02499nas a2200277 4500008004100000245009500041210006900136260001200205300000800217490000700225520169100232653001001923653002701933653001801960653002501978653001502003100002302018700002202041700001802063700002202081700001902103700001702122700002002139700001802159856004402177 2023 eng d00aBiogeography and genetic diversity of terrestrial mites in the Ross Sea region, Antarctica0 aBiogeography and genetic diversity of terrestrial mites in the R c03/2023 a6060 v143 a

Free-living terrestrial mites (Acari) have persisted through numerous glacial cycles in Antarctica. Very little is known, however, of their genetic diversity and distribution, particularly within the Ross Sea region. To redress this gap, we sampled mites throughout the Ross Sea region, East Antarctica, including Victoria Land and the Queen Maud Mountains (QMM), covering a latitudinal range of 72–85 °S, as well as Lauft Island near Mt. Siple (73 °S) in West Antarctica and Macquarie Island (54 °S) in the sub-Antarctic. We assessed genetic diversity using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequences (COI-5P DNA barcode region), and also morphologically identified voucher specimens. We obtained 130 sequences representing four genera: Nanorchestes (n = 30 sequences), Stereotydeus (n = 46), Coccorhagidia (n = 18) and Eupodes (n = 36). Tree-based analyses (maximum likelihood) revealed 13 genetic clusters, representing as many as 23 putative species indicated by barcode index numbers (BINs) from the Barcode of Life Datasystems (BOLD) database. We found evidence for geographically-isolated cryptic species, e.g., within Stereotydeus belli and S. punctatus, as well as unique genetic groups occurring in sympatry (e.g., Nanorchestes spp. in QMM). Collectively, these data confirm high genetic divergence as a consequence of geographic isolation over evolutionary timescales. From a conservation perspective, additional targeted sampling of understudied areas in the Ross Sea region should be prioritised, as further diversity is likely to be found in these short-range endemic mites.

10aAcari10aAntarctic conservation10aDNA barcoding10ageographic isolation10aspeciation1 aCollins, Gemma, E.1 aYoung, Monica, R.1 aConvey, Peter1 aChown, Steven, L.1 aCary, Craig, S1 aAdams, Byron1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aHogg, Ian, D. uhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/3/60602076nas a2200313 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128260001200197300001100209490000800220520114900228653002801377653002701405653002401432653002401456653001301480653000901493100001301502700002501515700001601540700002201556700001701578700001801595700001601613700002401629700002001653700001701673856007201690 2023 eng d00aEcological stoichiometry drives the evolution of soil nematode life history traits0 aEcological stoichiometry drives the evolution of soil nematode l c02/2023 a1088910 v1773 a

Ecological stoichiometry is a useful theoretical framework for understanding the sources and controls on nutrient availability that structure the composition and diversity of biotic communities. One such relationship is that organismal development rate is positively linked to cellular Phosphorus (P). We hypothesized that P availability, relative to other nutrients, e.g., nitrogen and carbon, would drive the evolution of traits associated with organismal growth and development. We examined the effects of P availability both in situ and in vitro, on free-living soil nematodes. We found that P-deficient environments produce predictable changes in the ecology and evolution of important life history traits. Our results identify altered rRNA gene copy number and subsequent changes in gene expression and protein synthesis as mechanisms by which P-deficiency influences these traits. These findings have important implications for explaining soil ecological and evolutionary patterns across multiple levels of organization, including the structure and functioning of organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystems.

10aelemental stoichiometry10agrowth rate hypothesis10alife history theory10amolecular evolution10anematoda10arRNA1 aXue, Xia1 aAdhikari, Bishwo, N.1 aBall, Becky1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aMiao, Jinxin1 aPerkes, Ammon1 aMartin, Mac1 aSimmons, Breana, L.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aAdams, Byron uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003807172200348002259nas a2200289 4500008004100000245009100041210006900132260001200201490000600213520140100219653002301620653001601643653001401659653001001673653001801683100002401701700001701725700002101742700002601763700002601789700001701815700001701832700001801849700002001867700001801887856006401905 2023 eng d00aStrong dispersal limitation of microbial communities at Shackleton Glacier, Antarctica0 aStrong dispersal limitation of microbial communities at Shacklet c01/20230 v83 a

Microbial communities can be structured by both deterministic and stochastic processes, but the relative importance of these processes remains unknown. The ambiguity partly arises from an inability to disentangle soil microbial processes from confounding factors, such as aboveground plant communities or anthropogenic disturbance. In this study, we characterized the relative contributions of determinism and stochasticity to assembly processes of soil bacterial communities across a large environmental gradient of undisturbed Antarctic soils. We hypothesized that harsh soils would impose a strong environmental selection on microbial communities, whereas communities in benign soils would be structured largely by dispersal. Contrary to our expectations, dispersal was the dominant assembly mechanism across the entire soil environmental gradient, including benign environments. The microbial community composition reflects slowly changing soil conditions and dispersal limitation of isolated sites. Thus, stochastic processes, as opposed to deterministic, are primary drivers of soil ecosystem assembly across space at our study site. This is especially surprising given the strong environmental constraints on soil microorganisms in one of the harshest environments on the planet, suggesting that dispersal could be a driving force in microbial community assembly in soils worldwide.

10acommunity assembly10adeterminism10adispersal10aniche10astochasticity1 aLemoine, Nathan, P.1 aAdams, Byron1 aDiaz, Melisa, A.1 aDragone, Nicholas, B.1 aFranco, André, L. C.1 aFierer, Noah1 aLyons, Berry1 aHogg, Ian, D.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aLurgi, Miguel uhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/msystems.01254-2202367nas a2200289 4500008004100000245011400041210006900155260001200224300001400236490000600250520147700256653001501733653002201748653002201770653001001792100002601802700002401828700002701852700002101879700001801900700001701918700002001935700001701955700001701972700002401989856006402013 2022 eng d00aElevational constraints on the composition and genomic attributes of microbial communities in Antarctic soils0 aElevational constraints on the composition and genomic attribute c01/2022 ae01330-210 v73 a

The inland soils found on the Antarctic continent represent one of the more challenging environments for microbial life on Earth. Nevertheless, Antarctic soils harbor unique bacterial and archaeal (prokaryotic) communities able to cope with extremely cold and dry conditions. These communities are not homogeneous, and the taxonomic composition and functional capabilities (genomic attributes) of these communities across environmental gradients remain largely undetermined. We analyzed the prokaryotic communities in soil samples collected from across the Shackleton Glacier region of Antarctica by coupling quantitative PCR, marker gene amplicon sequencing, and shotgun metagenomic sequencing. We found that elevation was the dominant factor explaining differences in the structures of the soil prokaryotic communities, with the drier and saltier soils found at higher elevations harboring less diverse communities and unique assemblages of cooccurring taxa. The higher-elevation soil communities also had lower maximum potential growth rates (as inferred from metagenome-based estimates of codon usage bias) and an overrepresentation of genes associated with trace gas metabolism. Together, these results highlight the utility of assessing community shifts across pronounced environmental gradients to improve our understanding of the microbial diversity found in Antarctic soils and the strategies used by soil microbes to persist at the limits of habitability.

10aAntarctica10amicrobial ecology10asoil microbiology10asoils1 aDragone, Nicholas, B.1 aHenley, Jessica, B.1 aHolland-Moritz, Hannah1 aDiaz, Melisa, A.1 aHogg, Ian, D.1 aLyons, Berry1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aAdams, Byron1 aFierer, Noah1 aMackelprang, Rachel uhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/msystems.01330-2102315nas a2200265 4500008004100000245009400041210006900135260001200204520148400216653001501700653001701715653002601732653001901758653001701777653001301794653002301807100002101830700002601851700002201877700002401899700002301923700002001946700002501966856005801991 2022 eng d00aIslands in the ice: Potential impacts of habitat transformation on Antarctic biodiversity0 aIslands in the ice Potential impacts of habitat transformation o c07/20223 a

Antarctic biodiversity faces an unknown future with a changing climate. Most terrestrial biota is restricted to limited patches of ice-free land in a sea of ice, where they are adapted to the continent's extreme cold and wind and exploit microhabitats of suitable conditions. As temperatures rise, ice-free areas are predicted to expand, more rapidly in some areas than others. There is high uncertainty as to how species' distributions, physiology, abundance, and survivorship will be affected as their habitats transform. Here we use current knowledge to propose hypotheses that ice-free area expansion (i) will increase habitat availability, though the quality of habitat will vary; (ii) will increase structural connectivity, although not necessarily increase opportunities for species establishment; (iii) combined with milder climates will increase likelihood of non-native species establishment, but may also lengthen activity windows for all species; and (iv) will benefit some species and not others, possibly resulting in increased homogeneity of biodiversity. We anticipate considerable spatial, temporal, and taxonomic variation in species responses, and a heightened need for interdisciplinary research to understand the factors associated with ecosystem resilience under future scenarios. Such research will help identify at-risk species or vulnerable localities and is crucial for informing environmental management and policymaking into the future.

10aAntarctica10abiodiversity10abiotic homogenization10aclimate change10aconnectivity10aice-free10anon-native species1 aLee, Jasmine, R.1 aWaterman, Melinda, J.1 aShaw, Justine, D.1 aBergstrom, Dana, M.1 aLynch, Heather, J.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aRobinson, Sharon, A. uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.1633102944nas a2200301 4500008004100000022001400041245009600055210007100151260001200222490000700234520204100241653001702282653001902299653002002318653001402338653002302352653002302375100002602398700001702424700002102441700002402462700002602486700001702512700001702529700001802546700002002564856005802584 2022 eng d a1354-101300aResponse of Antarctic soil fauna to climate‐driven changes since the Last Glacial Maximum0 aResponse of Antarctic soil fauna to climate‐driven changes since c01/20220 v283 a

Understanding how terrestrial biotic communities have responded to glacial recession since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) can inform present and future responses of biota to climate change. In Antarctica, the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM) have experienced massive environmental changes associated with glacial retreat since the LGM, yet we have few clues as to how its soil invertebrate-dominated animal communities have responded. Here, we surveyed soil invertebrate fauna from above and below proposed LGM elevations along transects located at 12 features across the Shackleton Glacier region. Our transects captured gradients of surface ages possibly up to 4.5 million years and the soils have been free from human disturbance for their entire history. Our data support the hypothesis that soils exposed during the LGM are now less suitable habitats for invertebrates than those that have been exposed by deglaciation following the LGM. Our results show that faunal abundance, community composition, and diversity were all strongly affected by climate-driven changes since the LGM. Soils more recently exposed by glacial recession (as indicated by distances from present ice surfaces) had higher faunal abundances and species richness than older exposed soils. Higher abundances of the dominant nematode Scottnema were found in older exposed soils, while Eudorylaimus, Plectus, tardigrades, and rotifers preferentially occurred in more recently exposed soils. Approximately 30% of the soils from which invertebrates could be extracted had only Scottnema, and these single-taxon communities occurred more frequently in soils exposed for longer periods of time. Our structural equation modeling of abiotic drivers highlighted soil salinity as a key mediator of Scottnema responses to soil exposure age. These changes in soil habitat suitability and biotic communities since the LGM indicate that Antarctic terrestrial biodiversity throughout the TAM will be highly altered by climate warming.

10abiodiversity10aclimate change10aglacial retreat10anematodes10aShackleton Glacier10asoil invertebrates1 aFranco, André, L. C.1 aAdams, Byron1 aDiaz, Melisa, A.1 aLemoine, Nathan, P.1 aDragone, Nicholas, B.1 aFierer, Noah1 aLyons, Berry1 aHogg, Ian, D.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.1594002569nas a2200373 4500008004100000245008100041210006900122260004300191520135400234100001701588700001801605700002201623700002101645700002001666700003001686700002101716700002401737700002301761700001801784700002101802700002301823700002201846700002001868700002301888700002401911700001601935700002301951700002401974700002101998700001902019700001802038700002002056856011902076 2022 eng d00aTen scientific messages on risks and opportunities for life in the Antarctic0 aTen scientific messages on risks and opportunities for life in t bAntarctic Environments Portalc02/20223 a

Initiated by the SCAR scientific research programme “Antarctic Thresholds – Ecosystem Resilience and Adaptation” (AnT-ERA, 2013-2021), 26 experts synthesized knowledge on impacts and risks of climate-change on biological processes and ecosystem functions in the Antarctic. The ten main scientific messages that emerged addressed (1) accelerating marine and terrestrial biogeochemical cycles, (2) response to ocean acidification, (3) ecological changes in climate change hot spots, (4) unexpected dynamism of marine seafloor communities, (5) biodiversity shifts, (6) low temperature limitation of protein synthesis, (7) life intrinsically linked to changing sea ice conditions, (8) pollution, (9) genetically distinct terrestrial populations under threat, and (10) newly discovered habitats. Two-thirds of the literature included in this synthesis was published between 2010 and 2020 and only one-third was published earlier. The fast mounting, recent decadal evidence indicates various Antarctic biological communities now experience climate stress, or will experience such stress in the coming decades. The responses of organisms, ecosystem functions and services to environmental changes are complex and varied. Key knowledge gaps remain and need addressing to adequately assess future prospects for life in the Antarctic.

