02680nas a2200337   4500008004100000022001400041245015000055210006900205260001200274300000700286490000700293520167400300653001401974653001701988653000902005653001402014653002702028653001502055100002002070700001802090700001902108700002102127700002402148700001702172700002302189700001902212700001502231700001602246700001502262856006502277       2025                        eng d  a0722-406000aInference from eDNA-based field distributions vs laboratory analysis of isolated strains: Physiological performance of non-marine Antarctic biota0 aInference from eDNAbased field distributions vs laboratory analy  c03/2025  a360 v483 a<p>Environmental DNA (eDNA) is frequently used to infer distributions of microorganisms in Antarctica. Their distributions relative to environmental variables are, in turn, sometimes used to infer their physiological range (and a relationship between the two is generally assumed for conservation purposes). We sought to determine whether ecological inferences based on distributions accurately reflect tolerances of the organisms concerned, using 249 legacy non-marine samples from a latitudinal gradient between 72 and 86&deg;S, Antarctica. A cyanobacterium, a heterotrophic bacterium, two eukaryotic algae, two fungi, and a moss were isolated into culture, and their field distributions inferred using eDNA analysis of the samples above. Tolerances of each organism with respect to environmental predictors were then inferred from the eDNA distribution and metadata using Generalised Additive Models. We then measured growth of the cultured isolates in response to a set of these predictors. Laboratory responses were then compared to inferences from the eDNA/metadata. Predictions from eDNA/metadata agreed with the results of physiological laboratory experiments for strains that were detected at high taxonomic resolution in the field samples. However, errors were never completely eliminated, and direct contradictions occurred when strains were represented at lower taxonomic resolution in the field data. We found that accurate ecological inference from eDNA studies would be best achieved via maximising both taxonomic resolution (through marker choice/read length) and ecological signal (through careful sampling design and rigorous metadata collection).</p>10aAntarctic10adistribution10aeDNA10ainference10amicrobial biodiversity10aphysiology1 aNovis, Phil, M.1 aMonks, Adrian1 aHunt, John, E.1 aAdams, Byron, J.1 aDhami, Manpreet, K.1 aKim, Ji, Hee1 aMitchell, Caroline1 aMorgan, Fraser1 aHawes, Ian1 aAislabie, J1 aBroady, P.  uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00300-025-03356-y02426nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245010000055210006900155260001200224490000800236520166500244653001501909653001701924653002901941653002401970653002201994653001902016100002202035700002202057700001502079700002102094856006902115       2025                        eng d  a2169-895300aMorphology and distribution of bubble-supported microbial mats from ice-covered Antarctic lakes0 aMorphology and distribution of bubblesupported microbial mats fr  c03/20250 v1303 a<p>Gas bubbles directly influence the macromorphology of benthic microbial mats resulting in preservable biosedimentary structures. This study characterizes the morphology and distribution of microbial mats growing in gas-supersaturated, perennially ice-covered lakes Fryxell, Joyce, and Hoare of the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. Photosynthetic benthic mats within the gas-supersaturated zone trap oxygen-rich bubbles and become buoyant, tearing off the bottom as &ldquo;liftoff mats.&rdquo; These liftoff mats form a succession of morphologies starting with bubble-induced deformation of flat mats into tent, ridge, and finger liftoff mat. With progressive deformation, mats tear, forming sheet liftoff, while multiple cycles of deformation and tearing transform sheet into strip liftoff. Some mats detach from the substrate and float to the underside of the ice. The depth range of the liftoff zone has varied over time at each lake. Downslope expansion of bubble formation brings previously bubble-free, deep-water pinnacle mats into the liftoff zone. When the liftoff zone shallows, liftoff mats at the deeper end deflate and can become scaffolding for additional mat growth. The superposition and relative orientation of liftoff and pinnacle mats can be used to track the maximum depth of the liftoff zone and changes in gas saturation state in these lakes through time. Our results demonstrate that gas bubbles, even when they are transitory, can exert a significant impact on the morphology of microbial mats at larger scales. This provides a way to identify similar structures and gas supersaturated environments in the biosedimentary record.</p>10aAntarctica10abiosediments10abubble-driven morphology10agas-supersaturation10aice-covered lakes10amicrobial mats1 aJuarez-Rivera, M.1 aMackey, Tyler, J.1 aHawes, Ian1 aSumner, Dawn, Y.  uhttps://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2024JG00851602587nas a2200313   4500008004100000022001400041245012700055210006900182260001200251300001100263520145800274653001701732653001401749653000801763653001901771653001501790100002301805700001801828700001501846700002401861700002501885700003301910700002901943700001701972700002201989700002102011700002102032856022002053       2024                        eng d  a0954-102000aMcMurdo Dry Valley lake edge ‘moats’: The ecological intersection between terrestrial and aquatic polar desert habitat0 aMcMurdo Dry Valley lake edge moats The ecological intersection b  c04/2024  a1 - 173 a<p>Aquatic ecosystems - lakes, ponds and streams - are hotspots of biodiversity in the cold and arid environment of Continental Antarctica. Environmental change is expected to increasingly alter Antarctic aquatic ecosystems and modify the physical characteristics and interactions within the habitats that they support. Here, we describe physical and biological features of the peripheral &lsquo;moat&rsquo; of a closed-basin Antarctic lake. These moats mediate connectivity amongst streams, lake and soils. We highlight the cyclical moat transition from a frozen winter state to an active open-water summer system, through refreeze as winter returns. Summer melting begins at the lakebed, initially creating an ice-constrained lens of liquid water in November, which swiftly progresses upwards, creating open water in December. Conversely, freezing progresses slowly from the water surface downwards, with water at 1 m bottom depth remaining liquid until May. Moats support productive, diverse benthic communities that are taxonomically distinct from those under the adjacent permanent lake ice. We show how ion ratios suggest that summer exchange occurs amongst moats, streams, soils and sub-ice lake water, perhaps facilitated by within-moat density-driven convection. Moats occupy a small but dynamic area of lake habitat, are disproportionately affected by recent lake-level rises and may thus be particularly vulnerable to hydrological change.