01860nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245015300055210006900208260001200277520112000289100002201409700002001431700002001451700002501471700001701496700002401513700002501537700002401562856006801586       2021                        eng d  a2378-224200aFrom the Heroic Age to today: What diatoms from Shackleton's <i>Nimrod</I> expedition can tell us about the ecological trajectory of Antarctic ponds0 aFrom the Heroic Age to today What diatoms from Shackletons iNimr  c07/20213 a<p>Biological invasion and environmental change pose major threats to ecosystems. While long-term ecological change is commonly evaluated through sediment cores in lakes, it is generally not feasible for smaller ponds, and spatial resolution is limited. Here, we analyze pond diatom communities collected during Shackleton&#39;s <em>Nimrod</em> expedition at Cape Royds, Antarctica, to compare with the same waterbodies a century later. We find historical samples to be almost identical to modern counterparts, and provide no evidence of exotic introductions despite increasing human activity. However, a shift occurred in the pond nearest Shackleton&#39;s hut, Pony Lake, which was dominated by <em>Luticola muticopsis</em> a century ago, and was replaced by <em>Craspedostauros laevissimus</em>. Both are endemic species previously and currently present at Cape Royds, and we hypothesize that a shift in conductivity accompanying changing precipitation patterns may be responsible. Collectively, these results provide important data for assessing human and climate impacts among Antarctic lacustrine habitats.</p>1 aKohler, Tyler, J.1 aHowkins, Adrian1 aSokol, Eric, R.1 aKopalová, Kateřina1 aCox, Aneliya1 aDarling, Joshua, P.1 aGooseff, Michael, N.1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.  uhttps://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/lol2.10200