1 aGutt, Julian1 aIsla, Enrique1 aXavier, José, C.1 aAdams, Byron, J.1 aAhn, In‐Young1 aCheng, C.‐H., Christina1 aColesie, Claudia1 aCummings, Vonda, J.1 aGriffiths, Huw, J.1 aHogg, Ian, D.1 aMcIntyre, Trevor1 aMeiners, Klaus, M.1 aPearce, David, A.1 aPeck, Lloyd, S.1 aPiepenburg, Dieter1 aReisinger, Ryan, R.1 aSaba, Grace1 aSchloss, Irene, R.1 aSignori, Camila, N.1 aSmith, Craig, R.1 aVacchi, Marino1 aVerde, Cinzia1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://environments.aq/publications/ten-scientific-messages-on-risks-and-opportunities-for-life-in-the-antarctic/03115nas a2200517 4500008004100000245008300041210006900124260001200193520161800205653001501823653002101838653002601859653001901885653001301904653001701917653002401934653002301958653001701981653001201998100001702010700001802027700002202045700002102067700002002088700003002108700002102138700002402159700002102183700002302204700001502227700001802242700002102260700002302281700002202304700002002326700002302346700002402369700001602393700002302409700002402432700002102456700001902477700001802496700002002514856006302534 2021 eng d00aAntarctic ecosystems in transition – life between stresses and opportunities0 aAntarctic ecosystems in transition life between stresses and opp c06/20213 a

Important findings from the second decade of the 21st century on the impact of environmental change on biological processes in the Antarctic were synthesised by 26 international experts. Ten key messages emerged that have stakeholder‐relevance and/or a high impact for the scientific community. They address (i) altered biogeochemical cycles, (ii) ocean acidification, (iii) climate change hotspots, (iv) unexpected dynamism in seabed‐dwelling populations, (v) spatial range shifts, (vi) adaptation and thermal resilience, (vii) sea ice related biological fluctuations, (viii) pollution, (ix) endangered terrestrial endemism and (x) the discovery of unknown habitats. Most Antarctic biotas are exposed to multiple stresses and considered vulnerable to environmental change due to narrow tolerance ranges, rapid change, projected circumpolar impacts, low potential for timely genetic adaptation, and migration barriers. Important ecosystem functions, such as primary production and energy transfer between trophic levels, have already changed, and biodiversity patterns have shifted. A confidence assessment of the degree of ‘scientific understanding’ revealed an intermediate level for most of the more detailed sub‐messages, indicating that process‐oriented research has been successful in the past decade. Additional efforts are necessary, however, to achieve the level of robustness in scientific knowledge that is required to inform protection measures of the unique Antarctic terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and their contributions to global biodiversity and ecosystem services.

10aadaptation10abenthic dynamism10abiogeochemical cycles10aclimate change10ainvasion10anew habitats10aocean acidification10aPrimary production10arange shifts10asea ice1 aGutt, Julian1 aIsla, Enrique1 aXavier, José, C.1 aAdams, Byron, J.1 aAhn, In‐Young1 aCheng, C.‐H., Christina1 aColesie, Claudia1 aCummings, Vonda, J.1 adi Prisco, Guido1 aGriffiths, Huw, J.1 aHawes, Ian1 aHogg, Ian, D.1 aMcIntyre, Trevor1 aMeiners, Klaus, M.1 aPearce, David, A.1 aPeck, Lloyd, S.1 aPiepenburg, Dieter1 aReisinger, Ryan, R.1 aSaba, Grace1 aSchloss, Irene, R.1 aSignori, Camila, N.1 aSmith, Craig, R.1 aVacchi, Marino1 aVerde, Cinzia1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/brv.1267902506nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245006300055210006300118260001200181490000800193520169900201653001501900653001701915653001301932653001801945653001001963653001001973100002601983700002102009700001802030700001702048700002002065700002002085700002102105700001702126856007302143 2021 eng d a2169-895300aExploring the boundaries of microbial habitability in soil0 aExploring the boundaries of microbial habitability in soil c06/20210 v1263 a

Microbes are widely assumed to be capable of colonizing even the most challenging terrestrial surface environments on Earth given enough time. We would not expect to find surface soils uninhabited by microbes as soils typically harbor diverse microbial communities and viable microbes have been detected in soils exposed to even the most inhospitable conditions. However, if uninhabited soils do exist, we might expect to find them in Antarctica. We analyzed 204 ice-free soils collected from across a remote valley in the Transantarctic Mountains (84–85°S, 174–177°W) and were able to identify a potential limit of microbial habitability. While most of the soils we tested contained diverse microbial communities, with fungi being particularly ubiquitous, microbes could not be detected in many of the driest, higher elevation soils—results that were confirmed using cultivation-dependent, cultivation-independent, and metabolic assays. While we cannot confirm that this subset of soils is completely sterile and devoid of microbial life, our results suggest that microbial life is severely restricted in the coldest, driest, and saltiest Antarctic soils. Constant exposure to these conditions for thousands of years has limited microbial communities so that their presence and activity is below detectable limits using a variety of standard methods. Such soils are unlikely to be unique to the studied region with this work supporting previous hypotheses that microbial habitability is constrained by near-continuous exposure to cold, dry, and salty conditions, establishing the environmental conditions that limit microbial life in terrestrial surface soils.

10aAntarctica10aastrobiology10abacteria10aextremophiles10afungi10asoils1 aDragone, Nicholas, B.1 aDiaz, Melisa, A.1 aHogg, Ian, D.1 aLyons, Berry1 aJackson, Andrew1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aAdams, Byron, J.1 aFierer, Noah uhttps://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020JG00605202615nas a2200229 4500008004100000245011400041210006900155260001200224300001600236490000700252520188900259100002102148700002902169700002102198700002002219700002102239700002002260700001802280700001702298700001702315856005302332 2021 eng d00aGeochemical zones and environmental gradients for soils from the central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica0 aGeochemical zones and environmental gradients for soils from the c03/2021 a1629 - 16440 v183 a

Previous studies have established links between biodiversity and soil geochemistry in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, where environmental gradients are important determinants of soil biodiversity. However, these gradients are not well established in the central Transantarctic Mountains, which are thought to represent some of the least hospitable Antarctic soils. We analyzed 220 samples from 11 ice-free areas along the Shackleton Glacier (~85°S), a major outlet glacier of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. We established three zones of distinct geochemical gradients near the head of the glacier (upper), its central part (middle), and at the mouth (lower). The upper zone had the highest water-soluble salt concentrations with total salt concentrations exceeding 80 000 µg g-1, while the lower zone had the lowest water-soluble N:P ratios, suggesting that, in addition to other parameters (such as proximity to water and/or ice), the lower zone likely represents the most favorable ecological habitats. Given the strong dependence of geochemistry on geographic parameters, we developed multiple linear regression and random forest models to predict soil geochemical trends given latitude, longitude, elevation, distance from the coast, distance from the glacier, and soil moisture (variables which can be inferred from remote measurements). Confidence in our random forest model predictions was moderately high with R2 values for total water-soluble salts, water-soluble N:P, ClO4-, and ClO3- of 0.81, 0.88, 0.78, and 0.74, respectively. These modeling results can be used to predict geochemical gradients and estimate salt concentrations for other Transantarctic Mountain soils, information that can ultimately be used to better predict distributions of soil biota in this remote region.

1 aDiaz, Melisa, A.1 aGardner, Christopher, B.1 aWelch, Susan, A.1 aJackson, Andrew1 aAdams, Byron, J.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aHogg, Ian, D.1 aFierer, Noah1 aLyons, Berry uhttps://bg.copernicus.org/articles/18/1629/2021/02303nas a2200265 4500008004100000245012500041210006900166260001200235520144100247653001901688653002001707653002001727653001901747653002901766100002301795700001801818700001801836700002501854700001901879700001701898700001701915700002001932700002401952856006101976 2020 eng d00aGenetic diversity of soil invertebrates corroborates timing estimates for past collapses of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet0 aGenetic diversity of soil invertebrates corroborates timing esti c08/20203 a

During austral summer field seasons between 1999 and 2018, we sampled at 91 locations throughout southern Victoria Land and along the Transantarctic Mountains for six species of endemic microarthropods (Collembola), covering a latitudinal range from 76.0°S to 87.3°S. We assembled individual mitochondrial cyto-chrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences (n = 866) and found high levels of sequence divergence at both small (<10 km) and large (>600 km) spatial scales for four of the six Collembola species. We applied molecular clock estimates and assessed genetic divergences relative to the timing of past glacial cycles, including collapses of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). We found that genetically distinct lineages within three species have likely been isolated for at least 5.54 My to 3.52 My, while the other three species diverged more recently (<2 My). We suggest that Collembola had greater dispersal opportunities under past warmer climates, via flotation along coastal margins. Similarly increased opportunities for dispersal may occur under contemporary climate warming scenarios, which could influence the genetic structure of extant populations. As Collembola are a living record of past landscape evolution within Antarctica, these findings provide biological evidence to support geological and glaciological estimates of historical WAIS dynamics over the last ca. 5 My.

10aclimate change10amicroarthropods10amolecular clock10aphylogeography10aterrestrial biodiversity1 aCollins, Gemma, E.1 aHogg, Ian, D.1 aConvey, Peter1 aSancho, Leopoldo, G.1 aCowan, Don, A.1 aLyons, Berry1 aAdams, Byron1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aGreen, T., G. Allan uhttps://www.pnas.org/content/early/2020/08/19/200792511703683nas a2200997 4500008004100000245008200041210006900123260001200192490000600204520084100210100002601051700001901077700002001096700001401116700002501130700002501155700001701180700001701197700001901214700002601233700002301259700002701282700002301309700002101332700003101353700001801384700002101402700002001423700003001443700001501473700002001488700001901508700002501527700002301552700001901575700002101594700001701615700002201632700002101654700002601675700002301701700001101724700001701735700002201752700002101774700003101795700002401826700002201850700001501872700002201887700001801909700001701927700002501944700002201969700001901991700002702010700001602037700001802053700002202071700003202093700002302125700002302148700002002171700002202191700002002213700002702233700001802260700002102278700001902299700002302318700001502341700002302356700002202379700002402401700002102425700002302446700002102469700001802490700001802508700001902526700001402545700002802559700001702587700002702604856005402631 2020 eng d00aA global database of soil nematode abundance and functional group composition0 aglobal database of soil nematode abundance and functional group  c03/20200 v73 a

As the most abundant animals on earth, nematodes are a dominant component of the soil community. they play critical roles in regulating biogeochemical cycles and vegetation dynamics within and across landscapes and are an indicator of soil biological activity. Here, we present a comprehensive global dataset of soil nematode abundance and functional group composition. This dataset includes 6,825 georeferenced soil samples from all continents and biomes. For geospatial mapping purposes these samples are aggregated into 1,933 unique 1-km pixels, each of which is linked to 73 global environmental covariate data layers. Altogether, this dataset can help to gain insight into the spatial distribution patterns of soil nematode abundance and community composition, and the environmental drivers shaping these patterns.

1 avan den Hoogen, Johan1 aGeisen, Stefan1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aWardle, D1 aTraunspurger, Walter1 ade Goede, Ron, G. M.1 aAdams, Byron1 aAhmad, Wasim1 aFerris, Howard1 aBardgett, Richard, D.1 aBonkowski, Michael1 aCampos-Herrera, Raquel1 aCares, Juvenil, E.1 aCaruso, Tancredi1 aCaixeta, Larissa, de Brito1 aChen, Xiaoyun1 aCosta, Sofia, R.1 aCreamer, Rachel1 aCastro, José, da Cunha e1 aDam, Marie1 aDjigal, Djibril1 aEscuer, Miguel1 aGriffiths, Bryan, S.1 aGutiérrez, Carmen1 aHohberg, Karin1 aKalinkina, Daria1 aKardol, Paul1 aKergunteuil, Alan1 aKorthals, Gerard1 aKrashevska, Valentyna1 aKudrin, Alexey, A.1 aLi, Qi1 aLiang, Wenju1 aMagilton, Matthew1 aMarais, Mariette1 aMartín, José, Antonio Ro1 aMatveeva, Elizaveta1 aMayad, El, Hassan1 aMzough, E.1 aMulder, Christian1 aMullin, Peter1 aNeilson, Roy1 aNguyen, T., A. Duong1 aNielsen, Uffe, N.1 aOkada, Hiroaki1 aRius, Juan, Emilio Pal1 aPan, Kaiwen1 aPeneva, Vlada1 aPellissier, Loïc1 ada Silva, Julio, Carlos Per1 aPitteloud, Camille1 aPowers, Thomas, O.1 aPowers, Kirsten1 aQuist, Casper, W.1 aRasmann, Sergio1 aMoreno, Sara, Sánchez1 aScheu, Stefan1 aSetälä, Heikki1 aSushchuk, Anna1 aTiunov, Alexei, V.1 aTrap, Jean1 aVestergård, Mette1 aVillenave, Cecile1 aWaeyenberge, Lieven1 aWilschut, Rutger1 aWright, Daniel, G.1 aKeith, Aidan, M.1 aYang, Jiue-in1 aSchmidt, Olaf1 aBouharroud, R.1 aFerji, Z.1 avan der Putten, Wim, H.1 aRouth, Devin1 aCrowther, Thomas, Ward uhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-020-0437-302353nas a2200397 4500008004100000245012200041210006900163260001200232490000600244520115100250100002101401700002501422700002101447700002101468700001401489700002201503700001701525700002201542700001701564700002001581700002001601700002401621700002201645700001901667700002401686700002401710700001701734700002301751700002001774700001801794700002401812700002201836700002401858700001901882856005401901 2019 eng d00aBiotic interactions are an unexpected yet critical control on the complexity of an abiotically driven polar ecosystem0 aBiotic interactions are an unexpected yet critical control on th c02/20190 v23 a

Abiotic and biotic factors control ecosystem biodiversity, but their relative contributions remain unclear. The ultraoligotrophic ecosystem of the Antarctic Dry Valleys, a simple yet highly heterogeneous ecosystem, is a natural laboratory well-suited for resolving the abiotic and biotic controls of community structure. We undertook a multidisciplinary investigation to capture ecologically relevant biotic and abiotic attributes of more than 500 sites in the Dry Valleys, encompassing observed landscape heterogeneities across more than 200 km2. Using richness of autotrophic and heterotrophic taxa as a proxy for functional complexity, we linked measured variables in a parsimonious yet comprehensive structural equation model that explained significant variations in biological complexity and identified landscape-scale and fine-scale abiotic factors as the primary drivers of diversity. However, the inclusion of linkages among functional groups was essential for constructing the best-fitting model. Our findings support the notion that biotic interactions make crucial contributions even in an extremely simple ecosystem.