</p>10aconnectivity10aecosystem10aice10amicrobial mats10atransition1 aStone, Michael, S.1 aDevlin, Shawn1 aHawes, Ian1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aGooseff, Michael, N.1 aTakacs-Vesbach, Cristina, D.1 aMorgan-Kiss, Rachael, M.1 aAdams, Byron1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aPriscu, John, C.1 aDoran, Peter, T.  uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antarctic-science/article/mcmurdo-dry-valley-lake-edge-moats-the-ecological-intersection-between-terrestrial-and-aquatic-polar-desert-habitats/31D94DD51E651603482A3AE6E8A52A5703274nas a2200313   4500008004100000245011700041210006900158260001200227300001100239490000700250520227300257653001502530653002502545653001802570653002702588653002802615653002302643653001902666100002202685700002802707700002302735700002302758700002502781700002202806700002202828700001502850700002302865856007202888       2022                        eng d00aLipid biomarkers from microbial mats on the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica: Signatures for life in the cryosphere0 aLipid biomarkers from microbial mats on the McMurdo Ice Shelf An  c06/2022  a9036210 v133 a<p>Persistent cold temperatures, a paucity of nutrients, freeze-thaw cycles, and the strongly seasonal light regime make Antarctica one of Earth&rsquo;s least hospitable surface environments for complex life. Cyanobacteria, however, are well-adapted to such conditions and are often the dominant primary producers in Antarctic inland water environments. In particular, the network of meltwater ponds on the &lsquo;dirty ice&rsquo; of the McMurdo Ice Shelf is an ecosystem with extensive cyanobacteria-dominated microbial mat accumulations. This study investigated intact polar lipids (IPLs), heterocyte glycolipids (HGs), and bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs) in combination with 16S and 18S rRNA gene diversity in microbial mats of twelve ponds in this unique polar ecosystem. To constrain the effects of nutrient availability, temperature and freeze-thaw cycles on the lipid membrane composition, lipids were compared to stromatolite-forming cyanobacterial mats from ice-covered lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys as well as from (sub)tropical regions and hot springs. The 16S rRNA gene compositions of the McMurdo Ice Shelf mats confirm the dominance of Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria while the 18S rRNA gene composition indicates the presence of Ochrophyta, Chlorophyta, Ciliophora, and other microfauna. IPL analyses revealed a predominantly bacterial community in the meltwater ponds, with archaeal lipids being barely detectable. IPLs are dominated by glycolipids and phospholipids, followed by aminolipids. The high abundance of sugar-bound lipids accords with a predominance of cyanobacterial primary producers. The phosphate-limited samples from the (sub)tropical, hot spring, and Lake Vanda sites revealed a higher abundance of aminolipids compared to those of the nitrogen-limited meltwater ponds, affirming the direct affects that N and P availability have on IPL compositions. The high abundance of polyunsaturated IPLs in the Antarctic microbial mats suggests that these lipids provide an important mechanism to maintain membrane fluidity in cold environments. High abundances of HG keto-ols and HG keto-diols, produced by heterocytous cyanobacteria, further support these findings and reveal a unique distribution compared to those from warmer climates.</p>10aAntarctica10abacteriohopanepolyol10acyanobacteria10aheterocyte glycolipids10ahomeoviscous adaptation10aintact polar lipid10amicrobial mats1 aEvans, Thomas, W.1 aKalambokidis, Maria, J.1 aJungblut, Anne, D.1 aMillar, Jasmin, L.1 aBauersachs, Thorsten1 aGrotheer, Hendrik1 aMackey, Tyler, J.1 aHawes, Ian1 aSummons, Roger, E.  uhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.903621/full03115nas a2200517   4500008004100000245008300041210006900124260001200193520161800205653001501823653002101838653002601859653001901885653001301904653001701917653002401934653002301958653001701981653001201998100001702010700001802027700002202045700002102067700002002088700003002108700002102138700002402159700002102183700002302204700001502227700001802242700002102260700002302281700002202304700002002326700002302346700002402369700001602393700002302409700002402432700002102456700001902477700001802496700002002514856006302534       2021                        eng d00aAntarctic ecosystems in transition – life between stresses and opportunities0 aAntarctic ecosystems in transition life between stresses and opp  c06/20213 a<p>Important findings from the second decade of the 21st century on the impact of environmental change on biological processes in the Antarctic were synthesised by 26 international experts. Ten key messages emerged that have stakeholder‐relevance and/or a high impact for the scientific community. They address (i) altered biogeochemical cycles, (ii) ocean acidification, (iii) climate change hotspots, (iv) unexpected dynamism in seabed‐dwelling populations, (v) spatial range shifts, (vi) adaptation and thermal resilience, (vii) sea ice related biological fluctuations, (viii) pollution, (ix) endangered terrestrial endemism and (x) the discovery of unknown habitats. Most Antarctic biotas are exposed to multiple stresses and considered vulnerable to environmental change due to narrow tolerance ranges, rapid change, projected circumpolar impacts, low potential for timely genetic adaptation, and migration barriers. Important ecosystem functions, such as primary production and energy transfer between trophic levels, have already changed, and biodiversity patterns have shifted. A confidence assessment of the degree of &lsquo;scientific understanding&rsquo; revealed an intermediate level for most of the more detailed sub‐messages, indicating that process‐oriented research has been successful in the past decade. Additional efforts are necessary, however, to achieve the level of robustness in scientific knowledge that is required to inform protection measures of the unique Antarctic terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and their contributions to global biodiversity and ecosystem services.</p>10aadaptation10abenthic dynamism10abiogeochemical cycles10aclimate change10ainvasion10anew habitats10aocean acidification10aPrimary production10arange shifts10asea ice1 aGutt, Julian1 aIsla, Enrique1 aXavier, José, C.1 aAdams, Byron, J.1 aAhn, In‐Young1 aCheng, C.