01795nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245009300055210006900148260001200217520099200229653002501221653001901246653002401265100002101289700002901310700002201339700001701361700001701378856019401395 2023 eng d a0260-305500aChange at 85 degrees south: Shackleton Glacier region proglacial lakes from 1960 to 20200 aChange at 85 degrees south Shackleton Glacier region proglacial  c05/20233 a

Over the last two decades, anomalous warming events have been observed in coastal Antarctic regions. While these events have been documented in the Ross Sea sector, the Antarctic interior is believed to have been buffered from warming. In this work, we present data from lakes located near Mt. Heekin and Thanksgiving Valley (~85° S) along the Shackleton Glacier, which are believed to be the southern-most Antarctic dry valley lakes. In 2018, the lakes were characterized, repeat satellite images were examined, and lake water chemistry was measured. Our analysis shows that lake areas recently increased, and the water-soluble ion chemistry indicates a flushing of salts from periglacial soils, likely from increased glacial melt as illustrated by water isotope data. Our results show that high southern latitude ice-free areas have likely been affected by warm pulses over the past 60 years and these pulses may be quasi-synchronous throughout the Transantarctic Mountains.

10aAntarctic glaciology10aclimate change10ameltwater chemistry1 aDiaz, Melisa, A.1 aGardner, Christopher, B.1 aElliot, David, H.1 aAdams, Byron1 aLyons, Berry uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/annals-of-glaciology/article/change-at-85-degrees-south-shackleton-glacier-region-proglacial-lakes-from-1960-to-2020/565D96AD7AE72BD22C49CCB772867AC402885nas a2200241 4500008004100000245006300041210006200104260004100166300001200207520209300219653003102312653003602343653002402379653001902403653002402422100001602446700001702462700002302479700001702502700002402519700002502543856007502568 2021 eng d00aChemical weathering in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica0 aChemical weathering in the McMurdo Dry Valleys Antarctica aHoboken, NJbJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc. a205-2163 a

While chemical weathering has not always been considered an active process in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV), Antarctica, long‐term geochemical and hydrological investigations have provided an overall better understanding of chemical weathering in this polar desert environment. Liquid water on the landscape is limited to stream channels as well as shallow subsurface melt features, as there is no overland flow. Stream total suspended sediment loads are low, with the sources of sediment from stream channels, aeolian input, and/or from the surfaces of glaciers. MDV soils contain high concentrations of soluble salts with little clay material, but since absent of water, these soils are a minimal location of chemical weathering. Hyporheic zones exchange water during streamflow, and these areas control the stream geochemistry over various temporal scales. Hyporheic zones promote rapid aluminosilicate weathering by moving dilute glacial meltwater into intimate contact with sediment surfaces. Rapid weathering of the aluminosilicates in the streambed and hyporheic zones is the most plausible explanation for chemostasis observed in these streams, indicating that little to no catchment processes are necessary to explain the observed chemostasis in the MDV. Shallow subsurface waters with distinct geochemical signatures have much higher dissolved Si concentrations than the stream waters and indicate that they are responsible for enhanced aluminosilicate weathering in this polar desert environment. The dissolution of CaCO3 is also a major process in the hyporheic zones as generally the streams are unsaturated with respect to calcite. Cation‐exchange reactions are also important in the evolution from Na‐Cl brines to Ca‐Cl brines within the soil column, while authigenic CaCO3 can both dissolve and precipitate depending on the condition of the system. Recently, stream channel landscapes are changing due to the melting of buried ice, creating thermokarst and water track features, resulting in a sediment and solute influx to the stream.

10aaluminosilicate weathering10aCaCO3 dissolution/precipitation10achemical weathering10ahyporheic zone10aMcMurdo Dry Valleys1 aHunt, Allen1 aEgli, Markus1 aFaybishenko, Boris1 aLyons, Berry1 aLeslie, Deborah, L.1 aGooseff, Michael, N. uhttps://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781119563952.ch1102937nas a2200157 4500008004100000245006000041210006000101260001200161300001400173490000700187520246500194100001702659700001402676700002402690856006502714 2017 eng d00aCa isotopic geochemistry of an Antarctic aquatic system0 aCa isotopic geochemistry of an Antarctic aquatic system c01/2017 a882 - 8910 v443 a

The McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, are a polar desert ecosystem. The hydrologic system of the dry valleys is linked to climate with ephemeral streams that flow from glacial melt during the austral summer. Past climate variations have strongly influenced the closed-basin, chemically stratified lakes on the valley floor. Results of previous work point to important roles for both in-stream processes (e.g., mineral weathering, precipitation and dissolution of salts) and in-lake processes (e.g., mixing with paleo-seawater and calcite precipitation) in determining the geochemistry of these lakes. These processes have a significant influence on calcium (Ca) biogeochemistry in this aquatic ecosystem, and thus variations in Ca stable isotope compositions of the waters can aid in validating the importance of these processes. We have analyzed the Ca stable isotope compositions of streams and lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. The results validate the important roles of weathering of aluminosilicate minerals and/or CaCO3 in the hyporheic zone of the streams, and mixing of lake surface water with paleo-seawater and precipitation of Ca-salts during cryo-concentration events to form the deep lake waters. The lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys evolved following different geochemical pathways, evidenced by their unique, nonsystematic Ca isotope signatures. 

1 aLyons, Berry1 aBullen, T1 aWelch, Kathleen, A. uhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL071169/full02219nas a2200133 4500008004100000245013600041210006900177260004400246490000900290520170700299100002502006700001702031856003702048 2017 eng d00aComparing the Weathering Environment of Permian and Modern Antarctic Proglacial Lake Sediments: Mineralogical and Geochemical Study0 aComparing the Weathering Environment of Permian and Modern Antar aColumbus, OHbThe Ohio State University0 vB.S.3 a

The Antarctic continent has been in a polar to subpolar position since the Permian period. Although it has experienced milder climates over this time period as evidenced by corals in the fossil record, Antarctica did undergo extensive glaciation during the Permian. This is based on the abundance of Permian tillites (sedimentary rocks derived from glacier tills) found in the Transantarctic Mountains. In this research, I have compared Permian age proglacial lake sediments that are associated with tilites to modern proglacial lake siltstones and mudstones from Antarctica. This was done to determine the climate, especially the amount of glacier melt that occurred when these Permian sediments were deposited. The modern lake sediments are deposited in perennially ice-covered lakes by ephemeral streams that only flow 6 to 12 weeks a year. The geochemical analyses of the Permian samples and the modern sediments from Lake Hoare in the McMurdo Dry Valleys suggest that the Permian samples are more highly chemically weathered than the modern sediments. The mineralogy of Lake Hoare sediments contain more primary minerals than chemical weathering produced minerals in the Pagoda Formation rocks, thus supporting the geochemical analysis that the Pagoda Formation minerals have been more weathered. All these data suggest that the Permian lake samples were deposited in a warmer, more hydrogeologically active environment than were the modern lake sediments. These data support previously published sedimentological and paleontological data that the Pagoda samples were deposited under more temperate or warm-based proglacial conditions than what is observed in the McMurdo Dry Valleys today.

1 aBrewster, Shelby, A.1 aLyons, Berry uhttp://hdl.handle.net/1811/8076303075nas a2200157 4500008004100000024003700041245014500078210006900223260003500292300000700327490002500334520248000359100002402839700001702863856003702880 2015 eng d ahttp://hdl.handle.net/1811/6888700aChemical Weathering and Mineralogy of McMurdo Dry Valley Streams: Examining the Controls of Current and Future Ephemeral Stream Geochemistry0 aChemical Weathering and Mineralogy of McMurdo Dry Valley Streams aOhio State Universityc05/2015 a380 vUndergraduate Theses3 a

The McMurdo Dry Valleys form the largest ice-free region in Antarctica and are the coldest, driest deserts in the world. But, for approximately 6-12 weeks per year in the austral summer, continuous sunlight and near-freezing temperatures create meltwater streams that descend from the surrounding alpine glaciers. These ephemeral streams are a distinctive feature in the barren dry valley landscape and are important sources of nutrients and solutes from the weathering of streambed and hyporheic zone materials. This setting has been a US National Science Foundation funded Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) project since 1993. A major goal of the McMurdo LTER is to understand how liquid water, the primary limiting condition for life in Antarctica, is affected by climate variability. The McMurdo Dry Valleys are extremely climate-sensitive and even seemingly small variations in temperature can have a drastic effect on hydrological activity. The McMurdo LTER program has been successful in collecting and analyzing a large amount of stream data pertaining to weathering products but, a more comprehensive analysis and interpretation of the data have yet to be undertaken. Assessment of current and future stream geochemistry is critical to predict the impact of increased water flow due to glacier melt and increasing temperature which could greatly influence the ecological function and biologic diversity in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Surface sediments were collected at multiple locations from ephemeral streams and analyzed using a scanning electron microscope and x-ray diffraction to determine sediment mineralogy and evidence of chemical weathering. Geochemical reactions were modeled using previously collected stream water data and the USGS PHREEQC software for the speciation calculations and the assessment of the solubility controlling solid phases. Chemical weathering was apparent through visible mineral alteration and the formation of secondary weathering products. Modeling results indicate that stream geochemistry will not significantly be affected by increased water temperature in the future. These results suggest stream geochemistry and chemical weathering may instead be controlled primarily through hydrologic exchange in the hyporheic zone.

