02735nas a2200325   4500008004100000022001400041245008600055210006900141260001200210490000700222520179000229653001502019653001302034653001002047653002202057653001002079100002602089700002402115700002502139700002102164700001802185700002502203700002102228700002202249700001902271700002402290700002102314700001702335856005702352       2025                        eng d  a0722-406000aA comprehensive survey of soil microbial diversity across the Antarctic continent0 acomprehensive survey of soil microbial diversity across the Anta  c02/20250 v483 a<p>Antarctic soils are unique from those found nearly anywhere else on Earth yet can still harbor a broad diversity of microorganisms able to tolerate the challenging conditions typical of the continent. For these reasons, microbiologists have been drawn to Antarctica for decades. However, our understanding of which microbes thrive in Antarctic soils and how they to do so remains limited. To help resolve these knowledge gaps, we analyzed a collection of 200 archived Antarctic soils&mdash;from Livingston Island on the Antarctic Peninsula to Cape Hallett in northern Victoria Land. We analyzed the prokaryotic and fungal communities in these soils using both cultivation-independent marker gene sequencing and cultivation-dependent approaches (microbial isolation), paired with extensive soil geochemical analyses. Our cultivation-independent analyses indicate that colder, saltier, and drier soils harbor less diverse communities of bacteria and fungi, distinct from those found in soils with less challenging conditions. We also built a culture collection from a subset of these soils that encompasses more than 50 bacterial and fungal genera, including cold-tolerant organisms, such as &lt;i&gt;Cryobacterium&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Cryomyces&lt;/i&gt;. By directly comparing the diversity of our cultured isolates against our cultivation-independent data, we show that many of the more abundant Antarctic taxa are not readily cultivated and highlight bacterial and fungal taxa that should be the focus of future cultivation efforts. Together, we hope that our collection of isolates, the comprehensive data compiled from the cultivation-independent analyses, and our geochemical analyses will serve as a community resource to accelerate the study of Antarctic soil microbes.</p>10aAntarctica10abacteria10afungi10amicrobial ecology10asoils1 aDragone, Nicholas, B.1 aChildress, Mary, K.1 aVanderburgh, Caihong1 aWillmore, Rachel1 aHogg, Ian, D.1 aSancho, Leopoldo, G.1 aLee, Charles, K.1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aQuandt, Alisha1 aLeMonte, Joshua, J.1 aAdams, Byron, J.1 aFierer, Noah  uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00300-025-03372-y02303nas a2200265   4500008004100000245012500041210006900166260001200235520144100247653001901688653002001707653002001727653001901747653002901766100002301795700001801818700001801836700002501854700001901879700001701898700001701915700002001932700002401952856006101976       2020                        eng d00aGenetic diversity of soil invertebrates corroborates timing estimates for past collapses of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet0 aGenetic diversity of soil invertebrates corroborates timing esti  c08/20203 a<p>During austral summer field seasons between 1999 and 2018, we sampled at 91 locations throughout southern Victoria Land and along the Transantarctic Mountains for six species of endemic microarthropods (Collembola), covering a latitudinal range from 76.0&deg;S to 87.3&deg;S. We assembled individual mitochondrial cyto-chrome <em>c</em> oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences (<em>n</em> = 866) and found high levels of sequence divergence at both small (&lt;10 km) and large (&gt;600 km) spatial scales for four of the six Collembola species. We applied molecular clock estimates and assessed genetic divergences relative to the timing of past glacial cycles, including collapses of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). We found that genetically distinct lineages within three species have likely been isolated for at least 5.54 My to 3.52 My, while the other three species diverged more recently (&lt;2 My). We suggest that Collembola had greater dispersal opportunities under past warmer climates, via flotation along coastal margins. Similarly increased opportunities for dispersal may occur under contemporary climate warming scenarios, which could influence the genetic structure of extant populations. As Collembola are a living record of past landscape evolution within Antarctica, these findings provide biological evidence to support geological and glaciological estimates of historical WAIS dynamics over the last ca. 5 My.</p>10aclimate change10amicroarthropods10amolecular clock10aphylogeography10aterrestrial biodiversity1 aCollins, Gemma, E.1 aHogg, Ian, D.1 aConvey, Peter1 aSancho, Leopoldo, G.1 aCowan, Don, A.1 aLyons, Berry1 aAdams, Byron1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aGreen, T., G. Allan  uhttps://www.pnas.org/content/early/2020/08/19/2007925117