‐H., Christina1 aColesie, Claudia1 aCummings, Vonda, J.1 adi Prisco, Guido1 aGriffiths, Huw, J.1 aHawes, Ian1 aHogg, Ian, D.1 aMcIntyre, Trevor1 aMeiners, Klaus, M.1 aPearce, David, A.1 aPeck, Lloyd, S.1 aPiepenburg, Dieter1 aReisinger, Ryan, R.1 aSaba, Grace1 aSchloss, Irene, R.1 aSignori, Camila, N.1 aSmith, Craig, R.1 aVacchi, Marino1 aVerde, Cinzia1 aWall, Diana, H.  uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/brv.1267902981nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245011200055210006900167260001200236300001400248490000700262520216600269653002102435653002602456653002602482100002802508700002202536700002202558700002102580700002202601700001802623700001502641856007102656       2021                        eng d  a1523-043000aThe magnitude and climate sensitivity of isotopic fractionation from ablation of Antarctic Dry Valley lakes0 amagnitude and climate sensitivity of isotopic fractionation from  c12/2021  a352 - 3710 v533 a<p>There has been extensive research on the effects of evaporation on the isotopic ratio of lacustrine and marine water bodies; however, there are limited data on how ablation or sublimation from lake or sea ice influences the isotopic ratio of the residual water body. This is a challenging problem because there remains uncertainty on the magnitude of fractionation during sublimation and because ablation can involve mixed-phase processes associated with simultaneous sublimation, melting, evaporation, and refreezing. This uncertainty limits the ability to draw quantitative inferences on changing hydrological budgets from stable isotope records in arctic, Antarctic, and alpine lakes. Here, we use in situ measurements of the isotopic ratio of water vapor along with the gradient diffusion method to constrain the isotopic ratio of the ablating ice from two lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. We find that during austral summer, the isotopic fractionation of ablation was insignificant during periods of boundary layer instability that are typical during midday when latent heat is highest. This implies that the loss of mass during these periods did not yield any isotopic enrichment to the residual lake mass. However, fractionation increased after midday when the boundary layer stabilized and the latent heat flux was small. This diurnal pattern was mirrored on synoptic timescales, when following warm and stable conditions latent heat flux was low and dominated by higher fractionation for a few days. We hypothesize that the shifting from negligible to large isotopic fractionation reflects the development and subsequent exhaustion of liquid water on the surface. The results illustrate the complex and nonlinear controls on isotopic fractionation from icy lakes, which implies that the isotopic enrichment from ablation could vary significantly over timescales relevant for changing lake volumes. Future work using water isotope fluxes for longer periods of time and over additional perennial and seasonal ice-covered lake systems is critical for developing models of the isotopic mass balance of arctic and Antarctic lake systems.</p>10aDry Valley lakes10aisotope fractionation10astable water isotopes1 aBellagamba, Anthony, W.1 aBerkelhammer, Max1 aWinslow, Luke, A.1 aDoran, Peter, T.1 aMyers, Krista, F.1 aDevlin, Shawn1 aHawes, Ian  uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15230430.2021.200189902314nas a2200265   4500008004100000245012500041210006900166260001200235490000700247520147000254653001501724653001101739653001701750653001801767653001101785653004001796100002201836700001501858700002301873700002201896700002401918700002101942700002101963856006401984       2020                        eng d00aEnergetic and environmental constraints on the community structure of benthic microbial mats in Lake Fryxell, Antarctica0 aEnergetic and environmental constraints on the community structu  c02/20200 v963 a<p>Ecological communities are regulated by the flow of energy through environments. Energy flow is typically limited by access to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and oxygen concentration (O<sub>2</sub>). The microbial mats growing on the bottom of Lake Fryxell, Antarctica, have well-defined environmental gradients in PAR and (O<sub>2</sub>). We analyzed the metagenomes of layers from these microbial mats to test the extent to which access to oxygen and light controls community structure. We found variation in the diversity and relative abundances of Archaea, Bacteria and Eukaryotes across three (O<sub>2</sub>) and PAR conditions: high (O<sub>2</sub>) and maximum PAR, variable (O<sub>2</sub>) with lower maximum PAR, and low (O<sub>2</sub>) and maximum PAR. We found distinct communities structured by the optimization of energy use on a millimeter-scale across these conditions. In mat layers where (O<sub>2</sub>) was saturated, PAR structured the community. In contrast, (O<sub>2</sub>) positively correlated with diversity and affected the distribution of dominant populations across the three habitats, suggesting that meter-scale diversity is structured by energy availability. Microbial communities changed across covarying gradients of PAR and (O<sub>2</sub>). The comprehensive metagenomic analysis suggests that the benthic microbial communities in Lake Fryxell are structured by energy flow across both meter- and millimeter-scales.</p>10aAntarctica10aenergy10aLake Fryxell10amicrobial mat10aOxygen10aPhotosynthetically Active Radiation1 aDillon, Megan, L.1 aHawes, Ian1 aJungblut, Anne, D.1 aMackey, Tyler, J.1 aEisen, Jonathan, A.1 aDoran, Peter, T.1 aSumner, Dawn, Y.  uhttps://academic.oup.com/femsec/article/96/2/fiz207/569719602475nas a2200229   4500008004100000020002200041245008100063210006900144260004400213300001300257520171900270653001201989653002202001653002502023653003102048653001702079100001502096700002102111700002302132700002402155856006602179       2019                        eng d  a978-3-030-16775-200aComplex Structure but Simple Function in Microbial Mats from Antarctic Lakes0 aComplex Structure but Simple Function in Microbial Mats from Ant  aChambSpringer International Publishing  a91 - 1203 a<p>Microbial mats growing under the permanent ice cover of Antarctic lakes occupy an exceptionally low-disturbance regime. Constant temperature, the absence of bioturbation or physical disturbance from wind action or ice formation allow mats to accumulate, as annual growth layers, over many decades or even centuries. In so doing they often assume decimetre scale, three-dimensional morphologies such as elaborate pinnacle structures and conical mounds. Here we combine existing and new information to describe microbial structures in three Antarctic lakes&mdash;simple prostrate mats in Lake Hoare, emergent cones in Lake Untersee and elaborate pinnacles in Lake Vanda. We attempt to determine whether structures emerge simply from uncoordinated organism-environment interactions or whether they represent an example of &ldquo;emergent complexity&rdquo;, within which some degree of self-organisation occurs to confer a holistic functional advantage to component organisms. While some holistic advantages were evident from the structures&mdash;the increase in surface area allows greater biomass and overall productivity and nutrient exchange with overlying water&mdash;the structures could also be understood in terms of potential interactions between individuals, their orientation and their environment. The data lack strong evidence of coordinated behaviour directed towards holistic advantages to the structure, though hints of coordinated behaviour are present as non-random distributions of structural elements. The great size of microbial structures in Antarctic lakes, and their relatively simple community composition, makes them excellent models for more focused research on microbial cooperation.