1 aLee, Charles, K.1 aLaughlin, Daniel, C.1 aBottos, Eric, M.1 aCaruso, Tancredi1 aJoy, Kurt1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aBrabyn, Lars1 aNielsen, Uffe, N.1 aAdams, Byron1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aHopkins, D., W.1 aPointing, Steve, B.1 aMcDonald, Ian, R.1 aCowan, Don, A.1 aBanks, Jonathan, C.1 aStichbury, Glen, A.1 aJones, Irfon1 aZawar-Reza, Peyman1 aKaturji, Marwan1 aHogg, Ian, D.1 aSparrow, Ashley, D.1 aStorey, Bryan, C.1 aGreen, T., G. Allan1 aCary, Craig, S uhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-018-0274-502485nas a2200229 4500008004100000245009100041210006900132260001200201490000600213520181500219653001302034653002802047653001102075653001302086653001002099653002102109653002102130653002502151100001702176700002002193856004202213 2019 eng d00aBiotic interactions in experimental Antarctic soil microcosms vary with abiotic stress0 aBiotic interactions in experimental Antarctic soil microcosms va c08/20190 v33 a

Biotic interactions structure ecological communities but abiotic factors affect the strength of these relationships. These interactions are difficult to study in soils due to their vast biodiversity and the many environmental factors that affect soil species. The McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV), Antarctica, are relatively simple soil ecosystems compared to temperate soils, making them an excellent study system for the trophic relationships of soil. Soil microbes and relatively few species of nematodes, rotifers, tardigrades, springtails, and mites are patchily distributed across the cold, dry landscape, which lacks vascular plants and terrestrial vertebrates. However, glacier and permafrost melt are expected to cause shifts in soil moisture and solutes across this ecosystem. To test how increased moisture and salinity affect soil invertebrates and their biotic interactions, we established a laboratory microcosm experiment (4 community × 2 moisture × 2 salinity treatments). Community treatments were: (1) Bacteria only (control), (2) Scottnema (S. lindsayae + bacteria), (3) Eudorylaimus (E. antarcticus + bacteria), and (4) Mixed (S. lindsayae + E. antarcticus + bacteria). Salinity and moisture treatments were control and high. High moisture reduced S. lindsayae adults, while high salinity reduced the total S. lindsayae population. We found that S. lindsayae exerted top-down control over soil bacteria populations, but this effect was dependent on salinity treatment. In the high salinity treatment, bacteria were released from top-down pressure as S. lindsayae declined. Ours was the first study to empirically demonstrate, although in lab microcosm conditions, top-down control in the MDV soil food web.

10abacteria10abiological interactions10adesert10anematode10apolar10asoil communities10atop-down effects10atrophic interactions1 aShaw, Ashley1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/3/3/5702639nas a2200301 4500008004100000245008400041210006900125260001200194520169800206653001501904653002101919653002401940653002701964653001301991100002102004700002602025700001702051700001602068700002502084700002502109700001702134700002202151700002302173700002002196700002402216700002402240856007302264 2019 eng d00aThe hydroecology of an ephemeral wetland in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica0 ahydroecology of an ephemeral wetland in the McMurdo Dry Valleys  c11/20193 a

The McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) is a polar desert on the coast of East Antarctica where ephemeral wetlands become hydrologically active during warm and sunny summers when sub‐surface flows are generated from melting snowfields. To understand the structure and function of polar wetland ecosystems, we investigated the hydroecology of one such wetland, the Wormherder Creek wetland, during the warm and sunny summer of 2008 – 2009, when the wetland was hydrologically reactivated. Conservative tracer (LiCl) was injected for a 2‐hour period into a stream above the wetland to determine flow path orientations and hydrologic residence times. Tracer results indicated that surface water is rapidly exchanged with wetland groundwater and wetland residence times may exceed two austral summers. Major ion concentrations were uniform in samples from surface water and shallow groundwater throughout the wetland. Microbial mats in the wetland had high autotrophic index values (the ratios of chlorophyll a [Chl‐a]/ash‐free dry mass [AFDM]), ranging from 9‐38 μg Chl‐a/mg AFDM, indicative of actively photosynthesizing mat communities. The diatom communities in the mats were relatively uniform compared to those in mats from regularly flowing MDV streams, with four endemic and one widespread diatom taxa of the genus Luticola accounting for an average of 86% of the community. These results indicate that the hydrologic characteristics of the wetland contribute to uniform geochemical conditions. In turn, uniform geochemical conditions may explain the high autotrophic index values of the microbial mats and relatively low spatial variation of the diatom community.

10aAntarctica10adesert hydrology10adiatom biodiversity10ahyporheic interactions10awetlands1 aWlostowski, Adam1 aSchulte, Nicholas, O.1 aAdams, Byron1 aBall, Becky1 aEsposito, Rhea, M.M.1 aGooseff, Michael, N.1 aLyons, Berry1 aNielsen, Uffe, N.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aMcKnight, Diane, M. uhttps://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2019JG00515301860nas a2200253 4500008004100000245011500041210006900156260001200225490000600237520106300243100002101306700001801327700002201345700002101367700002101388700002001409700001901429700002201448700002401470700002201494700002001516700001701536856005301553 2019 eng d00aNematodes in a polar desert reveal the relative role of biotic interactions in the coexistence of soil animals0 aNematodes in a polar desert reveal the relative role of biotic i c02/20190 v23 a

Abiotic factors are major determinants of soil animal distributions and their dominant role is pronounced in extreme ecosystems, with biotic interactions seemingly playing a minor role. We modelled co-occurrence and distribution of the three nematode species that dominate the soil food web of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica). Abiotic factors, other biotic groups, and autocorrelation all contributed to structuring nematode species distributions. However, after removing their effects, we found that the presence of the most abundant nematode species greatly, and negatively, affected the probability of detecting one of the other two species. We observed similar patterns in relative abundances for two out of three pairs of species. Harsh abiotic conditions alone are insufficient to explain contemporary nematode distributions whereas the role of negative biotic interactions has been largely underestimated in soil. The future challenge is to understand how the effects of global change on biotic interactions will alter species coexistence.

1 aCaruso, Tancredi1 aHogg, Ian, D.1 aNielsen, Uffe, N.1 aBottos, Eric, M.1 aLee, Charles, K.1 aHopkins, D., W.1 aCary, Craig, S1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aGreen, T., G. Allan1 aStorey, Bryan, C.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aAdams, Byron uhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-018-0260-y03892nas a2200949 4500008004100000245007900041210006900120260001200189490000800201520116600209100002601375700001901401700001701420700001901437700002501456700001401481700002501495700001701520700001701537700002601554700002601580700002301606700002701629700002301656700002101679700003101700700001801731700002101749700002001770700003001790700001501820700002001835700001901855700002501874700002301899700001901922700002101941700001701962700002201979700002102001700002602022700002302048700001102071700001702082700002202099700002102121700003102142700002402173700002202197700002202219700001802241700001702259700002502276700002202301700001902323700002702342700001602369700001802385700002202403700003202425700002302457700002302480700002002503700002202523700002002545700002702565700001802592700002102610700001902631700002302650700001502673700002202688700002302710700002202733700002402755700002002779700002102799700002302820700001802843700002702861856005402888 2019 eng d00aSoil nematode abundance and functional group composition at a global scale0 aSoil nematode abundance and functional group composition at a gl c08/20190 v5723 a

Soil organisms are a crucial part of the terrestrial biosphere. Despite their importance for ecosystem functioning, few quantitative, spatially explicit models of the active belowground community currently exist. In particular, nematodes are the most abundant animals on Earth, filling all trophic levels in the soil food web. Here we use 6,759 georeferenced samples to generate a mechanistic understanding of the patterns of the global abundance of nematodes in the soil and the composition of their functional groups. The resulting maps show that 4.4 ± 0.64 × 1020 nematodes (with a total biomass of approximately 0.3 gigatonnes) inhabit surface soils across the world, with higher abundances in sub-Arctic regions (38% of total) than in temperate (24%) or tropical (21%) regions. Regional variations in these global trends also provide insights into local patterns of soil fertility and functioning. These high-resolution models provide the first steps towards representing soil ecological processes in global biogeochemical models and will enable the prediction of elemental cycling under current and future climate scenarios.

1 avan den Hoogen, Johan1 aGeisen, Stefan1 aRouth, Devin1 aFerris, Howard1 aTraunspurger, Walter1 aWardle, D1 ade Goede, Ron, G. M.1 aAdams, Byron1 aAhmad, Wasim1 aAndriuzzi, Walter, S.1 aBardgett, Richard, D.1 aBonkowski, Michael1 aCampos-Herrera, Raquel1 aCares, Juvenil, E.1 aCaruso, Tancredi1 aCaixeta, Larissa, de Brito1 aChen, Xiaoyun1 aCosta, Sofia, R.1 aCreamer, Rachel1 aCastro, José, Mauro da C1 aDam, Marie1 aDjigal, Djibril1 aEscuer, Miguel1 aGriffiths, Bryan, S.1 aGutiérrez, Carmen1 aHohberg, Karin1 aKalinkina, Daria1 aKardol, Paul1 aKergunteuil, Alan1 aKorthals, Gerard1 aKrashevska, Valentyna1 aKudrin, Alexey, A.1 aLi, Qi1 aLiang, Wenju1 aMagilton, Matthew1 aMarais, Mariette1 aMartín, José, Antonio Ro1 aMatveeva, Elizaveta1 aMayad, El, Hassan1 aMulder, Christian1 aMullin, Peter1 aNeilson, Roy1 aNguyen, T., A. Duong1 aNielsen, Uffe, N.1 aOkada, Hiroaki1 aRius, Juan, Emilio Pal1 aPan, Kaiwen1 aPeneva, Vlada1 aPellissier, Loïc1 ada Silva, Julio, Carlos Per1 aPitteloud, Camille1 aPowers, Thomas, O.1 aPowers, Kirsten1 aQuist, Casper, W.1 aRasmann, Sergio1 aMoreno, Sara, Sánchez1 aScheu, Stefan1 aSetälä, Heikki1 aSushchuk, Anna1 aTiunov, Alexei, V.1 aTrap, Jean1 avan der Putten, W1 aVestergård, Mette1 aVillenave, Cecile1 aWaeyenberge, Lieven1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aWilschut, Rutger1 aWright, Daniel, G.1 aYang, Jiue-in1 aCrowther, Thomas, Ward uhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1418-602670nas a2200181 4500008004100000245011700041210006900158260001200227300001400239490000700253520207300260100002602333700001702359700002202376700002302398700002002421856004702441 2018 eng d00aObserved trends of soil fauna in the Antarctic Dry Valleys: early signs of shifts predicted under climate change0 aObserved trends of soil fauna in the Antarctic Dry Valleys early c02/2018 a312 - 3210 v993 a

Long-term observations of ecological communities are necessary for generating and testing predictions of ecosystem responses to climate change. We investigated temporal trends and spatial patterns of soil fauna along similar environmental gradients in three sites of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, spanning two distinct climatic phases: a decadal cool- ing trend from the early 1990s through the austral summer of February 2001, followed by a shift to the current trend of warming summers and more frequent discrete warming events. After February 2001, we observed a decline in the dominant species (the nematode Scottnema lindsayae) and increased abundance and expanded distribution of less common taxa (rotifers, tardigrades, and other nematode species). Such diverging responses have resulted in slightly greater evenness and spatial homogeneity of taxa. However, total abundance of soil fauna appears to be declining, as positive trends of the less common species so far have not compen- sated for the declining numbers of the dominant species. Interannual variation in the propor- tion of juveniles in the dominant species was consistent across sites, whereas trends in abundance varied more. Structural equation modeling supports the hypothesis that the observed biological trends arose from dissimilar responses by dominant and less common spe- cies to pulses of water availability resulting from enhanced ice melt. No direct effects of mean summer temperature were found, but there is evidence of indirect effects via its weak but signif- icant positive relationship with soil moisture. Our findings show that combining an under- standing of species responses to environmental change with long-term observations in the field can provide a context for validating and refining predictions of ecological trends in the abun- dance and diversity of soil fauna. 