1 aScheuermann, Jordan1 aLyons, Berry uhttp://hdl.handle.net/1811/6888708594nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001300041245020300054210006900257260001200326300001400338490000800352520755800360100001907918700002407937700002007961700002407981700002308005700002308028700001708051700002708068700002708095856023008122 2015 eng d a0009254100aComparison of arsenic and molybdenum geochemistry in meromictic lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: Implications for oxyanion-forming trace element behavior in permanently stratified lakes0 aComparison of arsenic and molybdenum geochemistry in meromictic  c05/2015 a110 - 1250 v4043 a

Water samples were collected for arsenic (As) and molybdenum (Mo) analysis from different depths in Lakes Hoare and Fryxell, both of which are located in the Taylor Valley within the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. Sampling depths within each lake were chosen to capture variations in As and Mo concentrations and As speciation in the oxic mixolimnia and anoxic monimolimnia of these meromictic lakes. Arsenic concentrations ranged from 0.67 nmol kg− 1 to 3.54 nmol kg− 1 in Lake Hoare and from 1.69 nmol kg− 1 to 17.5 nmol kg− 1 in Lake Fryxell. Molybdenum concentrations varied between 5.05 nmol kg− 1 and 43 nmol kg− 1 in Lake Hoare, and between 3.52 nmol kg− 1 and 25.5 nmol kg− 1 in Lake Fryxell. Concentrations of As and Mo generally increased with depth in the mixolimnion of each lake, consistent with uptake near the ice–water interface by organic particles and/or Fe/Mn oxides/oxyhydroxides, followed by gravitational settling and regeneration/remineralization at depth in the vicinity of the redoxcline. Arsenic concentrations either remained constant (Hoare) or increased with depth (Fryxell) in the anoxic monimolimnia, whereas Mo exhibited dramatic decreases in concentrations across the redoxcline in both lakes. Geochemical modeling predicts that As and Mo occur as thioanions in the anoxic bottom waters of Lakes Hoare and Fryxell, and further that the contrasting behavior of both trace elements reflects the respective reactivity of their thioanions towards Fe-sulfide minerals such as mackinawite (FeS) and/or pyrite (FeS2). More specifically, the geochemical model suggests that Fe-sulfide mineral precipitation in the anoxic monimolimnia of both lakes regulates dissolved sulfide concentrations at levels that are too low for As-sulfide minerals (e.g., orpiment, realgar) to precipitate, whereas mackinawite and/or pyrite react(s) with particle reactive thiomolybdate anions, possibly forming an Fe–Mo–S mineral that precipitates and, hence, leads to Mo removal from solution.