</p>10abiofilm10amicrobial ecology10amicrobial structures10aself-organising structures10astromatolite1 aHawes, Ian1 aSumner, Dawn, Y.1 aJungblut, Anne, D.1 aHurst, Christon, J.  uhttps://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-16775-2_402611nas a2200253   4500008004100000245011600041210006900157260001200226520177500238653001202013653002502025653003202050653001402082653002402096100002102120700002202141700002802163700002102191700002302212700002102235700001502256700002302271856006302294       2019                        eng d00aEnvironmental controls on bacteriohopanepolyol profiles of benthic microbial mats from Lake Fryxell, Antarctica0 aEnvironmental controls on bacteriohopanepolyol profiles of benth  c07/20193 a<p>Bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs) are pentacyclic triterpenoid lipids that contribute to the structural integrity and physiology of some bacteria. Because some BHPs originate from specific classes of bacteria, BHPs have potential as taxonomically and environmentally diagnostic biomarkers. For example, a stereoisomer of bacteriohopanetetrol (informally BHT II) has been associated with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria and suboxic to anoxic marine environments where anammox is active. As a result, the detection of BHT II in the sedimentary record and fluctuations in the relative abundance of BHT II may inform reconstructions of nitrogen cycling and ocean redox changes through the geological record. However, there are uncertainties concerning the sources of BHT II and whether or not BHT II is produced in abundance in non‐marine environments, both of which are pertinent to interpretations of BHT II signatures in sediments. To address these questions, we investigate the BHP composition of benthic microbial mats from Lake Fryxell, Antarctica. Lake Fryxell is a perennially ice‐covered lake with a sharp oxycline in a density‐stabilized water column. We describe the diversity and abundance of BHPs in benthic microbial mats across a transect from oxic to anoxic conditions. Generally, BHP abundances and diversity vary with the morphologies of microbial mats, which were previously shown to reflect local environmental conditions, such as irradiance and oxygen and sulfide concentrations. BHT II was identified in mats that exist within oxic to anoxic portions of the lake. However, anammox bacteria have yet to be identified in Lake Fryxell. We examine our results in the context of BHPs as biomarkers in modern and ancient environments.</p>10aanammox10abacteriohopanepolyol10abacteriohopanetetrol isomer10abiomarker10aMcMurdo Dry Valleys1 aMatys, Emily, D.1 aMackey, Tyler, J.1 aGrettenberger, Christen1 aMueller, Elliott1 aJungblut, Anne, D.1 aSumner, Dawn, Y.1 aHawes, Ian1 aSummons, Roger, E.  uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/gbi.1235302449nas a2200169   4500008004100000245008400041210006900125260001200194490000700206520189300213100003002106700002102136700002202157700001502179700002302194856006202217       2019                        eng d00aIn a PICL: The sedimentary deposits and facies of perennially ice-covered lakes0 aIn a PICL The sedimentary deposits and facies of perennially ice  c04/20190 v663 a<p>Perennially ice‐covered lakes can have significantly different facies than open‐water lakes because sediment is transported onto the ice, where it accumulates, and sand grains preferentially melt through to be deposited on the lake floor. To characterize the facies in these lakes, sedimentary deposits from five Antarctic perennially ice‐covered lakes were described using lake‐bottom observations, underwater video and images, and sediment cores. One lake was dominated by laminated microbial mats and mud (derived from an abutting glacier), with disseminated sand and rare gravel. The other four lakes were dominated by laminated microbial mats and moderately well to moderately sorted medium to very coarse sand with sparse granules and pebbles; they contained minor interstitial or laminated mud (derived from streams and abutting glaciers). The sand was disseminated or localized in mounds and 1 m to more than 10 m long elongate ridges. Mounds were centimetres to metres in diameter; conical, elongate or round in shape; and isolated or deposited near or on top of one another. Sand layers in the mounds had normal, inverse, or no grading. Nine mixed mud and sand facies were defined for perennially ice‐covered lakes based on the relative proportion of mud to sand and the style of sand deposition. While perennially ice‐covered lake facies overlap with other ice‐influenced lakes and glaciomarine facies, they are characterized by a paucity of grains coarser than granules, a narrow range in sand grain sizes, and inverse grading in the sand mounds. These facies can be used to infer changes in ice cover through time and to identify perennially ice‐covered lakes in the rock record. Ancient perennially ice‐covered lakes are expected on Earth and Mars, and their characterization will provide new insights into past climatic conditions and habitability.</p>1 aRivera-Hernandez, Frances1 aSumner, Dawn, Y.1 aMackey, Tyler, J.1 aHawes, Ian1 aAndersen, Dale, T.  uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/sed.1252202454nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245011100055210006900166260001200235300001600247490000700263520153600270653001501806653001501821653003701836653002101873653002401894653003201918100002001950700001601970700002601986700002102012700001402033700002302047700001502070856007902085       2019                        eng d  a1558-842400aMeteorological connectivity from regions of high biodiversity within the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica0 aMeteorological connectivity from regions of high biodiversity wi  c11/2019  a2437 - 24520 v583 a<p>Meteorological connectivity between biological hot spots of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDVs) of Antarctica is thought to play a role in species distribution and abundance through the aeolian transport of bioaerosols. Understanding the potential role of such meteorological connectivity requires an understanding of near-surface wind flow within and between valley airsheds. To address this, we applied Lagrangian wind trajectory modeling to mesoscale (spatial resolution of ~1 km) weather model output to predict connectivity pathways, focusing on regions of high biodiversity. Our models produce maps of a likelihood metric of wind connectivity that demonstrate the synoptic and mesoscale dependence of connections between local, near-local, and nonlocal areas on wind transport, modulated by synoptic weather and topographic forcing. These connectivity areas can have spatial trends modulated by the synoptic weather patterns and locally induced topographically forced winds. This method is transferrable to other regions of Antarctica for broader terrestrial, coastal, and offshore ecological connectivity research. Also, our analysis and methods can inform better placement of aeolian dust and bioaerosol samplers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, provide preliminary guidelines behind the meteorological controls of sediment transport and smaller particle distribution, and present quantifiable knowledge informing new hypotheses around the potential of wind acting as a physical driver for biological connectivity in the MDVs.