04166nas a2200565   4500008004100000022001400041245007900055210006900134260001200203300001100215490000700226520245300233653001802686653002702704653001902731653001902750653001202769653001202781653001502793653008902808653002002897100002302917700002502940700002602965700002702991700002103018700002503039700001703064700002203081700002903103700002603132700002403158700002603182700002403208700002103232700001603253700002703269700002403296700002303320700002203343700002403365700002303389700001503412700002203427700002103449700002203470700002603492700002403518856005803542       2021                        eng d  a2150-892500aConnectivity: Insights from the U.S. Long Term Ecological Research Network0 aConnectivity Insights from the US Long Term Ecological Research   c05/2021  ae034320 v123 a<p>Ecosystems across the United States are changing in complex and surprising ways. Ongoing demand for critical ecosystem services requires an understanding of the populations and communities in these ecosystems in the future. This paper represents a synthesis effort of the U.S. National Science Foundation-funded Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) network addressing the core research area of &ldquo;populations and communities.&rdquo; The objective of this effort was to show the importance of long-term data collection and experiments for addressing the hardest questions in scientific ecology that have significant implications for environmental policy and management. Each LTER site developed at least one compelling case study about what their site could look like in 50&ndash;100 yr as human and environmental drivers influencing specific ecosystems change. As the case studies were prepared, five themes emerged, and the studies were grouped into papers in this LTER Futures Special Feature addressing state change, connectivity, resilience, time lags, and cascading effects. This paper addresses the &ldquo;connectivity&rdquo; theme and has examples from the Phoenix (urban), Niwot Ridge (alpine tundra), McMurdo Dry Valleys (polar desert), Plum Island (coastal), Santa Barbara Coastal (coastal), and Jornada (arid grassland and shrubland) sites. Connectivity has multiple dimensions, ranging from multi-scalar interactions in space to complex interactions over time that govern the transport of materials and the distribution and movement of organisms. The case studies presented here range widely, showing how land-use legacies interact with climate to alter the structure and function of arid ecosystems and flows of resources and organisms in Antarctic polar desert, alpine, urban, and coastal marine ecosystems. Long-term ecological research demonstrates that connectivity can, in some circumstances, sustain valuable ecosystem functions, such as the persistence of foundation species and their associated biodiversity or, it can be an agent of state change, as when it increases wind and water erosion. Increased connectivity due to warming can also lead to species range expansions or contractions and the introduction of undesirable species. Continued long-term studies are essential for addressing the complexities of connectivity. The diversity of ecosystems within the LTER network is a strong platform for these studies.</p>10aalpine tundra10aAntarctic polar desert10aarid grassland10aarid shrubland10acoastal10aestuary10asalt marsh10aSpecial Feature: Forecasting Earth’s Ecosystems with Long-Term Ecological Research10aurban ecosystem1 aIwaniec, David, M.1 aGooseff, Michael, N.1 aSuding, Katharine, N.1 aJohnson, David, Samuel1 aReed, Daniel, C.1 aPeters, Debra, P. C.1 aAdams, Byron1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aBestelmeyer, Brandon, T.1 aCastorani, Max, C. N.1 aCook, Elizabeth, M.1 aDavidson, Melissa, J.1 aGroffman, Peter, M.1 aHanan, Niall, P.1 aHuenneke, L1 aJohnson, Pieter, T. J.1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.1 aMiller, Robert, J.1 aOkin, Gregory, S.1 aPreston, Daniel, L.1 aRassweiler, Andrew1 aRay, Chris1 aSala, Osvaldo, E.1 aSchooley, Robert1 aSeastedt, Timothy1 aSpasojevic, Marko, J.1 aVivoni, Enrique, R.  uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecs2.343210050nas a2202965   