1 aAndriuzzi, Walter, S.1 aAdams, Byron1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ecy.2090/full02340nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001300041245009000054210006900144260001200213490000800225520176100233100001601994700001702010700002202027700002002049700002302069856006602092 2018 eng d a0038071700aSoil biological responses to C, N and P fertilization in a polar desert of Antarctica0 aSoil biological responses to C N and P fertilization in a polar  c07/20180 v1223 a

 

In the polar desert ecosystem of the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, biology is constrained by available liquid water, low temperatures, as well as the availability of organic matter and nutrient elements. These soil ecosystems are climate-sensitive, where projected future warming may have profound effects on biological communities and biogeochemical cycling. Warmer temperatures will mobilize meltwater from permafrost and glaciers, may increase precipitation and may be accompanied by pulses of nutrient availability. Enhanced water and nutrient availability have the potential to greatly influence desert soil biology and ecosystem processes. The objectives of this 5-year study were to determine which nutrient elements (C, N, P) are most limiting to dry valley soil communities and whether landscape history (i.e., in situ soil type and stoichiometry) influences soil community response to nutrient additions. After 3 years of no noticeable response, soil CO2 flux was significantly higher under addition of C+ N than the other treatments, regardless of in situ soil stoichiometry, but microbial biomass and invertebrate abundance were variable and not influenced in the same manner. A stable isotope incubation suggests that fertilization increases C and N mineralization from organic matter via stimulating microbial activity, with loss of both the applied treatments as well in situ C and N. However, these responses are relatively short-lived, suggesting long-term impacts on C and N cycling would only occur if meltwater and nutrient pulses are sustained over time, a scenario that is increasingly likely for the dry valleys.

 

1 aBall, Becky1 aAdams, Byron1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aVirginia, Ross, A. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S003807171830108102513nas a2200277 4500008004100000245010700041210006900148260001200217300001600229490000700245520169000252653001201942653001601954653001601970653001401986653001502000653001602015100002602031700002102057700002402078700001702102700001702119700002002136700002402156856005502180 2018 eng d00aSpatial and temporal patterns of microbial mats and associated invertebrates along an Antarctic stream0 aSpatial and temporal patterns of microbial mats and associated i c10/2018 a1911–19210 v413 a

 

Microbial biofilms are biological hotspots in many alpine and polar ecosystems, but the controls on and functional significance of their fauna are little known. We studied cyanobacterial mats and the underlying sediment in a glacial meltwater stream in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. We investigated mat biomass (total and phototrophic), diatoms, and micro-meiofauna (nematodes, rotifers, and tardigrades) at nine sites along a 1670 m stream reach in a cold, low-flow growing season, and in a warmer growing season in which peak flows (above 100 L s−1) scoured the mats. Diatom and invertebrate communities were not related, but mat biomass in the low-flow year was negatively related to nematode abundance, including that of the omnivore Eudorylaimus. In the high-flow year that followed, invertebrate abundance was reduced in the mats, diatom community structure was altered, and mat biomass was higher. The difference in invertebrate abundance between years was greater in mats in upstream reaches, where the greatest increases in flow velocity may have occurred, and was negligible in mats in downstream reaches as well as in the sediment beneath the mats. Integrating our results with previous findings, we generate two predictive hypotheses to be tested in glacial meltwater streams: (1) under peak flows invertebrates decline in the microbial mats, while (2) the sediment beneath the mats is a refuge from the flow disturbance. Our results also suggest that, under stable flow conditions, microinvertebrate grazers could exert top-down control on microbial mat biomass.

 

10adiatoms10aDisturbance10aDry valleys10aEpilithon10aMicrofauna10aStream flow1 aAndriuzzi, Walter, S.1 aStanish, Lee, F.1 aSimmons, Breana, L.1 aJaros, Chris1 aAdams, Byron1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aMcKnight, Diane, M. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00300-018-2331-402332nas a2200193 4500008004100000245017900041210006900220260001200289300001600301490000700317520164300324100001701967700001701984700002202001700001702023700002302040700002002063856005502083 2018 eng d00aStable C and N isotope ratios reveal soil food web structure and identify the nematode Eudorylaimus antarcticus as an omnivore–predator in Taylor Valley, Antarctica0 aStable C and N isotope ratios reveal soil food web structure and c05/2018 a1013–10180 v413 a

Soil food webs of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica are simple. These include primary trophic levels of mosses, algae, cyanobacteria, bacteria, archaea, and fungi, and their protozoan and metazoan consumers (including relatively few species of nematodes, tardigrades, rotifers, and microarthropods). These biota are patchily distributed across the landscape, with greatest faunal biodiversity associated with wet soil. Understanding trophic structure is critical to studies of biotic interactions and distribution; yet, McMurdo Dry Valley soil food web structure has been inferred from limited laboratory culturing and micro- scopic observations. To address this, we measured stable isotope natural abundance ratios of C (13C/12C) and N (15N/14N) for di erent metazoan taxa (using whole body biomass) to determine soil food web structure in Taylor Valley, Antarctica. Nitrogen isotopes were most useful in di erentiating trophic levels because they fractionated predictably at higher trophic levels. Using 15N/14N, we found that three trophic levels were present in wet soil habitats. While cyanobacterial mats were the primary trophic level, the nematode Plectus murrayi, tardigrade Acutuncus antarcticus, and rotifers composed a secondary trophic level of grazers. Eudorylaimus antarcticus had a 15N/14N ratio that was 2–4‰ higher than that of grazers, indicating that this species is the sole member of a tertiary trophic level. Understanding the trophic positions of soil fauna is critical to predictions of current and future species interactions and their distributions for the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica.

1 aShaw, Ashley1 aAdams, Byron1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aLyons, Berry1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00300-017-2243-802975nas a2200289 4500008004100000245013500041210006900176260001200245490000600257520199400263653002902257653002302286653002402309653003102333653002602364653002602390100002602416700002402442700001602466700002002482700002202502700002602524700002502550700002302575700001702598856007002615 2018 eng d00aStoichiometric Shifts in Soil C:N:P Promote Bacterial Taxa Dominance, Maintain Biodiversity, and Deconstruct Community Assemblages0 aStoichiometric Shifts in Soil CNP Promote Bacterial Taxa Dominan c07/20180 v93 a

Imbalances in C:N:P supply ratios may cause bacterial resource limitations and constrain biogeochemical processes, but the importance of shifts in soil stoichiometry are complicated by the nearly limitless interactions between an immensely rich species pool and a multiple chemical resource forms. To more clearly identify the impact of soil C:N:P on bacteria, we evaluated the cumulative effects of single and coupled long-term nutrient additions (i.e., C as mannitol, N as equal concentrations NH4 + and NO3 − , and P as Na3PO4) and water on communities in an Antarctic polar desert, Taylor Valley. Untreated soils possessed relatively low bacterial diversity, simplified organic C sources due to the absence of plants, limited inorganic N, and excess soil P potentially attenuating links between C:N:P. After 6 years of adding resources, an alleviation of C and N colimitation allowed one rare Micrococcaceae, an Arthrobacter species, to dominate, comprising 47% of the total community abundance and elevating soil respiration by 136% relative to untreated soils. The addition of N alone reduced C:N ratios, elevated bacterial richness and diversity, and allowed rare taxa relying on ammonium and nitrite for metabolism to become more abundant [e.g., nitrite oxidizing Nitrospira species (Nitrosomonadaceae), denitrifiers utilizing nitrite (Gemmatimonadaceae) and members of Rhodobacteraceae with a high affinity for ammonium]. Based on community co-occurrence networks, lower C:P ratios in soils following P and CP additions created more diffuse and less connected communities by disrupting 73% of species interactions and selecting for taxa potentially exploiting abundant P. Unlike amended nutrients, water additions alone elicited no lasting impact on communities. Our results suggest that as soils become nutrient rich a wide array of outcomes are possible from species dominance and the deconstruction of species interconnectedness to the maintenance of biodiversity.

10aecological stoichiometry10aLake Fryxell Basin10aMcMurdo Dry Valleys10anetwork community modeling10anutrient colimitation10aSolirubrobacteriaceae1 aAanderud, Zachary, T.1 aSaurey, Sabrina, D.1 aBall, Becky1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aMuscarella, Mario, E.1 aGriffin, Natasha, A.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aAdams, Byron uhttps://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01401/full07387nas a2200145 4500008004100000245013200041210006900173260003000242300000800272490001000280520680100290100001707091700002007108856011307128 2018 eng d00aTrophic relationships in soil communities how abiotic stress affects biotic interactions in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica0 aTrophic relationships in soil communities how abiotic stress aff bColorado State University a1190 vPh.D.3 a

Understanding of the distribution and complexity of soil food webs and their role in ecosystem processes is limited. This is partially due to the difficulty studying the enormous diversity of species in belowground ecosystems and identifying the many roles of this diversity in ecosystem processes. Despite this, there is strong interest in understanding how the soil food web contributes to ecosystem processes such as decomposition, nutrient cycling, and carbon cycling. Yet, before we can fully understand how soil food webs are linked to ecosystem processes, more information is needed on their complex trophic interactions and how soil food webs respond to changing environmental variables. The McMurdo Dry Valleys in Antarctica provide an excellent opportunity to study soil communities and their trophic interactions because of soil food web simplicity and limited ecological interactions that are not easily distinguished in more diverse systems. However, it is unknown whether trophic interactions actually play a role in structuring soil communities in this ecosystem and whether these interactions are affected by environmental factors. The aim of this dissertation is to disentangle those questions.

In the first chapter of this dissertation, I give the background for my research. I introduce the challenges for studying soil biodiversity and its food web structure. Next, I discuss the usefulness of the McMurdo Dry Valleys as a simple, model system for researching trophic interactions in soil. The details of the current understanding of the McMurdo Dry Valley soil food web are demonstrated and I have highlighted gaps in this knowledge. In the second chapter of this dissertation, I address the question: What trophic interactions are present in the McMurdo Dry Valley soils? Here, I sought to elucidate the soil food web structure using stable isotopes (particularly 15N) and I present isotopic signatures for soil fauna taxa for one location in Taylor Valley, Antarctica. The natural abundance of 13C and 15N were measured for soil fauna and microbial mats sampled in both wet and dry soils near Von Guerard stream. This study revealed that three trophic levels were present in wet soils at this location and two trophic levels were present in dry soil. This is the first isotopic confirmation of Eudorylaimus antarcticus (Nematoda) as an omnivore-predator (in wet soil habitat), and challenges long-held assumptions of trophic simplicity of the McMurdo Dry Valley region.

Building on the findings of Chapter 2, Chapter 3 seeks to expand the understanding of dry valley food webs and the role of trophic interactions in structuring communities under environmental change. Specifically, I address the question: How do environmental variables (soil salinity and moisture) affect dry valley soil taxa and their trophic interactions? I show the results of a laboratory microcosm experiment on how elevated salinity and moisture affect four soil communities. Using soil collected from Taylor Valley, Antarctica, bacteria, bacteria with Scottnema lindsayae, bacteria with E. antarcticus, and bacteria with both S. lindsayae and E. antarcticus were established in microcosms under control or high salinity treatments and control or high moisture treatments (full factorial design). The results of this experiment showed that S. lindsayae has top down effects on bacterial abundance under control salinity but these top down effects were alleviated under high salinity. This study is the first to empirically show that biological interactions structure dry valley soil communities.

The fourth chapter follows the conclusions of Chapters 2 and 3, and seeks to determine food web structure and trophic interactions at the landscape scale in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. I sampled soil from 160 sites across 8 valleys ranging from the coast to high elevation near the polar plateau to address the question: How does the soil food web and its organic carbon sources vary across the McMurdo Dry Valley landscape with distance from coast and elevation? These valleys represent a temperature and moisture gradient, which affects ecosystem primary productivity. This study revealed that food web structure varies by habitat – the most diverse and complex trophic interactions exist in wet habitat near the coast where resources are more abundant. However, in dry habitat, where organic carbon resources are scarce, up to two trophic levels exist. These results build off of Chapter 2, and show that E. antarcticus can occupy either a predator trophic position when resources are high (wet soil) or a primary consumer position when resources are low (dry soil). Since climate-driven increases in hydrological connectivity are expected to alter soil moisture and resources, the distribution and abundance of soil biodiversity and their biotic interactions in formerly dry soil habitats may ultimately shift.

In Chapter 5, I asked if the lessons learned about soil food webs in the McMurdo Dry Valleys apply to a more complex ecosystem? In this study, I used soil nematode communities from the Loch Vale Watershed (Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado) to test whether long-term nitrogen addition affected soil food web structure and function. Results from this study indicated that a faster-cycling, bacterial food web was prevalent in N-addition plots, as evidenced by abundance of r-selected bacterivore nematodes. Previously, lower bacterial abundance and soil carbon were found in the N-addition plots (compared to control) and the results presented in this dissertation suggest that these changes are likely trophic. Along with Chapter 3, the evidence that I present here support the hypothesis for top-down effects of microbivore nematodes on bacteria, which is consistent in subalpine and Antarctic soils.