</p>10aAntarctica10aatmosphere10abiosphere-atmosphere interaction10amesoscale models10amesoscale processes10anumerical analysis/modeling1 aKaturji, Marwan1 aKhan, Basit1 aSprenger, Michael, A.1 aDatta, Rajasweta1 aJoy, Kurt1 aZawar-Reza, Peyman1 aHawes, Ian  uhttps://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/apme/58/11/jamc-d-18-0336.1.xml02953nas a2200169   4500008004100000245010500041210006900146260001200215300001400227490000700241520241100248100001502659700002302674700002202697700002102719856004302740       2016                        eng d00aGrowth dynamics of a laminated microbial mat in response to variable irradiance in an Antarctic lake0 aGrowth dynamics of a laminated microbial mat in response to vari  c02/2016  a396 - 4100 v613 a<ol class="o-list--numbered o-list--paragraph" id="fwb12715-list-0001" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3em; margin-left: 6em; outline: 0px; font-size: 10px; list-style-position: outside; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', sans-serif; line-height: 14px; background: 0px 0px rgb(249, 249, 249);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0.5em; outline: 0px; font-size: 1.6em; background: 0px 0px;">Laminated microbial mats are important ecosystem components of perennially ice-covered Antarctic dry valley lakes. In order to understand better their response to changing environment, we made observations and carried out a manipulation experiment to determine their response to variations in irradiance in Lake Hoare (77&deg;38&prime; S, 162&deg;53&prime; E).</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0.5em; outline: 0px; font-size: 1.6em; background: 0px 0px;">Ice transparency was the most variable parameter that affected benthic light dose, both spatially and between years. Patterns of lamina accrual corresponded to irradiance history, with laminae that were initiated in high transmission years thicker than those from low transmission years.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0.5em; outline: 0px; font-size: 1.6em; background: 0px 0px;">A shading experiment confirmed that accrual of lamina thickness, calcite precipitation and ash-free dry mass were determined by irradiance, but photosynthetic biomass and phototrophic species composition were less affected.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0.5em; outline: 0px; font-size: 1.6em; background: 0px 0px;">Buried laminae decomposed only slowly over time, with potentially viable phototrophs many laminae down into the microbial mat. Decay rate increased only slightly with shading.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.8em; padding-left: 0.5em; outline: 0px; font-size: 1.6em; background: 0px 0px;">We conclude that the microbial mats in Lake Hoare are characterised by remarkable stability, with slow accumulation rates and turnover of biomass over time. Photosynthetic biomass and species composition appeared to be stable across long time periods, with interannual variation in lamination pattern due to differential accumulation of extracellular polysaccharide and representing the visible expression of annual growth conditions.</li></ol>1 aHawes, Ian1 aJungblut, Anne, D.1 aObryk, Maciek, K.1 aDoran, Peter, T.  uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/fwb.1271502462nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001300041245008800054210006900142260001600211300001400227490000800241520184200249100002102091700002202112700002302134700002502157700001502182856007102197       2016                        eng d  a0921818100aLake Vanda: A sentinel for climate change in the McMurdo Sound Region of Antarctica0 aLake Vanda A sentinel for climate change in the McMurdo Sound Re  cJan-09-2016  a213 - 2270 v1443 a<p>Lake Vanda is a perennially ice-covered, meromictic, endorheic lake located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, and an exceptional sentinel of climate change within the region. Lake levels rose 15 m over the past 68 years in response to climate-driven variability in ice-cover sublimation, meltwater production, and annual discharge of the Onyx River, the main source of water to the lake. Evidence from a new bathymetric map and water balance model combined with annual growth laminations in benthic mats suggest that the most recent filling trend began abruptly 80 years ago, in the early 1930s. This change increased lake volume by &gt; 50%, triggered the formation of a new, upper, thermohaline convection cell, and cooled the lower convection cell by at least 2 &deg;C and the bottom-most waters by at &gt; 4 &deg;C. Additionally, the depth of the deep chlorophyll a maximum rose by &gt; 2 m, and deep-growing benthic algal mats declined while shallow benthic mats colonized freshly inundated areas. We attribute changes in hydrology to regional variations in air flow related to the strength and position of the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL) pressure system which have increased the frequency of down-valley, föhn winds associated with surface air temperature warming in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. The ASL has also been implicated in the recent warming of the Antarctic Peninsula, and provides a common link for climate-related change on opposite sides of the continent. If this trend persists, Lake Vanda should continue to rise and cool over the next 200 years until a new equilibrium lake level is achieved. Most likely, future lake rise will lead to isothermal conditions not conducive to thermohaline convection, resulting in a drastically different physical, biogeochemical, and biological structure than observed today.</p>1 aCastendyk, Devin1 aObryk, Maciek, K.1 aLeidman, Sasha, Z.1 aGooseff, Michael, N.1 aHawes, Ian  uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092181811530014X00761nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245009900055210006900154260001200223300001400235490000700249100002300256700001500279700002200294700001800316700002100334700002100355700002400376700001900400700002700419700001800446856005500464       2016                        eng d  a0099-224000aMicrobial Mat Communities along an Oxygen Gradient in a Perennially Ice-Covered Antarctic Lake0 aMicrobial Mat Communities along an Oxygen Gradient in a Perennia  c01/2016  a620 - 6300 v821 aJungblut, Anne, D.1 aHawes, Ian1 aMackey, Tyler, J.1 aKrusor, Megan1 aDoran, Peter, T.1 aSumner, Dawn, Y.1 aEisen, Jonathan, A.1 aHillman, Colin1 aGoroncy, Alexander, K.1 aStams, A., J.  uhttp://aem.asm.org/lookup/doi/10.1128/AEM.02699-1504921nas a2200181   4500008004100000022001400041245008200055210006900137260001200206300001300218520434700231100002104578700001504599700002204614700002304636700002104659856005904680       2015                        eng d  a0091-761300aAntarctic microbial mats: A modern analog for Archean lacustrine oxygen oases0 aAntarctic microbial mats A modern analog for Archean lacustrine   c10/2015  aG36966.13 a<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700">The evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis was the most important geochemical event in </span></p><p><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700">Earth history, causing the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) ~2.4 b.y. ago. However, evidence is mixed as to whether O</span><span style="font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: -3.000000pt">2 </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700">production occurred locally as much as 2.8 b.y. ago, creating O</span><span style="font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: -3.000000pt">2 </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700">oases, or initiated just prior to the GOE. The biogeochemical dynamics of possible O</span><span style="font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: -3.000000pt">2 </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700">oases have been poorly constrained due to the absence of modern analogs. However, cyanobacteria in microbial mats in a perennially anoxic region of Lake Fryxell, Antarctica, create a 1&ndash;2 mm O</span><span style="font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: -3.000000pt">2</span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700">-containing layer in the upper mat during summer, providing the first known modern analog for formation of benthic O</span><span style="font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: -3.000000pt">2 </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700">oases. In Lake Fryxell, benthic cyanobacteria are present below the oxycline in the lake. Mat photosynthesis rates were slow due to low photon flux rate (1&ndash;2 μmol m</span><span style="font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Symbol'; vertical-align: 3.000000pt">-</span><span style="font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: 3.000000pt">2 </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700">s</span><span style="font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Symbol'; vertical-align: 3.000000pt">-</span><span style="font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: 3.000000pt">1</span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700">) under thick ice cover, but photosynthetic O</span><span style="font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: -3.000000pt">2 </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700">production was sufficient to sustain up to 50 μmol O</span><span style="font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: -3.000000pt">2 </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700">L</span><span style="font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Symbol'; vertical-align: 3.000000pt">-</span><span style="font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: 3.000000pt">1</span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700">, sandwiched between anoxic overlying water and anoxic sedi- ments. We hypothesize that Archean cyanobacteria could have similarly created O</span><span style="font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: -3.000000pt">2 </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700">oases in benthic mats prior to the GOE. Analogous mats may have been at least partly responsible for geological evidence of oxidative weathering prior to the GOE, and habitats such as Lake Fryxell provide natural laboratories where the impact of benthic O</span><span style="font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: -3.000000pt">2 </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700">oases on biogeochemical signatures can be investigated.&nbsp;</span></p></div></div></div></div><p>&nbsp;</p>1 aSumner, Dawn, Y.1 aHawes, Ian1 aMackey, Tyler, J.1 aJungblut, Anne, D.1 aDoran, Peter, T.  uhttp://geology.gsapubs.org/lookup/doi/10.1130/G36966.103959nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245008900055210006900144260001200213300001600225490000700241520327000248100001403518700002303532700001503555700002303570700002103593700002203614856011703636       2015                        eng d  a0722-406000aCyanobacterial diversity in benthic mats of the McMurdo Dry Valley lakes, Antarctica0 aCyanobacterial diversity in benthic mats of the McMurdo Dry Vall  c01/2015  a1097 - 11100 v383 a<div>Perennially ice-covered, meromictic lakes in&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 0.923em; line-height: 1.5em;">the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, are useful models to&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 0.923em; line-height: 1.5em;">study the relationship between cyanobacterial and environmental&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 0.923em; line-height: 1.5em;">variables. They have rich benthic cyanobacterial&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 0.923em; line-height: 1.5em;">mat accumulations and stable stratification of physical and&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 0.923em; line-height: 1.5em;">chemical conditions. Here, we evaluated cyanobacteria&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 0.923em; line-height: 1.5em;">from benthic mats from multiple depths in three geographically&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 0.923em; line-height: 1.5em;">separated ice-covered lakes, Lakes Vanda,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 0.923em; line-height: 1.5em;">Hoare and Joyce, using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. We&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 0.923em; line-height: 1.5em;">identified 19 ribotypes, mostly Oscillatoriales and several</span></div><div>Chroococcales, as well as potentially novel cyanobacterial&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 0.923em; line-height: 1.5em;">ribotypes. The majority of ribotype diversity was shared&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 0.923em; line-height: 1.5em;">between lakes, and only a weak relationship between ribotype&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 0.923em; line-height: 1.5em;">community structure and environmental variables&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 0.923em; line-height: 1.5em;">was evident. Multivariate analysis of all lake&ndash;depth combinations&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 0.923em; line-height: 1.5em;">implied that photosynthetically active radiation,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 0.923em; line-height: 1.5em;">dissolved reactive phosphorus and conductivity were&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 0.923em; line-height: 1.5em;">potentially important for shaping benthic communities in&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 0.923em; line-height: 1.5em;">McMurdo Dry Valley lakes. Cyanobacterial-specific pigment&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 0.923em; line-height: 1.5em;">signature analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography</span></div><div>showed that the cyanobacterial communities&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 0.923em; line-height: 1.5em;">responded to light conditions similarly, irrespective of&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 0.923em; line-height: 1.5em;">community composition. The results imply a capability&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 0.923em; line-height: 1.5em;">within a suite of cyanobacteria to colonise, adapt and grow&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 0.923em; line-height: 1.5em;">across broad environmental ranges and geographic space,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 0.923em; line-height: 1.5em;">and such adaptability may provide a high degree of community&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 0.923em; line-height: 1.5em;">resistance and resilience to future climate-driven&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 0.923em; line-height: 1.5em;">environmental change in Antarctic terrestrial aquatic</span></div><div>ecosystems.