1 aYang, Ningfang1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aMohajerin, Jade1 aTelfeyan, Katherine1 aChevis, Darren, A.1 aGrimm, Deborah, A.1 aLyons, Berry1 aWhite, Christopher, D.1 aJohannesson, Karen, H. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0009254115001874http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0009254115001874?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0009254115001874?httpAccept=text/plain00663nas a2200193 4500008004100000245008400041210006900125260001200194300001200206490000700218100001700225700001700242700001700259700001900276700002400295700001900319700002400338856010700362 2013 eng d00aThe carbon stable isotope biogeochemistry of streams, Taylor Valley, Antarctica0 acarbon stable isotope biogeochemistry of streams Taylor Valley A c05/2013 a26 - 360 v321 aLyons, Berry1 aLeslie, D.L.1 aHarmon, R.S.1 aNeumann, Klaus1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aBisson, K., M.1 aMcKnight, Diane, M. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/carbon-stable-isotope-biogeochemistry-streams-taylor-valley-antarctica00648nas a2200157 4500008004100000245012800041210006900169300001000238490000700248100002000255700002400275700001700299700002200316700002400338856012800362 2005 eng d00aThe chemical composition of runoff from Canada Glacier, Antarctica: implications for glacier hydrology during a cool summer0 achemical composition of runoff from Canada Glacier Antarctica im a15-190 v401 aTranter, Martyn1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aLyons, Berry1 aNylen, Thomas, H.1 aWelch, Kathleen, A. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/chemical-composition-runoff-canada-glacier-antarctica-implications-glacier-hydrology-during00884nas a2200265 4500008004100000245007800041210007000119300001100189490000700200653002500207100002100232700001900253700002700272700002700299700002400326700002100350700001700371700001300388700002400401700002400425700002400449700002300473700002000496856010200516 2005 eng d00aComment on ``El Niño suppresses Antarctic warming'' by N. Bertler et al.0 aComment on El Niño suppresses Antarctic warming by N Bertler et  aL077060 v3210aTropical meteorology1 aDoran, Peter, T.1 aClow, Gary, D.1 aFritsen, Christian, H.1 aMcKay, Christopher, P.1 aParsons, Andrew, N.1 aPriscu, John, C.1 aLyons, Berry1 aWalsh, J1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.1 aMoorhead, Daryl, L.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/comment-el-ni%C3%B1o-suppresses-antarctic-warming-n-bertler-et-al00642nas a2200145 4500008004100000245014700041210006900188490000700257100001900264700001700283700002100300700002500321700002400346856012600370 2004 eng d00aThe Carbon Isotopic Composition of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in Perennially Ice-Covered Antarctica Lakes: Searching for a Biogenic Signature.0 aCarbon Isotopic Composition of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in Per0 v391 aNeumann, Klaus1 aLyons, Berry1 aPriscu, John, C.1 aDesMarais, David, J.1 aWelch, Kathleen, A. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/carbon-isotopic-composition-dissolved-inorganic-carbon-perennially-ice-covered-antarctica00702nas a2200181 4500008004100000020001500041245009900056210006900155260004300224300001200267653002100279100002400300700001700324700001800341700001900359700001800378856012400396 2003 eng d a019515059700aCentury to millennial scale climate change and ecosystem response in Taylor Valley, Antarctica0 aCentury to millennial scale climate change and ecosystem respons aNew York CitybOxford University Press a319-34010aClimate Response1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aLyons, Berry1 aGreenland, D.1 aGoodin, D., G.1 aSmith, R., C. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/century-millennial-scale-climate-change-and-ecosystem-response-taylor-valley-antarctica00679nas a2200169 4500008004100000245011200041210006900153260001700222100002400239700001900263700001700282700002400299700002700323700001700350700001500367856012700382 2003 eng d00aChemistry and lake dynamics of the Taylor Valley lakes, Antarctica: The importance of long-term monitoring.0 aChemistry and lake dynamics of the Taylor Valley lakes Antarctic bCaxton Press1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aNeumann, Klaus1 aLyons, Berry1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.1 aHoward-Williams, Clive1 aDavidson, W.1 aBroady, P. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/chemistry-and-lake-dynamics-taylor-valley-lakes-antarctica-importance-long-term-monitoring00539nas a2200121 4500008004100000245011500041210006900156260003000225490000900255100001200264700001700276856012400293 2002 eng d00aThe chemical evolution of Canada Glacier melt: supraglacial and proglacial waters in Taylor Valley, Antarctica0 achemical evolution of Canada Glacier melt supraglacial and progl bThe Ohio State University0 vM.S.1 aTegt, S1 aLyons, Berry uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/chemical-evolution-canada-glacier-melt-supraglacial-and-proglacial-waters-taylor-valley00510nas a2200133 4500008004100000245008300041210006900124300001400193490000800207100001800215700001700233700002400250856010200274 2001 eng d00aChemical weathering in streams of a polar desert (Taylor Valley, Antarctica).0 aChemical weathering in streams of a polar desert Taylor Valley A a1401-14080 v1131 aNezat, C., A.1 aLyons, Berry1 aWelch, Kathleen, A. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/chemical-weathering-streams-polar-desert-taylor-valley-antarctica00540nas a2200145 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126300001000195490000700205100001900212700001700231700002100248700001500269856011000284 2001 eng d00aCO2 concentrations in perennially ice-covered lakes of Taylor Valley, Antarctica0 aCO2 concentrations in perennially icecovered lakes of Taylor Val a27-500 v561 aNeumann, Klaus1 aLyons, Berry1 aPriscu, John, C.1 aDonahoe, R uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/co2-concentrations-perennially-ice-covered-lakes-taylor-valley-antarctica00868nas a2200229 4500008004100000245013400041210006900175260002800244300001200272100002400284700001700308700002400325700001700349700002400366700002200390700002100412700002700433700001800460700001900478700001800497856012300515 2000 eng d00aClimate and hydrologic variations and implications for lake and stream ecological response in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica0 aClimate and hydrologic variations and implications for lake and  bOxford University Press a174-1951 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aLyons, Berry1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.1 aJaros, Chris1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aNylen, Thomas, H.1 aDoran, Peter, T.1 aHoward-Williams, Clive1 aGreenland, D.1 aGoodin, D., G.1 aSmith, R., C. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/climate-and-hydrologic-variations-and-implications-lake-and-stream-ecological-response00481nas a2200121 4500008004100000245007000041210006900111260003800180490001000218100001900228700001700247856009500264 1999 eng d00aCarbon dynamics in lakes and streams of Taylor Valley, Antarctica0 aCarbon dynamics in lakes and streams of Taylor Valley Antarctica bUniversity of Alabama, Tuscaloosa0 vPh.D.1 aNeumann, Klaus1 aLyons, Berry uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/carbon-dynamics-lakes-and-streams-taylor-valley-antarctica00557nas a2200133 4500008004100000245011000041210006900151300001200220490000700232100001700239700002400256700001900280856012400299 1999 eng d00aChlorine-36 in the waters of the McMurdo Dry Valley lakes, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica: revisited0 aChlorine36 in the waters of the McMurdo Dry Valley lakes souther a185-1910 v621 aLyons, Berry1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aSharma, Pankaj uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/chlorine-36-waters-mcmurdo-dry-valley-lakes-southern-victoria-land-antarctica-revisited00492nas a2200121 4500008004100000245007500041210006900116260003800185490001000223100001800233700001700251856010200268 1998 eng d00aChemical Weathering in Taylor Valley, Antarctica: Quantity and Quality0 aChemical Weathering in Taylor Valley Antarctica Quantity and Qua bUniversity of Alabama, Tuscaloosa0 vPh.D.1 aNezat, C., A.1 aLyons, Berry uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/chemical-weathering-taylor-valley-antarctica-quantity-and-quality00661nas a2200169 4500008004100000245009900041210006900140260002900209300001200238100002400250700001700274700002400291700001700315700002700332700001500359856011700374 1997 eng d00aCarbon dynamics of aquatic microbial mats in the Antarctic dry valleys: A modelling synthesis0 aCarbon dynamics of aquatic microbial mats in the Antarctic dry v bBalkema Press, Rotterdam a181-1961 aMoorhead, Daryl, L.1 aDavis, Shane1 aWharton, Robert, A.1 aLyons, Berry1 aHoward-Williams, Clive1 aHawes, Ian uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/carbon-dynamics-aquatic-microbial-mats-antarctic-dry-valleys-modelling-synthesis00811nas a2200217 4500008004100000245012400041210006900165260002900234300001200263100001700275700002400292700001800316700001400334700002300348700001900371700002400390700001700414700002700431700001500458856012000473 1997 eng d00aChemical weathering rates and reactions in the Lake Fryxell Basin, Taylor Valley : Comparison to temperate river basins0 aChemical weathering rates and reactions in the Lake Fryxell Basi bBalkema Press, Rotterdam a147-1541 aLyons, Berry1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aNezat, C., A.1 aCrick, K.1 aToxey, Jeffrey, K.1 aMastrine, J.A.1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.1 aLyons, Berry1 aHoward-Williams, Clive1 aHawes, Ian uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/chemical-weathering-rates-and-reactions-lake-fryxell-basin-taylor-valley-comparison00670nas a2200181 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133260002900202300001200231100001700243700002200260700002300282700002100305700001700326700002700343700001500370856010300385 1997 eng d00aClimate history of the McMurdo Dry Valleys since the last glacial maximum: A synthesis0 aClimate history of the McMurdo Dry Valleys since the last glacia bBalkema Press, Rotterdam a155-1621 aLyons, Berry1 aBartek, Louis, R.1 aMayewski, Paul, A.1 aDoran, Peter, T.1 aLyons, Berry1 aHoward-Williams, Clive1 aHawes, Ian uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/climate-history-mcmurdo-dry-valleys-last-glacial-maximum-synthesis