In summary, through both field and laboratory experiments, my PhD project has: 1) defined the soil food web structure of the McMurdo Dry Valleys using stable isotopes; 2) revealed how top down interactions affect bacteria populations and how elevated stress (e.g. soil salinity) relieves the top down pressure; 3) showed how the soil food web structure varies across the landscape of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica as related to soil C sources; and 4) shown how nitrogen addition affects soil food web dynamics in Colorado sub-alpine soil nematode community (Loch Vale Watershed, LVWS, Rocky Mountain National Park). These results have informed our understanding of soil communities and their trophic relationships in polar and subalpine ecosystems.

1 aShaw, Ashley1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttp://search.proquest.com/openview/0d494a3f115b75da1c7a2464e341808f/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y00851nas a2200265 4500008004100000245009100041210006900132260001200201300001400213490000600227100002500233700002200258700001700280700002100297700002400318700001700342700002400359700002100383700002000404700003300424700003100457700002300488700002000511856005400531 2017 eng d00aDecadal ecosystem response to an anomalous melt season in a polar desert in Antarctica0 aDecadal ecosystem response to an anomalous melt season in a pola c09/2017 a1334-13380 v11 aGooseff, Michael, N.1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aAdams, Byron1 aDoran, Peter, T.1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aLyons, Berry1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.1 aPriscu, John, C.1 aSokol, Eric, R.1 aTakacs-Vesbach, Cristina, D.1 aVandegehuchte, Martijn, L.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-017-0253-001830nas a2200193 4500008004100000245014200041210006900183260001200252300001400264490000700278520115100285100001801436700002601454700002401480700003301504700001701537700002001554856006201574 2017 eng d00aDecoupled responses of soil bacteria and their invertebrate consumer to warming, but not freeze-thaw cycles, in the Antarctic Dry Valleys0 aDecoupled responses of soil bacteria and their invertebrate cons c10/2017 a1242-12490 v203 a

Altered temperature profiles resulting in increased warming and freeze–thaw cycle (FTC) frequency pose great ecological challenges to organisms in alpine and polar ecosystems. We performed a laboratory microcosm experiment to investigate how temperature variability affects soil bacterial cell numbers, and abundance and traits of soil microfauna (the microbivorous nematode Scottnema lindsayae) from McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. FTCs and constant freezing shifted nematode body size distribution towards large individuals, driven by higher mortality among smaller individuals. FTCs reduced both bacterial and nematode abundance, but bacterial cell numbers also declined under warming, demonstrating decoupled consumer–prey responses. We predict that higher occurrence of FTCs in cold ecosystems will select for large body size within soil microinvertebrates and overall reduce their abundance. In contrast, warm temperatures without FTCs could lead to divergent responses in soil bacteria and their microinvertebrate consumers, potentially affecting energy and nutrient transfer rates in soil food webs of cold ecosystems.

1 aKnox, Matthew1 aAndriuzzi, Walter, S.1 aBuelow, Heather, N.1 aTakacs-Vesbach, Cristina, D.1 aAdams, Byron1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ele.12819/full01407nas a2200445 4500008004100000245007700041210006900118260001200187490005900199100002200258700002400280700001900304700002100323700002100344700001900365700002400384700002000408700001700428700002400445700001700469700002300486700001900509700002100528700002000549700002100569700002200590700002300612700002500635700001800660700002200678700002300700700002300723700002500746700001800771700002000789700002400809700002600833700002500859856007700884 2016 eng d00aAerobiology Over Antarctica – A New Initiative for Atmospheric Ecology0 aAerobiology Over Antarctica A New Initiative for Atmospheric Eco c02/20160 v7767961946103149272350113651344451428464791101239365741 aPearce, David, A.1 aAlekhina, Irina, A.1 aTerauds, Aleks1 aWilmotte, Annick1 aQuesada, Antonio1 aEdwards, Arwyn1 aDommergue, Aurelien1 aSattler, Birgit1 aAdams, Byron1 aMagalhaes, Catarina1 aChu, Wan-Loy1 aLau, Maggie, C. Y.1 aCary, Craig, S1 aSmith, David, J.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aEguren, Gabriela1 aMatcher, Gwynneth1 aBradley, James, A.1 ade Vera, Jean-Pierre1 aElster, Josef1 aHughes, Kevin, A.1 aCuthbertson, Lewis1 aBenning, Liane, G.1 aGunde-Cimerman, Nina1 aConvey, Peter1 aHong, Soon, Gyu1 aPointing, Steve, B.1 aPellizari, Vivian, H.1 aVincent, Warwick, F. uhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/Article/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00016/abstract00694nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245012500055210006900180260001600249300001400265490000700279100002000286700001800306700002300324700001900347700002000366700001700386700002300403856006200426 2016 eng d a0831-279600aGenetic diversity among populations of Antarctic springtails (Collembola) within the Mackay Glacier ecotone 10 aGenetic diversity among populations of Antarctic springtails Col cJan-09-2016 a762 - 7700 v591 aBeet, Clare, R.1 aHogg, Ian, D.1 aCollins, Gemma, E.1 aCowan, Don, A.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aAdams, Byron1 aWilson, John-James uhttp://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/gen-2015-019400658nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245011300055210007100168260001200239300001400251490000700265100001800272700002000290700002300310700003100333700001900364700001700383856006400400 2016 eng d a0722-406000aImpact of diurnal freeze–thaw cycles on the soil nematode Scottnema lindsayae in Taylor Valley, Antarctica0 aImpact of diurnal freeze–thaw cycles on the soil nematode Scottn c04/2016 a583 - 5920 v391 aKnox, Matthew1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aVandegehuchte, Martijn, L.1 aSan Gil, Inigo1 aAdams, Byron uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00300-015-1809-604591nas a2201033 4500008004100000022001400041245009100055210006900146260001600215300001100231490000700242520199300249100002002242700002202262700001802284700001602302700002002318700001502338700001802353700001502371700001802386700001702404700001602421700001402437700001402451700001702465700001802482700002102500700001602521700001102537700001502548700002002563700001902583700001602602700001802618700001602636700001402652700001602666700001502682700001602697700001602713700001602729700001802745700001602763700001602779700001302795700001802808700001202826700001402838700001402852700001402866700001602880700001402896700001402910700002002924700001102944700001702955700001502972700002502987700001603012700001703028700001703045700001503062700001703077700001403094700001403108700001703122700001803139700001603157700002403173700002303197700001603220700001503236700001603251700001803267700001803285700001803303700001803321700001503339700001803354700002003372700001603392700001503408700001803423700001703441700001303458700002103471856006503492 2015 eng d a0954-102000aA roadmap for Antarctic and Southern Ocean science for the next two decades and beyond0 aroadmap for Antarctic and Southern Ocean science for the next tw cJan-02-2015 a3 - 180 v273 a

Antarctic and Southern Ocean science is vital to understanding natural variability, the processes that govern global change and the role of humans in the Earth and climate system. The potential for new knowledge to be gained from future Antarctic science is substantial. Therefore, the international Antarctic community came together to ‘scan the horizon’ to identify the highest priority scientific questions that researchers should aspire to answer in the next two decades and beyond. Wide consultation was a fundamental principle for the development of a collective, international view of the most important future directions in Antarctic science. From the many possibilities, the horizon scan identified 80 key scientific questions through structured debate, discussion, revision and voting. Questions were clustered into seven topics: i) Antarctic atmosphere and global connections, ii) Southern Ocean and sea ice in a warming world, iii) ice sheet and sea level, iv) the dynamic Earth, v) life on the precipice, vi) near-Earth space and beyond, and vii) human presence in Antarctica. Answering the questions identified by the horizon scan will require innovative experimental designs, novel applications of technology, invention of next-generation field and laboratory approaches, and expanded observing systems and networks. Unbiased, non-contaminating procedures will be required to retrieve the requisite air, biota, sediment, rock, ice and water samples. Sustained year-round access to Antarctica and the Southern Ocean will be essential to increase winter-time measurements. Improved models are needed that represent Antarctica and the Southern Ocean in the Earth System, and provide predictions at spatial and temporal resolutions useful for decision making. A co-ordinated portfolio of cross-disciplinary science, based on new models of international collaboration, will be essential as no scientist, programme or nation can realize these aspirations alone

1 aKennicutt, M.C.1 aChown, Steven, L.1 aCassano, J.J.1 aLiggett, D.1 aPeck, Lloyd, S.1 aMassom, R.1 aRintoul, S.R.1 aStorey, J.1 aVaughan, D.G.1 aWilson, T.J.1 aAllison, I.1 aAyton, J.1 aBadhe, R.1 aBaeseman, J.1 aBarrett, P.J.1 aBell, Elanor, R.1 aBertler, N.1 aBo, S.1 aBrandt, A.1 aBromwich, David1 aCary, Craig, S1 aClark, M.S.1 aConvey, Peter1 aCosta, E.S.1 aCowan, D.1 aDeconto, R.1 aDunbar, R.1 aElfring, C.1 aEscutia, C.1 aFrancis, J.1 aFricker, H.A.1 aFukuchi, M.1 aGilbert, N.1 aGutt, J.1 aHavermans, C.1 aHik, D.1 aHosie, G.1 aJones, C.1 aKim, Y.D.1 aLe Maho, Y.1 aLee, S.H.1 aLeppe, M.1 aLeitchenkov, G.1 aLi, X.1 aLipenkov, V.1 aLochte, K.1 aLópez-Martínez, J.1 aüdecke, C.1 aLyons, Berry1 aMarenssi, S.1 aMiller, H.1 aMorozova, P.1 aNaish, T.1 aNayak, S.1 aRavindra, R.1 aRetamales, J.1 aRicci, C.A.1 aRogan-Finnemore, M.1 aRopert-Coudert, Y.1 aSamah, A.A.1 aSanson, L.1 aScambos, T.1 aSchloss, I.R.1 aShiraishi, K.1 aSiegert, M.J.1 aSimões, J.C.1 aStorey, B.1 aSparrow, M.D.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aWalsh, J.C.1 aWilson, G.1 aWinther, J.G.1 aXavier, J.C.1 aYang, H.1 aSutherland, W.J. uhttp://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S095410201400067400392nas a2200133 4500008004100000022001400041245003900055210003900094260001200133100002000145700002200165700001500187856005600202 2015 eng d a0028-083600aSoil biodiversity and human health0 aSoil biodiversity and human health c11/20151 aWall, Diana, H.1 aNielsen, Uffe, N.1 aSix, Johan uhttp://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature1574402755nas a2200169 4500008004100000020002200041245005500063210005300118260005100171300001200222520220300234100001902437700001802456700002202474700002002496856006902516 2014 eng d a978-3-642-45212-300aAntarctic Terrestrial Microbiology : Invertebrates0 aAntarctic Terrestrial Microbiology Invertebrates aBerlin, HeidelbergbSpringer Berlin Heidelberg a55 - 783 a

Terrestrial invertebrates are the largest permanent residents for much of the Antarctic continent with body lengths < 2 mm for most. The fauna consists of the arthropod taxa Collembola (springtails) and Acari (mites) as well as the microinvertebrates Nematoda, Tardigrada and Rotifera. Diversity in continental Antarctica is lower compared with warmer regions such as the Antarctic Peninsula and the subantarctic islands and several taxa such as the arthropods have considerably restricted distributions. The highest diversity of invertebrates is found along the Transantarctic Mountains of the Ross Sea Region and taxa are likely to be relicts from a warmer past that have survived in glacial refugia. Dispersal among the extremely fragmented Antarctic landscape is likely to be limited to transport via fresh- or salt-waters, particularly for the arthropod taxa, although long-distance wind dispersal is also possible for the microinvertebrates. Invertebrates possess several adaptations to low moisture levels and extreme cold temperatures in Antarctica. For example, nematodes and tardigrades avoid extreme dry and cold temperatures by entering a desiccation-resistant anhydrobiotic state. In contrast, arthropods do not have such a resistant state and freezing is lethal. Adaptations for the arthropod taxa include freeze avoidance and the production of intracellular, antifreeze proteins. Climate changes in Antarctica are likely to pose significant challenges for the invertebrate fauna. Changes in temperature, soil moisture and associated shifts in taxon distributions as well as the potential for non-indigenous species introductions are all likely to have considerable impacts on the Antarctic fauna. From a conservation perspective, there is a pressing need for terrestrial observation networks to record the present state of Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems as well as to monitor impending changes. Biosecurity measures which minimize species introductions or transfers of organisms within Antarctica will be essential.