</div>1 aZhang, L.1 aJungblut, Anne, D.1 aHawes, Ian1 aAndersen, Dale, T.1 aSumner, Dawn, Y.1 aMackey, Tyler, J.  uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00300-015-1669-0http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00300-015-1669-002341nas a2200157   4500008004100000245017500041210006900216260001200285300001200297490000700309520168800316100001502004700001402019700002102033856012902054       2014                        eng d00aEstimating photosynthetic activity in microbial mats in an ice-covered Antarctic lake using automated oxygen microelectode profiling and variable chlorophyll fluorescence0 aEstimating photosynthetic activity in microbial mats in an iceco  c08/2014  a674-6880 v593 a An automated oxygen microprofiler measured a positive flux of oxygen from microbial mats in ice-covered Lake Hoare, Antarctica, from noon, at a photon flux of 20 µmol m−2 s−1, through to midnight (< 2 µmol photons m−2 s−1). Daily average oxygen flux was 200 µmol m−2 h−1; and, whereas it was maximal at noon, when a 10 mm broad concentration peak was observed 5 mm below the mat surface, flux correlated only weakly with irradiance. In contrast, relative electron transfer rate, estimated from variable chlorophyll fluorescence, suggested a linear relationship between photosystem activity and irradiance. This contradiction arose because of the conjunction of photosynthetic production of oxygen deep into these transparent, gelatinous mats (diel oxygen change was observed to 17 mm depth) and oxygen diffusion rates too slow to allow equilibration of oxygen concentration profiles with instantaneous production and consumption of oxygen. To confirm this, we developed a mathematical simulation of oxygen dynamics that included diffusion, photosynthesis, and respiration. The simulation further indicated that (1) net oxygen evolution is light limited is and confined to the upper few millimeters of the mat, (2) below 5–7 mm, respiration balanced photosynthesis, (3) below 17 mm, respiration and photosynthesis approached zero, even though organic carbon and dissolved oxygen were present, and (4) photosynthesis deep into the mat was dependent on high light transmission through the gelatinous matrix. These conclusions are consistent with current understanding of mat growth dynamics and point to approaches for long-term analysis of microbial mat productivity.1 aHawes, Ian1 aGiles, H.1 aDoran, Peter, T.  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/estimating-photosynthetic-activity-microbial-mats-ice-covered-antarctic-lake-using-automated00649nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001800041245010800059210006900167260004200236300001400278100002200292700001700314700001500331700002200346700002100368856009000389       2010                        eng d  a978052188919300aSaline lakes and ponds in the McMurdo Dry Valleys: ecological analogs to martian paleolake environments0 aSaline lakes and ponds in the McMurdo Dry Valleys ecological ana  aCambridgebCambridge University Press  a160 - 1941 aMikucki, Jill, A.1 aLyons, Berry1 aHawes, Ian1 aLanoil, Brian, D.1 aDoran, Peter, T.  uhttp://ebooks.cambridge.org/chapter.jsf?bid=CBO9780511712258&cid=CBO9780511712258A01300481nas a2200145   4500008004100000245003600041210003500077260003600112100001500148700002700163700002400190700002500214700002800239856006800267       2008                        eng d00aIce-based freshwater ecosystems0 aIcebased freshwater ecosystems  aOxfordbOxford University Press1 aHawes, Ian1 aHoward-Williams, Clive1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aVincent, Warwick, F.1 aLaybourn-Parry, Johanna  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/ice-based-freshwater-ecosystems00685nas a2200205   4500008004100000245010300041210006900144260000900213490000700222100002300229700002300252700002900275700001500304700002300319700002100342700001500363700001500378700002500393856006100418       2008                        eng d00aReply to comment by K. Gajewski on “Abrupt environmental change in Canada's northernmost lake”0 aReply to comment by K Gajewski on Abrupt environmental change in  c20080 v351 aAntoniades, Dermot1 aCrawley, Catherine1 aDouglas, Marianne, S. V.1 aPienitz, R1 aAndersen, Dale, T.1 aDoran, Peter, T.1 aHawes, Ian1 aPollard, W1 aVincent, Warwick, F.  uhttp://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2008/2007GL032889.shtml00600nas a2200145   4500008004100000245011900041210006900160300001200229490000700241100001500248700002400263700001500287700002700302856012500329       2006                        eng d00aEnvironmental factors associated with deep chlorophyll maxima in dry valley lakes, South Victoria Land, Antarctica0 aEnvironmental factors associated with deep chlorophyll maxima in  a179-1890 v381 aBurnett, L1 aMoorhead, Daryl, L.1 aHawes, Ian1 aHoward-Williams, Clive  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/environmental-factors-associated-deep-chlorophyll-maxima-dry-valley-lakes-south-victoria00509nas a2200121   4500008004100000245009600041210006900137490000700206100002400213700001700237700001500254856011800269       2005                        eng d00aContributions of Benthic Microbial Mats to Net Primary Production in Lake Hoare, Antarctica0 aContributions of Benthic Microbial Mats to Net Primary Productio0 v171 aMoorhead, Daryl, L.1 aSchmeling, S1 aHawes, Ian  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/contributions-benthic-microbial-mats-net-primary-production-lake-hoare-antarctica00512nas a2200121   4500008004100000245010700041210006900148300000900217490000700226100001500233700001800248856012400266       2001                        eng d00aAbsorption and utilization of low irradiance by cyanobacterial mats in two ice-covered Antarctic lakes0 aAbsorption and utilization of low irradiance by cyanobacterial m  a5-150 v371 aHawes, Ian1 aSchwartz, A-M  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/absorption-and-utilization-low-irradiance-cyanobacterial-mats-two-ice-covered-antarctic00696nas a2200157   4500008004100000245019500041210006900236300001000305490000700315100001500322700002400337700001800361700001700379700001600396856012600412       2001                        eng d00aBenthic primary production in two perennially ice-covered Antarctic