4500008004100000245007300041210006900114260001200183300001200195490000700207520154900214653001701763653001101780653001201791653002101803653001301824653001301837100002001850700002201870700001601892700002201908700002301930700001701953700002801970700002001998700002502018700001802043700002402061700001602085700002202101700002002123700002702143700002002170700002202190700002302212700003102235700002002266700002302286700002702309700002202336700002702358700002702385700001602412700001902428700002302447700002102470700002202491700001802513700002302531700002802554700002502582700002302607700002002630700002902650700002502679700002002704700002602724700002602750700001702776700002402793700002502817700002302842700002202865700001902887700002002906700002102926700002202947700002102969700001802990700001703008700002203025700001703047700002503064700001903089700002603108700002203134700001903156700002103175700001903196700002703215700003003242700002403272700002403296700001703320700002303337700003203360700002103392700002403413700002203437700002903459700001403488700003103502700002303533700001903556700002303575700002603598700001803624700002103642700001603663700001803679700002403697700002103721700002003742700001903762700001703781700001903798700002103817700002003838700002603858700002003884700002003904700002003924700002503944700002003969700002703989700002404016700003304040700001804073700001504091700002304106700002204129700002004151700001704171700002404188700001804212700002404230700002104254700002204275700002104297700002004318700002004338700002804358700002604386700001704412700002104429700001904450700002304469700003104492700002604523700002004549700002704569700002204596700002104618700002204639700002004661700002804681700001804709700002204727700002604749700002004775700001904795700002404814700001804838700002404856700002604880700001804906700002304924700002504947700002804972700002205000700002505022700001505047700001705062700001505079700003105094700001905125700001805144700002605162700002405188700001905212700001805231700002205249700002605271700002405297700002005321700002405341700002105365700002905386700002105415700002205436700002005458700001905478700002405497700002505521700002105546700002805567700001905595700002205614700001505636700002605651700002105677700002105698700002505719700002205744700001905766700002805785700002305813700002605836700002105862700002105883700002705904700002805931700002105959700001905980700001905999700003006018700002106048700002406069700003206093700003606125700001806161700001606179700002206195700002306217700001906240700001806259700001506277700002106292700002606313700003306339700001706372700002006389700002106409700002406430700002106454700002206475700001906497700002306516700002106539700001806560700002806578700003406606700002406640700002106664700001806685700002006703700003206723700002606755700002706781700002906808700003106837700002106868700002306889700002506912700002106937700002306958700002506981700001607006856006207022       2018                        eng d00aBioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene0 aBioTIME A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropoc  c07/2018  a760-7860 v273 a<p><strong>Motivation: </strong>The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community-led open-source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal patterns of biodiversity in the Anthropocene.</p><p><strong>Main types of variables included: </strong>The database contains 8,777,413 species abundance records, from assemblages consistently sampled for a minimum of 2 years, which need not necessarily be consecutive. In addition, the database contains metadata relating to sampling methodology and contextual information about each record.</p><p><strong>Spatial location and grain:</strong> BioTIME is a global database of 547,161 unique sampling locations spanning the marine, freshwater and terrestrial realms. Grain size varies across datasets from 0.0000000158 km2 (158 cm2) to 100 km2 (1,000,000,000,000 cm2). Time period and grain BioTIME records span from 1874 to 2016. The minimal temporal grain across all datasets in BioTIME is a year.</p><p><strong>Major taxa and level of measurement:&nbsp;</strong>BioTIME includes data from 44,440 species across the plant and animal kingdoms, ranging from plants, plankton and terrestrial invertebrates to small and large vertebrates.</p><p><strong>Software format:</strong> .csv and .SQL.