1 aCowan, Don, A.1 aHogg, Ian, D.1 aStevens, Mark, I.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttp://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-642-45213-0_400571nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245008700055210006900142260001200211300001200223490000800235100001700243700002000260700002300280700001600303700001800319856005200337 2014 eng d a1313-298900aEcological Biogeography of the Terrestrial Nematodes of Victoria Land, Antarctica0 aEcological Biogeography of the Terrestrial Nematodes of Victoria c06/2015 a29 - 710 v4191 aAdams, Byron1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aBroos, Emma1 aKnox, Matthew uhttp://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=389900633nas a2200193 4500008004100000245011600041210006900157260001200226300001400238490000700252100002200259700001800281700002000299700001400319700002600333700001600359700002100375856004300396 2014 eng d00aGlobal-scale patterns of assemblage structure of soil nematodes in relation to climate and ecosystem properties0 aGlobalscale patterns of assemblage structure of soil nematodes i c01/2014 a968 - 9780 v231 aNielsen, Uffe, N.1 aAyres, Edward1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aLi, Grace1 aBardgett, Richard, D.1 aWu, Tiehang1 aGarey, James, R. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/geb.1217702909nas a2200193 4500008004100000245012700041210006900168260001200237300001600249490000700265520221300272100002502485700002002510700002302530700002502553700002402578700002202602856009102624 2014 eng d00aSoil animal responses to moisture availability are largely scale, not ecosystem dependent: insight from a cross-site study0 aSoil animal responses to moisture availability are largely scale c08/2014 a2631 - 26430 v203 a

Climate change will result in reduced soil water availability in much of the world either due to changes in precipitation or increased temperature and evapotranspiration. How communities of mites and nematodes may respond to changes in moisture availability is not well known, yet these organisms play important roles in decomposition and nutrient cycling processes. We determined how communities of these organisms respond to changes in moisture availability and whether common patterns occur along fine-scale gradients of soil moisture within four individual ecosystem types (mesic, xeric and arid grasslands and a polar desert) located in the western United States and Antarctica, as well as across a cross-ecosystem moisture gradient (CEMG) of all four ecosystems considered together. An elevation transect of three sampling plots was monitored within each ecosystem and soil samples were collected from these plots and from existing experimental precipitation manipulations within each ecosystem once in fall of 2009 and three times each in 2010 and 2011. Mites and nematodes were sorted to trophic groups and analyzed to determine community responses to changes in soil moisture availability. We found that while both mites and nematodes increased with available soil moisture across the CEMG, within individual ecosystems, increases in soil moisture resulted in decreases to nematode communities at all but the arid grassland ecosystem; mites showed no responses at any ecosystem. In addition, we found changes in proportional abundances of mite and nematode trophic groups as soil moisture increased within individual ecosystems, which may result in shifts within soil food webs with important consequences for ecosystem functioning. We suggest that communities of soil animals at local scales may respond predictably to changes in moisture availability regardless of ecosystem type but that additional factors, such as climate variability, vegetation composition, and soil properties may influence this relationship over larger scales.

1 aSylvain, Zachary, A.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aCherwin, Karie, L.1 aPeters, Debra, P. C.1 aReichmann, Lara, G.1 aSala, Osvaldo, E. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/gcb.2014.20.issue-8http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/gcb.1252203560nas a2200397 4500008004100000022001400041245005200055210004800107260001200155300001400167490000700181520243500188100001802623700002202641700001902663700002502682700001902707700002002726700002202746700002102768700002402789700002102813700002302834700002702857700002302884700002802907700001702935700001902952700002202971700002002993700002103013700002503034700002603059700002003085856005703105 2014 eng d a0012-961500aThe spatial structure of Antarctic biodiversity0 aspatial structure of Antarctic biodiversity c05/2014 a203 - 2440 v843 a

Patterns of environmental spatial structure lie at the heart of the most fundamental and familiar patterns of diversity on Earth. Antarctica contains some of the strongest environmental gradients on the planet and therefore provides an ideal study ground to test hypotheses on the relevance of environmental variability for biodiversity. To answer the pivotal question, “How does spatial variation in physical and biological environmental properties across the Antarctic drive biodiversity?” we have synthesized current knowledge on environmental variability across terrestrial, freshwater, and marine Antarctic biomes and related this to the observed biotic patterns. The most important physical driver of Antarctic terrestrial communities is the availability of liquid water, itself driven by solar irradiance intensity. Patterns of biota distribution are further strongly influenced by the historical development of any given location or region, and by geographical barriers. In freshwater ecosystems, free water is also crucial, with further important influences from salinity, nutrient availability, oxygenation, and characteristics of ice cover and extent. In the marine biome there does not appear to be one major driving force, with the exception of the oceanographic boundary of the Polar Front. At smaller spatial scales, ice cover, ice scour, and salinity gradients are clearly important determinants of diversity at habitat and community level. Stochastic and extreme events remain an important driving force in all environments, particularly in the context of local extinction and colonization or recolonization, as well as that of temporal environmental variability. Our synthesis demonstrates that the Antarctic continent and surrounding oceans provide an ideal study ground to develop new biogeographical models, including life history and physiological traits, and to address questions regarding biological responses to environmental variability and change.

 

1 aConvey, Peter1 aChown, Steven, L.1 aClarke, Andrew1 aBarnes, David, K. A.1 aBokhorst, Stef1 aCummings, Vonda1 aDucklow, Hugh, W.1 aFrati, Francesco1 aGreen, T., G. Allan1 aGordon, Shulamit1 aGriffiths, Huw, J.1 aHoward-Williams, Clive1 aHuiskes, Ad, H. L.1 aLaybourn-Parry, Johanna1 aLyons, Berry1 aMcMinn, Andrew1 aMorley, Simon, A.1 aPeck, Lloyd, S.1 aQuesada, Antonio1 aRobinson, Sharon, A.1 aSchiaparelli, Stefano1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttp://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/12-2216.102237nas a2200337 4500008004100000024003300041245010300074210006900177260001200246300001300258490000700271520126700278100001301545700001701558700001901575700001401594700002001608700001801628700001801646700001301664700001701677700001401694700002001708700001801728700001401746700002101760700001801781700002001799700001701819856006301836 2013 eng d ahdl: 10013 / epic.42531.d00100aAntarctic Thresholds - Ecosystem Resilience and Adaptation (AnT-ERA), a new SCAR-biology programme0 aAntarctic Thresholds Ecosystem Resilience and Adaptation AnTERA  c10/2013 a147-150.0 v823 a

Stresses on Antarctic ecosystems result from environmental change, including extreme events, and from (other) human impacts. Consequently, Antarctic habitats are changing, some at a rapid pace while others are relatively stable. A cascade of responses from molecular through organismic to the community level are expected. The differences in biological complexity and evolutionary histories between both polar regions and the rest of the planet suggest that stresses on polar ecosystem function may have fundamentally different outcomes from those at lower latitudes. Polar ecosystem processes are therefore key to informing wider ecological debate about the nature of stability and potential changes across the biosphere. The main goal of AnT-ERA is to facilitate the science required to examine changes in biological processes in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic marine-, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. Tolerance limits, as well as thresholds, resistance and resilience to environmental change will be determined. AnT-ERA is classified into three overlapping themes, which represent three levels of biological organisation: (1) molecular and physiological performance, (2) population processes and species traits, (3) ecosystem function and services.

1 aGutt, J.1 aAdams, Byron1 aBracegirdle, T1 aCowan, D.1 aCummings, Vonda1 adi Prisco, G.1 aGradinger, R.1 aIsla, E.1 aMcIntyre, T.1 aMurphy, E1 aPeck, Lloyd, S.1 aSchloss, I.R.1 aSmith, C.1 aSuckling, C., C.1 aTakahashi, A.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aXavier, J.C. uhttp://epic.awi.de/34238/1/Polarforschung_82-2_147-150.pdf00566nas a2200133 4500008004100000245013000041210006900171260001200240300001400252490000700266100002200273700002000295856011700315 2013 eng d00aThe future of soil invertebrate communities in polar regions: different climate change responses in the Arctic and Antarctic?0 afuture of soil invertebrate communities in polar regions differe c03/2013 a409 - 4190 v161 aNielsen, Uffe, N.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ele.12058/abstract;jsessionid=2591020317030CE8FCDC37FE39B4F0B2.f01t0400533nas a2200157 4500008004100000245009000041210006900131260001300200300001000213490000700223100002500230700001700255700002600272700002000298856005700318 2013 eng d00aThe Life Cycle of the Antarctic Nematode Plectus murrayi Under Laboratory Conditions.0 aLife Cycle of the Antarctic Nematode Plectus murrayi Under Labor c2013 Mar a39-420 v451 aTomasel, Cecilia, M.1 aAdams, Byron1 aTomasel, Fernando, G.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3625130/00730nas a2200193 4500008004100000245009900041210006900140300001100209100002100220700002400241700002500265700002200290700002200312700002400334700001700358700002200375700002000397856011900417 2013 eng d00aWater track modification of soil ecosystems in the Lake Hoare basin, Taylor Valley, Antarctica0 aWater track modification of soil ecosystems in the Lake Hoare ba a1 - 101 aLevy, Joseph, S.1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aGooseff, Michael, N.1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aVantreese, Robert1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aLyons, Berry1 aNielsen, Uffe, N.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/water-track-modification-soil-ecosystems-lake-hoare-basin-taylor-valley-antarctica00646nas a2200193 4500008004100000245007700041210006900118260001100187300001400198490001200212100002100224700002100245700002400266700002400290700002000314700002300334700002400357856007100381 2012 eng d00aAeolian flux of biotic and abiotic material in Taylor Valley, Antarctica0 aAeolian flux of biotic and abiotic material in Taylor Valley Ant c6/2012 a102 - 1110 v155-1561 aŠabacká, Marie1 aPriscu, John, C.1 aBasagic, Hassan, J.1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aGreenwood, Mark, C. uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X1100622202734nas a2200229 4500008004100000245012900041210006900170260001600239300001100255490000600266520197000272100002402242700002202266700001902288700001602307700002202323700002002345700001702365700002102382700002402403856007702427 2012 eng d00aAt Limits of Life: Multidisciplinary Insights Reveal Environmental Constraints on Biotic Diversity in Continental Antarctica0 aAt Limits of Life Multidisciplinary Insights Reveal Environmenta cJul-09-2013 ae445780 v73 a

Multitrophic communities that maintain the functionality of the extreme Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems, while the simplest of any natural community, are still challenging our knowledge about the limits to life on earth. In this study, we describe and interpret the linkage between the diversity of different trophic level communities to the geological morphology and soil geochemistry in the remote Transantarctic Mountains (Darwin Mountains, 80°S). We examined the distribution and diversity of biota (bacteria, cyanobacteria, lichens, algae, invertebrates) with respect to elevation, age of glacial drift sheets, and soil physicochemistry. Results showed an abiotic spatial gradient with respect to the diversity of the organisms across different trophic levels. More complex communities, in terms of trophic level diversity, were related to the weakly developed younger drifts (Hatherton and Britannia) with higher soil C/N ratio and lower total soluble salts content (thus lower conductivity). Our results indicate that an increase of ion concentration from younger to older drift regions drives a succession of complex to more simple communities, in terms of number of trophic levels and diversity within each group of organisms analysed. This study revealed that integrating diversity across multi-trophic levels of biotic communities with abiotic spatial heterogeneity and geological history is fundamental to understand environmental constraints influencing biological distribution in Antarctic soil ecosystems.

 
1 aMagalhaes, Catarina1 aStevens, Mark, I.1 aCary, Craig, S1 aBall, Becky1 aStorey, Bryan, C.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aTürk, Roman1 aRuprecht, Ulrike1 ade Bello, Francesco uhttp://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.004457804191nas a2200445 4500008004100000022001400041245005900055210005900114260001600173300001400189490000800203520302300211100002203234700001603256700001903272700001503291700001803306700002003324700001503344700001903359700001603378700001303394700001503407700001803422700001303440700002203453700001503475700001503490700002303505700001303528700001903541700001703560700001503577700001703592700001803609700002003627700001603647700002003663856006203683 2012 eng d a0036-807500aChallenges to the Future Conservation of the Antarctic0 aChallenges to the Future Conservation of the Antarctic cJan-07-2013 a158 - 1590 v3373 a

The Antarctic Treaty System, acknowledged as a successful model of cooperative regulation of one of the globe's largest commons (1), is under substantial pressure. Concerns have been raised about increased stress on Antarctic systems from global environmental change and growing interest in the region's resources (23). Although policy-makers may recognize these challenges, failure to respond in a timely way can have substantial negative consequences. We provide a horizon scan, a systematic means for identifying emerging trends and assisting decision-makers in identifying policies that address future challenges (23). Previous analyses of conservation threats in the Antarctic have been restricted to matters for which available evidence is compelling (4). We reconsider these concerns because they might escalate quickly, judging from recent rapid environmental change in parts of Antarctica and increasing human interest in the region (see the map). We then focus on a more distant time horizon.