lakes: comparisons of annual accumulation predicted from photosynthesis models with estimates from internal growth markers0 aBenthic primary production in two perennially icecovered Antarct  a18-270 v131 aHawes, Ian1 aMoorhead, Daryl, L.1 aSutherland, J1 aSchmeling, J1 aSchwartz, A  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/benthic-primary-production-two-perennially-ice-covered-antarctic-lakes-comparisons-annual00523nas a2200121   4500008004100000245011300041210006900154300001200223490000700235100001500242700002400257856012000281       1999                        eng d00aMcMurdo LTER: Photosynthesis in an extreme shade habitat: benthic microbial mats from Lake Hoare, Antarctica0 aMcMurdo LTER Photosynthesis in an extreme shade habitat benthic   a448-4590 v351 aHawes, Ian1 aSchwarz, Anne-Maree  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/mcmurdo-lter-photosynthesis-extreme-shade-habitat-benthic-microbial-mats-lake-hoare00517nas a2200145   4500008004100000245006700041210006600108300001200174490000700186100002700193700002400220700001500244700002100259856009100280       1998                        eng d00aOptical Properties of the McMurdo Dry Valley Lakes, Antarctica0 aOptical Properties of the McMurdo Dry Valley Lakes Antarctica  a189-2030 v721 aHoward-Williams, Clive1 aSchwarz, Anne-Maree1 aHawes, Ian1 aPriscu, John, C.  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/optical-properties-mcmurdo-dry-valley-lakes-antarctica00480nas a2200121   4500008004100000245008300041210006900124300001200193490000700205100001500212700002700227856010400254       1998                        eng d00aPrimary Production Processes in Streams of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica0 aPrimary Production Processes in Streams of the McMurdo Dry Valle  a129-1400 v721 aHawes, Ian1 aHoward-Williams, Clive  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/primary-production-processes-streams-mcmurdo-dry-valleys-antarctica00597nas a2200169   4500008004100000245007200041210006700113260002900180300001200209100001700221700002400238700001700262700001700279700002700296700001500323856008900338       1997                        eng d00aThe abundance of planktonic virus-like particles in Antarctic lakes0 aabundance of planktonic viruslike particles in Antarctic lakes  aRotterdambBalkema Press  a241-2501 aKepner, R.L.1 aWharton, Robert, A.1 aGalchenko, V1 aLyons, Berry1 aHoward-Williams, Clive1 aHawes, Ian  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/abundance-planktonic-virus-particles-antarctic-lakes00661nas a2200169   4500008004100000245009900041210006900140260002900209300001200238100002400250700001700274700002400291700001700315700002700332700001500359856011700374       1997                        eng d00aCarbon dynamics of aquatic microbial mats in the Antarctic dry valleys:  A modelling synthesis0 aCarbon dynamics of aquatic microbial mats in the Antarctic dry v  bBalkema Press, Rotterdam  a181-1961 aMoorhead, Daryl, L.1 aDavis, Shane1 aWharton, Robert, A.1 aLyons, Berry1 aHoward-Williams, Clive1 aHawes, Ian  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/carbon-dynamics-aquatic-microbial-mats-antarctic-dry-valleys-modelling-synthesis00811nas a2200217   4500008004100000245012400041210006900165260002900234300001200263100001700275700002400292700001800316700001400334700002300348700001900371700002400390700001700414700002700431700001500458856012000473       1997                        eng d00aChemical weathering rates and reactions in the Lake Fryxell Basin, Taylor Valley : Comparison to temperate river basins0 aChemical weathering rates and reactions in the Lake Fryxell Basi  bBalkema Press, Rotterdam  a147-1541 aLyons, Berry1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aNezat, C., A.1 aCrick, K.1 aToxey, Jeffrey, K.1 aMastrine, J.A.1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.1 aLyons, Berry1 aHoward-Williams, Clive1 aHawes, Ian  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/chemical-weathering-rates-and-reactions-lake-fryxell-basin-taylor-valley-comparison00670nas a2200181   4500008004100000245009200041210006900133260002900202300001200231100001700243700002200260700002300282700002100305700001700326700002700343700001500370856010300385       1997                        eng d00aClimate history of the McMurdo Dry Valleys since the last glacial maximum:  A synthesis0 aClimate history of the McMurdo Dry Valleys since the last glacia  bBalkema Press, Rotterdam  a155-1621 aLyons, Berry1 aBartek, Louis, R.1 aMayewski, Paul, A.1 aDoran, Peter, T.1 aLyons, Berry1 aHoward-Williams, Clive1 aHawes, Ian  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/climate-history-mcmurdo-dry-valleys-last-glacial-maximum-synthesis00462nas a2200145   4500008004100000245004200041210003800083260002900121300001200150100002800162700001700190700002700207700001500234856006700249       1997                        eng d00aThe microbial loop in Antarctic lakes0 amicrobial loop in Antarctic lakes  aRotterdambBalkema Press  a231-2401 aLaybourn-Parry, Johanna1 aLyons, Berry1 aHoward-Williams, Clive1 aHawes, Ian  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/microbial-loop-antarctic-lakes00672nas a2200181   4500008004100000245008800041210006900129260002900198300001200227100002700239700001500266700002400281700002000305700001700325700002700342700001500369856010600384       1997                        eng d00aSources and sinks of nutrients in a polar desert stream, the Onyx River, Antarctica0 aSources and sinks of nutrients in a polar desert stream the Onyx  aRotterdambBalkema Press  a155-1701 aHoward-Williams, Clive1 aHawes, Ian1 aSchwarz, Anne-Maree1 aHall, Julie, A.1 aLyons, Berry1 aHoward-Williams, Clive1 aHawes, Ian  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/sources-and-sinks-nutrients-polar-desert-stream-onyx-river-antarctica00795nas a2200193   4500008004100000245015600041210006900197260002900266300001200295100002000307700002000327700002400347700001900371700002500390700001700415700002700432700001500459856012700474       1997                        eng d00aSpecies composition and primary production of algal communities in Dry Valley streams in Antarctica: Examination of the functional role of biodiversity0 aSpecies composition and primary production of algal communities   bBalkema Press, Rotterdam  a171-1791 aNiyogi, Dev, K.1 aTate, Cathy, M.1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.1 aDuff, John, H.1 aAlger, Alexander, S.1 aLyons, Berry1 aHoward-Williams, Clive1 aHawes, Ian  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/species-composition-and-primary-production-algal-communities-dry-valley-streams-antarctica00496nas a2200121   4500008004100000245009200041210006900133300001200202490000700214100001500221700002400236856011400260       1995                        eng d00aMcMurdo LTER: Photosynthesis in benthic cyanobacterial mats from Lake Hoare, Antarctica0 aMcMurdo LTER Photosynthesis in benthic cyanobacterial mats from   a296-2970 v301 aHawes, Ian1 aSchwarz, Anne-Maree  uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/mcmurdo-lter-photosynthesis-benthic-cyanobacterial-mats-lake-hoare-antarctica