</p>10abiodiversity10aglobal10aspatial10aspecies richness10atemporal10aturnover1 aDornelas, Maria1 aAntão, Laura, H.1 aMoyes, Faye1 aBates, Amanda, E.1 aMagurran, Anne, E.1 aAdam, Dušan1 aAkhmetzhanova, Asem, A.1 aAppeltans, Ward1 aArcos, José, Manuel1 aArnold, Haley1 aAyyappan, Narayanan1 aBadihi, Gal1 aBaird, Andrew, H.1 aBarbosa, Miguel1 aBarreto, Tiago, Egydio1 aBässler, Claus1 aBellgrove, Alecia1 aBelmaker, Jonathan1 aBenedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro1 aBett, Brian, J.1 aBjorkman, Anne, D.1 aBłażewicz, Magdalena1 aBlowes, Shane, A.1 aBloch, Christopher, P.1 aBonebrake, Timothy, C.1 aBoyd, Susan1 aBradford, Matt1 aBrooks, Andrew, J.1 aBrown, James, H.1 aBruelheide, Helge1 aBudy, Phaedra1 aCarvalho, Fernando1 aCastañeda-Moya, Edward1 aChen, Chaolun, Allen1 aChamblee, John, F.1 aChase, Tory, J.1 aCollier, Laura, Siegwart1 aCollinge, Sharon, K.1 aCondit, Richard1 aCooper, Elisabeth, J.1 aCornelissen, Hans, C.1 aCotano, Unai1 aCrow, Shannan, Kyle1 aDamasceno, Gabriella1 aDavies, Claire, H.1 aDavis, Robert, A.1 aDay, Frank, P.1 aDegraer, Steven1 aDoherty, Tim, S.1 aDunn, Timothy, E.1 aDurigan, Giselda1 aDuffy, Emmett1 aEdelist, Dor1 aEdgar, Graham, J.1 aElahi, Robin1 aElmendorf, Sarah, C.1 aEnemar, Anders1 aErnest, S., K. Morgan1 aEscribano, Rubén1 aEstiarte, Marc1 aEvans, Brian, S.1 aFan, Tung-Yung1 aFarah, Fabiano, Turini1 aFernandes, Luiz, Loureiro1 aFarneda, Fábio, Z.1 aFidelis, Alessandra1 aFitt, Robert1 aFosaa, Anna, Maria1 aFranco, Geraldo, Antonio Da1 aFrank, Grace, E.1 aFraser, William, R.1 aGarcía, Hernando1 aGatti, Roberto, Cazzolla1 aGivan, Or1 aGorgone-Barbosa, Elizabeth1 aGould, William, A.1 aGries, Corinna1 aGrossman, Gary, D.1 aGutierréz, Julio, R.1 aHale, Stephen1 aHarmon, Mark, E.1 aHarte, John1 aHaskins, Gary1 aHenshaw, Donald, L.1 aHermanutz, Luise1 aHidalgo, Pamela1 aHiguchi, Pedro1 aHoey, Andrew1 aVan Hoey, Gert1 aHofgaard, Annika1 aHoleck, Kristen1 aHollister, Robert, D.1 aHolmes, Richard1 aHoogenboom, Mia1 aHsieh, Chih-hao1 aHubbell, Stephen, P.1 aHuettmann, Falk1 aHuffard, Christine, L.1 aHurlbert, Allen, H.1 aIvanauskas, Natália, Macedo1 aJaník, David1 aJandt, Ute1 aJażdżewska, Anna1 aJohannessen, Tore1 aJohnstone, Jill1 aJones, Julia1 aJones, Faith, A. M.1 aKang, Jungwon1 aKartawijaya, Tasrif1 aKeeley, Erin, C.1 aKelt, Douglas, A.1 aKinnear, Rebecca1 aKlanderud, Kari1 aKnutsen, Halvor1 aKoenig, Christopher, C.1 aKortz, Alessandra, R.1 aKrál, Kamil1 aKuhnz, Linda, A.1 aKuo, Chao-Yang1 aKushner, David, J.1 aLaguionie-Marchais, Claire1 aLancaster, Lesley, T.1 aLee, Cheol, Min1 aLefcheck, Jonathan, S.1 aLévesque, Esther1 aLightfoot, David1 aLloret, Francisco1 aLloyd, John, D.1 aLópez-Baucells, Adrià1 aLouzao, Maite1 aMadin, Joshua, S.1 aMagnússon, Borgþór1 aMalamud, Shahar1 aMatthews, Iain1 aMcFarland, Kent, P.1 aMcGill, Brian1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.1 aMcLarney, William, O.1 aMeador, Jason1 aMeserve, Peter, L.1 aMetcalfe, Daniel, J.1 aMeyer, Christoph, F. J.1 aMichelsen, Anders1 aMilchakova, Nataliya1 aMoens, Tom1 aMoland, Even1 aMoore, Jon1 aMoreira, Carolina, Mathias1 aMüller, Jörg1 aMurphy, Grace1 aMyers-Smith, Isla, H.1 aMyster, Randall, W.1 aNaumov, Andrew1 aNeat, Francis1 aNelson, James, A.1 aNelson, Michael, Paul1 aNewton, Stephen, F.1 aNorden, Natalia1 aOliver, Jeffrey, C.1 aOlsen, Esben, M.1 aOnipchenko, Vladimir, G.1 aPabis, Krzysztof1 aPabst, Robert, J.1 aPaquette, Alain1 aPardede, Sinta1 aPaterson, David, M.1 aPélissier, Raphaël1 aPeñuelas, Josep1 aPérez-Matus, Alejandro1 aPizarro, Oscar1 aPomati, Francesco1 aPost, Eric1 aPrins, Herbert, H. T.1 aPriscu, John, C.1 aProvoost, Pieter1 aPrudic, Kathleen, L.1 aPulliainen, Erkki1 aRamesh, B., R.1 aRamos, Olivia, Mendivil1 aRassweiler, Andrew1 aRebelo, Jose, Eduardo1 aReed, Daniel, C.1 aReich, Peter, B.1 aRemillard, Suzanne, M.1 aRichardson, Anthony, J.1 aRichardson, Paul1 avan Rijn, Itai1 aRocha, Ricardo1 aRivera-Monroy, Victor, H.1 aRixen, Christian1 aRobinson, Kevin, P.1 aRodrigues, Ricardo, Ribeiro1 aRossa-Feres, Denise, de Cerquei1 aRudstam, Lars1 aRuhl, Henry1 aRuz, Catalina, S.1 aSampaio, Erica, M.1 aRybicki, Nancy1 aRypel, Andrew1 aSal, Sofia1 aSalgado, Beatriz1 aSantos, Flavio, A. M.1 aSavassi-Coutinho, Ana, Paula1 aScanga, Sara1 aSchmidt, Jochen1 aSchooley, Robert1 aSetiawan, Fakhrizal1 aShao, Kwang-Tsao1 aShaver, Gaius, R.1 aSherman, Sally1 aSherry, Thomas, W.1 aSiciński, Jacek1 aSievers, Caya1 ada Silva, Ana, Carolina1 ada Silva, Fernando, Rodrigues1 aSilveira, Fabio, L.1 aSlingsby, Jasper1 aSmart, Tracey1 aSnell, Sara, J.1 aSoudzilovskaia, Nadejda, A.1 aSouza, Gabriel, B. G.1 aSouza, Flaviana, Maluf1 aSouza, Vinícius, Castro1 aStallings, Christopher, D.1 aStanforth, Rowan1 aStanley, Emily, H.1 aSterza, José, Mauro1 aStevens, Maarten1 aStuart-Smith, Rick1 aSuarez, Yzel, Rondon1 aSupp, Sarah  uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/geb.12729