1 aChown, Steven, L.1 aLee, J., E.1 aHughes, K., A.1 aBarnes, J.1 aBarrett, P.J.1 aBergstrom, D.M.1 aConvey, P.1 aCowan, Don, A.1 aCrosbie, K.1 aDyer, G.1 aFrenot, Y.1 aGrant, S., M.1 aHerr, D.1 aKennicutt, M., C.1 aLamers, M.1 aMurray, A.1 aPossingham, H., P.1 aReid, K.1 aRiddle, M., J.1 aRyan, P., G.1 aSanson, L.1 aShaw, J., D.1 aSparrow, M.D.1 aSummerhayes, C.1 aTerauds, A.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttp://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.122282100683nas a2200205 4500008004100000245009900041210006900140260001200209100001700221700002300238700001700261700002200278700002100300700002600321700001700347700002200364700002000386700002200406856004900428 2012 eng d00aCross-biome metagenomic analyses of soil microbial communities and their functional attributes0 aCrossbiome metagenomic analyses of soil microbial communities an c11/20121 aFierer, Noah1 aLeff, Jonathan, W.1 aAdams, Byron1 aNielsen, Uffe, N.1 aBates, Scott, T.1 aLauber, Christian, L.1 aOwens, Sarah1 aGilbert, Jack, A.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aCaporaso, Gregory uwww.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.121521011000640nas a2200193 4500008004100000245010100041210006900142260001200211300001000223490000600233100002200239700002000261700001700281700002300298700001600321700002500337700002400362856006000386 2012 eng d00aThe ecology of pulse events: insights from an extreme climatic event in a polar desert ecosystem0 aecology of pulse events insights from an extreme climatic event  c02/2012 aart170 v31 aNielsen, Uffe, N.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aAdams, Byron1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aBall, Becky1 aGooseff, Michael, N.1 aMcKnight, Diane, M. uhttp://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/ES11-00325.100743nas a2200205 4500008004100000245013500041210006900176260001200245300001600257490000700273100002100280700002200301700002500323700002400348700002200372700002000394700002400414700002400438856007500462 2012 eng d00aExtreme streams: flow intermittency as a control on diatom communities in meltwater streams in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica0 aExtreme streams flow intermittency as a control on diatom commun c08/2012 a1405 - 14190 v691 aStanish, Lee, F.1 aKohler, Tyler, J.1 aEsposito, Rhea, M.M.1 aSimmons, Breana, L.1 aNielsen, Uffe, N.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aNemergut, Diana, R.1 aMcKnight, Diane, M. uhttp://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/f2012-022#.UH2NlWcnq9g00350nas a2200121 4500008004100000245003400041210003400075260001200109300001400121490000700135100002000142856006600162 2012 eng d00aLeaving scientific footprints0 aLeaving scientific footprints c11/2012 a502 - 5030 v101 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/leaving-scientific-footprints00626nas a2200181 4500008004100000245012300041210006900164260001100233300001200244490000700256100001600263700002000279700001200299700001700311700002200328700002300350856007100373 2012 eng d00aThawing permafrost alters nematode populations and soil habitat characteristics in an Antarctic polar desert ecosystem0 aThawing permafrost alters nematode populations and soil habitat  c3/2012 a75 - 810 v551 aSmith, T.E.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aHogg, I1 aAdams, Byron1 aNielsen, Uffe, N.1 aVirginia, Ross, A. uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003140561100115600530nas a2200157 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128260001200197300001600209490000700225100002200232700002000254700001700274700002300291856005800314 2011 eng d00aAntarctic nematode communities: observed and predicted responses to climate change0 aAntarctic nematode communities observed and predicted responses  c11/2011 a1701 - 17110 v341 aNielsen, Uffe, N.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aAdams, Byron1 aVirginia, Ross, A. uhttp://www.springerlink.com/content/v588t5671p1w1323/00443nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245005700055210005700112260001200169300001600181490000700197100001800204700002000222856005500242 2011 eng d a0722-406000aGlobal change and Antarctic terrestrial biodiversity0 aGlobal change and Antarctic terrestrial biodiversity c11/2011 a1625 - 16270 v341 aHogg, Ian, D.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00300-011-1108-900609nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245010500055210006900160260001200229490002400241100001600265700002200281700002500303700002300328700002000351856006800371 2011 eng d a0800-039500aImplications of meltwater pulse events for soil biology and biogeochemical cycling in a polar desert0 aImplications of meltwater pulse events for soil biology and biog c12/20110 v30812810303525113401 aBall, Becky1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aGooseff, Michael, N.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttp://www.polarresearch.net/index.php/polar/article/view/1455500651nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245007900055210006900134260001200203300000800215490000700223100002000230700001700250700002200267700001800289700002700307700002100334700002500355856006500380 2011 eng d a0954-102000aLong-term ecosystem networks to record change: an international imperative0 aLongterm ecosystem networks to record change an international im c06/2011 a2090 v231 aWall, Diana, H.1 aLyons, Berry1 aChown, Steven, L.1 aConvey, Peter1 aHoward-Williams, Clive1 aQuesada, Antonio1 aVincent, Warwick, F. uhttp://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S095410201100031900668nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245010700055210006900162260001200231300001600243490000700259100001900266700001600285700001800301700002400319700002000343700002400363700002000387856005500407 2011 eng d a0722-406000aMicroclimate impacts of passive warming methods in Antarctica: implications for climate change studies0 aMicroclimate impacts of passive warming methods in Antarctica im c10/2011 a1421 - 14350 v341 aBokhorst, Stef1 aHuiskes, Ad1 aConvey, Peter1 aSinclair, Brent, J.1 aLebouvier, Marc1 aVan de Vijver, Bart1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00300-011-0997-y00597nas a2200169 4500008004100000245007600041210006900117260001200186300001800198490000800216100001600224700001800240700002600258700002000284700002100304856010200325 2011 eng d00aMolecular study of worldwide distribution and diversity of soil animals0 aMolecular study of worldwide distribution and diversity of soil  c10/2011 a17720 - 177250 v1081 aWu, Tiehang1 aAyres, Edward1 aBardgett, Richard, D.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aGarey, James, R. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/molecular-study-worldwide-distribution-and-diversity-soil-animals00632nas a2200181 4500008004100000245008400041210006900125260001100194300001400205490000700219100002200226700002000248700001400268700001700282700001700299700002300316856011100339 2011 eng d00aNematode communities of Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, maritime Antarctica0 aNematode communities of Byers Peninsula Livingston Island mariti c8/2011 a349 - 3570 v231 aNielsen, Uffe, N.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aLi, Grace1 aToro, Manuel1 aAdams, Byron1 aVirginia, Ross, A. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/nematode-communities-byers-peninsula-livingston-island-maritime-antarctica00639nas a2200169 4500008004100000245009600041210006900137260001200206300002800218490000900246100002500255700002500280700001000305700002000315700001700335856011700352 2010 eng d00aThe Antarctic Nematode Plectus murrayi: An Emerging Model to Study Multiple Stress Survival0 aAntarctic Nematode Plectus murrayi An Emerging Model to Study Mu c11/2010 apdb.emo142 - pdb.emo1420 v20101 aAdhikari, Bishwo, N.1 aTomasel, Cecilia, M.1 aLi, G1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aAdams, Byron uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/antarctic-nematode-plectus-murrayi-emerging-model-study-multiple-stress-survival00534nas a2200169 4500008004100000245005300041210005300094260001200147300003200159490000900191100002500200700002500225700001000250700002000260700001700280856006700297 2010 eng d00aCulturing the Antarctic Nematode Plectus murrayi0 aCulturing the Antarctic Nematode Plectus murrayi c11/2010 apdb.prot5522 - pdb.prot55220 v20101 aAdhikari, Bishwo, N.1 aTomasel, Cecilia, M.1 aLi, G1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aAdams, Byron uhttp://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2010/11/pdb.emo142.short00587nas a2200145 4500008004100000245011100041210006900152260001200221300001600233490000800249100002500257700002000282700001700302856012200319 2010 eng d00aEffect of slow desiccation and freezing on gene transcription and stress survival of an Antarctic nematode0 aEffect of slow desiccation and freezing on gene transcription an c06/2010 a1803 - 18120 v2131 aAdhikari, Bishwo, N.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aAdams, Byron uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/effect-slow-desiccation-and-freezing-gene-transcription-and-stress-survival-antarctic00756nas a2200205 4500008004100000245011700041210006900158260001100227300001400238490000700252100001800259700002200277700002000299700001700319700002200336700002400358700002300382700002400405856012100429 2010 eng d00aExperimentally increased snow accumulation alters soil moisture and animal community structure in a polar desert0 aExperimentally increased snow accumulation alters soil moisture  c7/2010 a897 - 9070 v331 aAyres, Edward1 aNkem, Johnson, N.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aAdams, Byron1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aSimmons, Breana, L.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aFountain, Andrew, G uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/experimentally-increased-snow-accumulation-alters-soil-moisture-and-animal-community00918nas a2200325 4500008004100000245006400041210006300105300001200168490000700180100001700187700001600204700001400220700001600234700001500250700001400265700002500279700001500304700001300319700002000332700002600352700001600378700001700394700001900411700001300430700001500443700001200458700001500470700001500485856009200500 2009 eng d00aAccelerate Synthesis in Ecology and Environmental Sciences.0 aAccelerate Synthesis in Ecology and Environmental Sciences a699-7010 v591 aCarpenter, S1 aLundberg, P1 aMangel, M1 aMerchant, N1 aMurdoch, W1 aPalmer, M1 aPeters, Debra, P. C.1 aPickett, S1 aSmith, K1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aZimmerman, Maggie, K.1 aArmbrust, E1 aArzberger, E1 aChapin, F., S.1 aElser, J1 aHackett, E1 aIves, A1 aKareiva, P1 aLeibold, M uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/accelerate-synthesis-ecology-and-environmental-sciences00495nas a2200145 4500008004100000245010200041210006900143260001200212300000700224490000700231100002500238700002000263700001700283856004900300 2009 eng d00aDesiccation survival in an Antarctic nematode: molecular analysis using expressed sequenced tags.0 aDesiccation survival in an Antarctic nematode molecular analysis c09/2009 a690 v101 aAdhikari, Bishwo, N.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aAdams, Byron uhttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/10/6900622nas a2200157 4500008004100000245010300041210006900144300001400213490000700227100001600234700002300250700002200273700002400295700002000319856012500339 2009 eng d00aInteractions between physical and biotic factors influence CO_2 flux in Antarctic dry valley soils0 aInteractions between physical and biotic factors influence CO2 f a1510-15170 v411 aBall, Becky1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aParsons, Andrew, N.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/interactions-between-physical-and-biotic-factors-influence-co2-flux-antarctic-dry-valley00654nas a2200169 4500008004100000245010800041210006900149300001400218490000700232100002400239700002000263700001700283700001800300700002200318700002300340856012100363 2009 eng d00aLong-term experimental warming reduces soil nematode populations in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica0 aLongterm experimental warming reduces soil nematode populations  a2052-20600 v411 aSimmons, Breana, L.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aAdams, Byron1 aAyres, Edward1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aVirginia, Ross, A. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/long-term-experimental-warming-reduces-soil-nematode-populations-mcmurdo-dry-valleys00718nas a2200241 4500008004100000245007300041210006900114300001200183490000600195100001500201700001300216700001800229700002000247700001600267700001300283700001200296700001400308700001500322700001500337700001300352700001300365856009800378 2009 eng d00aManaging for ocean biodiversity to sustain marine ecosystem services0 aManaging for ocean biodiversity to sustain marine ecosystem serv a204-2110 v71 aPalumbi, S1 aNorse, E1 aStachowicz, J1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aSandifer, P1 aAllan, J1 aBeck, M1 aFautin, D1 aFogerty, M1 aHalpern, B1 aIncze, L1 aLeong, J uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/managing-ocean-biodiversity-sustain-marine-ecosystem-services00633nas a2200157 4500008004100000245012400041210006900165300001200234100001000246700001800256700001000274700002600284700002000310700002100330856012400351 2009 eng d00aMolecular profiling of soil animal diversity in natural ecosystems: incongruence of molecular and morphological results0 aMolecular profiling of soil animal diversity in natural ecosyste a849-8571 aWu, T1 aAyres, Edward1 aLi, G1 aBardgett, Richard, D.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aGarey, James, R. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/molecular-profiling-soil-animal-diversity-natural-ecosystems-incongruence-molecular-and00629nas a2200169 4500008004100000245008900041210006900130300001400199490000700213100002400220700002000244700001700264700001800281700002200299700002300321856011500344 2009 eng d00aTerrestrial mesofauna in above- and below-ground habitats: Taylor Valley, Antarctica0 aTerrestrial mesofauna in above and belowground habitats Taylor V a1549-15580 v321 aSimmons, Breana, L.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aAdams, Byron1 aAyres, Edward1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aVirginia, Ross, A. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/terrestrial-mesofauna-above-and-below-ground-habitats-taylor-valley-antarctica00528nas a2200109 4500008004100000245011900041210006900160260003000229100001400259700002000273856012500293 2008 eng d00aA comparison of anhydrobiosis in nematodes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica and Short Grass Steppe, Colorado0 acomparison of anhydrobiosis in nematodes of the McMurdo Dry Vall bColorado School of Mines,1 aSeaver, K1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/comparison-anhydrobiosis-nematodes-mcmurdo-dry-valleys-antarctica-and-short-grass-steppe00606nas a2200145 4500008004100000245011900041210006900160300001400229490000700243100002200250700002300272700002000295700001700315856012800332 2008 eng d00aDecline in a dominant invertebrate species contributes to altered carbon cycling in a low-diversity soil ecosystem0 aDecline in a dominant invertebrate species contributes to altere a1734-17440 v141 aBarrett, John, E.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aAdams, Byron uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/decline-dominant-invertebrate-species-contributes-altered-carbon-cycling-low-diversity-soil02709nas a2200241 4500008004100000245010000041210006900141260001200210300001400222490000700236520190500243100001802148700002202166700002002188700001702208700002202225700001302247700002402260700002202284700002402306700002302330856011402353 2008 eng d00aEffects of Human Trampling on Populations of Soil Fauna in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica.0 aEffects of Human Trampling on Populations of Soil Fauna in the M c12/2008 a1544-15510 v223 a

Antarctic ecosystems are often considered nearly pristine because levels of anthropogenic disturbance are extremely low there. Nevertheless, over recent decades there has been a rapid increase in the number of people, researchers and tourists, visiting Antarctica. We evaluated, over 10 years, the direct impact of foot traffic on the abundance of soil animals and soil properties in Taylor Valley within the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica. We compared soils from minimally disturbed areas with soils from nearby paths that received intermediate and high levels of human foot traffic (i.e., up to approximately 80 passes per year). The nematodes Scottnema lindsayae and Eudorylaimus sp. were the most commonly found animal species, whereas rotifers and tardigrades were found only occasionally. On the highly trampled footpaths, abundance of S. lindsayae and Eudorylaimus sp. was up to 52 and 76% lower, respectively, than in untrampled areas. Moreover, reduction in S. lindsayae abundance was more pronounced after 10 years than 2 years and in the surface soil than in the deeper soil, presumably because of the longer period of disturbance and the greater level of physical disturbance experienced by the surface soil. The ratio of living to dead Eudorylaimus sp. also declined with increased trampling intensity, which is indicative of increased mortality or reduced fecundity. At one site there was evidence that high levels of trampling reduced soil CO2 fluxes, which is related to total biological activity in the soil. Our results show that even low levels of human traffic can significantly affect soil biota in this ecosystem and may alter ecosystem processes, such as carbon cycling. Consequently, management and conservation plans for Antarctic soils should consider the high sensitivity of soil fauna to physical disturbance as human presence in this ecosystem increases.

