcMurdo Dry Valleys LongTerm Ecological Research Program new und  a202-2170 v251 aLyons, Berry1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aPriscu, John, C.1 aLaybourn-Parry, Johanna1 aMoorhead, Daryl, L.1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.1 aDoran, Peter, T.1 aTranter, Martyn  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/mcmurdo-dry-valleys-long-term-ecological-research-program-new-understanding-biogeochemistry00868nas a2200229   4500008004100000245013400041210006900175260002800244300001200272100002400284700001700308700002400325700001700349700002400366700002200390700002100412700002700433700001800460700001900478700001800497856012300515       2000                        eng d00aClimate and hydrologic variations and implications for lake and stream ecological response in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica0 aClimate and hydrologic variations and implications for lake and   bOxford University Press  a174-1951 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aLyons, Berry1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.1 aJaros, Chris1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aNylen, Thomas, H.1 aDoran, Peter, T.1 aHoward-Williams, Clive1 aGreenland, D.1 aGoodin, D., G.1 aSmith, R., C.  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/climate-and-hydrologic-variations-and-implications-lake-and-stream-ecological-response00674nas a2200157   4500008004100000245016800041210006900209300001400278490000700292100001700299700001800316700002400334700001700358700002100375856012000396       2000                     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aGeomicrobiology of subglacial ice above Vostok Station  a2141-21440 v2861 aPriscu, John, C.1 aAdams, Edward, E.1 aLyons, Berry1 aVoytek, Mary, A.1 aMogk, David, W.1 aBrown, Robert, L.1 aMcKay, Christopher, P.1 aTakacs-Vesbach, Cristina, D.1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aWolf, Craig, F.1 aKirshtein, Julie, D.1 aAvci, Recep  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/geomicrobiology-sub-glacial-ice-above-vostok-station00489nas a2200121   4500008004100000245008700041210006900128490000700197100001700204700001300221700002400234856010900258       1999                        eng d00aHistory of McMurdo Dry Valley Lakes, Antarctica, from stable chlorine isotope data0 aHistory of McMurdo Dry Valley Lakes Antarctica from stable chlor0 v271 aLyons, Berry1 aFrape, S1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/history-mcmurdo-dry-valley-lakes-antarctica-stable-chlorine-isotope-data00424nas a2200133   4500008004100000245004500041210004500086300001400131490000700145100001700152700002400169700002600193856007100219       1999                        eng d00aMercury in aquatic systems in Antarctica0 aMercury in aquatic systems in Antarctica  a2235-22380 v261 aLyons, Berry1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aBonzongo, Jean-Claude  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/mercury-aquatic-systems-antarctica00747nas a2200205   4500008004100000245009700041210006900138300001000207490000700217100001700224700002400241700001900265700002300284700002000307700002300327700002400350700002400374700002100398856012200419       1998                        eng d00aGeochemical Linkages Among Glaciers, Streams, and Lakes Within the Taylor Valley, Antarctica0 aGeochemical Linkages Among Glaciers Streams and Lakes Within the  a77-920 v721 aLyons, Berry1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aNeumann, Klaus1 aToxey, Jeffrey, K.1 aMcArthur, Robyn1 aWilliams, Changela1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.1 aMoorhead, Daryl, L.1 aPriscu, John, C.  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weathering rates and reactions in the Lake Fryxell Basi  bBalkema Press, Rotterdam  a147-1541 aLyons, Berry1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aNezat, C., A.1 aCrick, K.1 aToxey, Jeffrey, K.1 aMastrine, J.A.1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.1 aLyons, Berry1 aHoward-Williams, Clive1 aHawes, Ian  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/chemical-weathering-rates-and-reactions-lake-fryxell-basin-taylor-valley-comparison00602nas a2200145   4500008004100000245009900041210006900140260003900209300001200248100001400260700001900274700001700293700002400310856012200334       1997                        eng d00aDetermination of rare earth elements in Antarctic lakes and streams of varying ionic strengths0 aDetermination of rare earth elements in Antarctic lakes and stre  aLondonbRoyal Society of Chemistry  a253-2621 aGraham, E1 aRamsey, L., A.1 aLyons, Berry1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/determination-rare-earth-elements-antarctic-lakes-and-streams-varying-ionic-strengths00801nas a2200217   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