1 aAyres, Edward1 aNkem, Johnson, N.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aAdams, Byron1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aBroos, E1 aParsons, Andrew, N.1 aPowers, Laura, E.1 aSimmons, Breana, L.1 aVirginia, Ross, A. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/effects-human-trampling-populations-soil-fauna-mcmurdo-dry-valleys-antarctica01642nas a2200541 4500008004100000245010100041210006900142260001200211300001400223490000700237100002000244700002300264700002100287700002300308700002900331700002300360700002200383700002400405700001700429700002000446700002100466700002600487700002000513700002200533700002400555700002400579700001900603700002200622700002200644700002100666700001700687700002200704700002300726700001500749700001900764700002100783700002100804700002400825700002200849700002300871700002600894700002300920700001900943700002900962700001500991700001701006856007701023 2008 eng d00aGlobal decomposition experiment shows soil animal impacts on decomposition are climate dependent0 aGlobal decomposition experiment shows soil animal impacts on dec c11/2008 a2661-26770 v141 aWall, Diana, H.1 aBradford, Mark, A.1 aStJohn, Mark, G.1 aTrofymow, John, A.1 aBehan-Pelletier, Valerie1 aBignell, David, E.1 aDangerfield, Mark1 aParton, William, J.1 aRusek, Josef1 aVoigt, Winfried1 aWolters, Volkmar1 aGardel, Holley, Zadeh1 aAyuke, Fred, O.1 aBashford, Richard1 aBeljakova, Olga, I.1 aBohlen, Patrick, J.1 aBrauman, Alain1 aFlemming, Stephen1 aHenschel, Joh, R.1 aJohnson, Dan, L.1 aJones, Hefin1 aKovarova, Marcela1 aKranabetter, Marty1 aKutny, Les1 aLin, Kuo-Chuan1 aMaryati, Mohamed1 aMasse, Dominique1 aPokarzhevsk, Andrei1 aRahman, Homathevi1 aSabara, Millor, G.1 aSalamon, Joerg-Alfred1 aSwift, Michael, J.1 aVarela, Amanda1 aVasconcelos, Heraldo, L.1 aWhite, Don1 aZou, Xiaming uhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01672.x/full00591nas a2200157 4500008004100000245009700041210006900138260001200207300001200219490000700231100001300238700002200251700002300273700002000296856011700316 2008 eng d00aThe influence of soil geochemistry on nematode distribution, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica0 ainfluence of soil geochemistry on nematode distribution McMurdo  c02/2008 a119-1280 v401 aPoage, M1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/influence-soil-geochemistry-nematode-distribution-mcmurdo-dry-valleys-antarctica00626nas a2200181 4500008004100000245008300041210006900124300001400193490000700207100002000214700001600234700001400250700001100264700002200275700002000297700001900317856010800336 2008 eng d00aMicrobial community composition in soils of Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica0 aMicrobial community composition in soils of Northern Victoria La a1713-17240 v101 aNiederberger, T1 aMcDonald, i1 aHacker, A1 aSoo, R1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aCary, Craig, S uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/microbial-community-composition-soils-northern-victoria-land-antarctica00595nas a2200169 4500008004100000245008100041210006900122260001200191300001400203490000700217653002100224653001400245100002200259700002300281700002000304856010100324 2008 eng d00aPersistent effects of a discrete climate event on a polar desert ecosystem0 aPersistent effects of a discrete climate event on a polar desert c06/2008 a2249-22610 v1410aClimate Response10anematodes1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/persistent-effects-discrete-climate-event-polar-desert-ecosystem03147nas a2200241 4500008004100000245006800041210006800109260001200177300001400189490000800203520239000211653001102601100002202612700002302634700001702657700002402674700002102698700002402719700002002743700002402763700002102787856009702808 2007 eng d00aBiogeochemical stoichiometry of Antarctic Dry Valley ecosystems0 aBiogeochemical stoichiometry of Antarctic Dry Valley ecosystems c02/2007 aG01010+120 v1123 a

Among aquatic and terrestrial landscapes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, ecosystem stoichiometry ranges from values near the Redfield ratios for C:N:P to nutrient concentrations in proportions far above or below ratios necessary to support balanced microbial growth. This polar desert provides an opportunity to evaluate stoichiometric approaches to understand nutrient cycling in an ecosystem where biological diversity and activity are low, and controls over the movement and mass balances of nutrients operate over 10–106 years. The simple organisms (microbial and metazoan) comprising dry valley foodwebs adhere to strict biochemical requirements in the composition of their biomass, and when activated by availability of liquid water, they influence the chemical composition of their environment according to these ratios. Nitrogen and phosphorus varied significantly in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems occurring on landscape surfaces across a wide range of exposure ages, indicating strong influences of landscape development and geochemistry on nutrient availability. Biota control the elemental ratio of stream waters, while geochemical stoichiometry (e.g., weathering, atmospheric deposition) evidently limits the distribution of soil invertebrates. We present a conceptual model describing transformations across dry valley landscapes facilitated by exchanges of liquid water and biotic processing of dissolved nutrients. We conclude that contemporary ecosystem stoichiometry of Antarctic Dry Valley soils, glaciers, streams, and lakes results from a combination of extant biological processes superimposed on a legacy of landscape processes and previous climates.

10aBiggie1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aLyons, Berry1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.1 aPriscu, John, C.1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aMoorhead, Daryl, L.1 aDoran, Peter, T. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/biogeochemical-stoichiometry-antarctic-dry-valley-ecosystems01239nas a2200157 4500008004100000245010700041210006900148260001200217300001400229490000800243520072000251653001100971653000900982100002000991856007001011 2007 eng d00aGlobal Change tipping points: Above- and below-ground biotic interactions in a low diversity ecosystem0 aGlobal Change tipping points Above and belowground biotic intera c12/2007 a2291-23060 v3623 a

Low diversity ecosystems are expected to be more vulnerable to global changes although they have received less attention than high diversity ecosystems. Addressing the present state of the Antarctic Dry Valley region by focusing on the potential global changes that may alter the coupling of above- and below-ground species and ecosystem processes is a realistic and critical need that has value beyond the Antarctic community. Presented here are suggested implications of global change on the Dry Valley terrestrial systems and how these effects might be manifested in the future.

10aBiggie10asoil1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttp://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/362/1488/2291.full00380nas a2200109 4500008004100000245004700041210004400088260003300132100002000165700002900185856005600214 2007 eng d00aHidden Assets: Biodiversity Below-Surface.0 aHidden Assets Biodiversity BelowSurface bUNESCO-SCOPE Policy Brief #51 aWall, Diana, H.1 aBehan-Pelletier, Valerie uhttp://www.icsu-scope.org/unesco/USPB05_SOIL_En.pdf00539nas a2200145 4500008004100000245008300041210006900124300001200193490000700205100001200212700002000224700002000244700002300264856010600287 2007 eng d00aA mathematical model for variation in water-retention curves among sandy soils0 amathematical model for variation in waterretention curves among  a427-4360 v191 aHunt, H1 aTreonis, Amy, M1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aVirginia, Ross, A. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/mathematical-model-variation-water-retention-curves-among-sandy-soils00625nas a2200169 4500008004100000245010600041210006900147300001200216490000700228100001700235700002000252700001300272700001500285700001500300700001200315856012800327 2007 eng d00aThe southernmost worm, Scottnema lindsayae (Nematoda): diversity, dispersal and ecological stability.0 asouthernmost worm Scottnema lindsayae Nematoda diversity dispers a809-8150 v301 aAdams, Byron1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aGozel, U1 aDillman, A1 aChaston, J1 aHogg, I uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/southernmost-worm-scottnema-lindsayae-nematoda-diversity-dispersal-and-ecological-stability00578nas a2200133 4500008004100000245011000041210006900151100001800220700002000238700001700258700002200275700002300297856012400320 2007 eng d00aUnique similarity of faunal communities across aquatic terrestrial interfaces in a polar desert ecosystem0 aUnique similarity of faunal communities across aquatic terrestri1 aAyres, Edward1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aAdams, Byron1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aVirginia, Ross, A. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/unique-similarity-faunal-communities-across-aquatic-terrestrial-interfaces-polar-desert00665nas a2200217 4500008004100000245008000041210006900121300001400190490000700204100001200211700002000223700001900243700001400262700001500276700001600291700001700307700001600324700002100340700001500361856007100376 2006 eng d00aBiotic interactions in Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems: Are they a factor?0 aBiotic interactions in Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems Are they a3035-30400 v381 aHogg, I1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aCary, Craig, S1 aConvey, K1 aNewsham, K1 aODonnell, G1 aAdams, Byron1 aAislabie, J1 aFrati, Francesco1 aStevens, M uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003807170600217300757nas a2200181 4500008004100000245010900041210006900150300001200219490000700231100002200238700002300260700002000283700001900303700001700322700001400339700001600353856020600369 2006 eng d00aCo-variation in soil biodiversity and biogeochemistry in Northern and Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica0 aCovariation in soil biodiversity and biogeochemistry in Northern a535-5480 v181 aBarrett, John, E.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aCary, Craig, S1 aAdams, Byron1 aHacker, A1 aAislabie, J uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antarctic-science/article/covariation-in-soil-biodiversity-and-biogeochemistry-in-northern-and-southern-victoria-land-antarctica/C3514C28DB75F3A19DB5F266D4B1B56E00891nas a2200325 4500008004100000245005400041210005400095300001400149490000700163100001700170700001500187700001800202700001200220700002100232700001200253700001500265700001700280700001500297700001500312700001500327700002600342700001800368700002000386700001600406700001600422700001600438700001900454700001600473856007600489 2006 eng d00aDiversity and distribution of Victoria Land biota0 aDiversity and distribution of Victoria Land biota a3003-30180 v381 aAdams, Byron1 aConnell, L1 aConvey, Peter1 aFell, J1 aFrati, Francesco1 aHogg, I1 aNewsham, K1 aO'Donnell, A1 aRussell, N1 aSeppelt, R1 aStevens, M1 aBardgett, Richard, D.1 aAyres, Edward1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aAislabie, J1 aBamforth, S1 aBargagli, R1 aCary, Craig, S1 aCavacini, P uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S003807170600221500554nas a2200169 4500008004100000245006300041210006200104300001200166490000700178100001500185700001600200700002200216700002000238700002300258700001500281856008800296 2006 eng d00aPhosphorus fractions in soils of Taylor Valley, Antarctica0 aPhosphorus fractions in soils of Taylor Valley Antarctica a806-8150 v701 aBlecker, S1 aIppolito, J1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aNorvell, K uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/phosphorus-fractions-soils-taylor-valley-antarctica00583nas a2200157 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128300001200197490000700209100002200216700002300238700002200261700002000283700001000303856011200313 2006 eng d00aSalt tolerance and survival thresholds for two species of Antarctic soil nematodes0 aSalt tolerance and survival thresholds for two species of Antarc a643-6510 v291 aNkem, Johnson, N.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aLi, G uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/salt-tolerance-and-survival-thresholds-two-species-antarctic-soil-nematodes00531nas a2200145 4500008004100000245007100041210006900112300001400181490000700195100002200202700002300224700002400247700002000271856009400291 2006 eng d00aSoil carbon turnover model for the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica0 aSoil carbon turnover model for the McMurdo Dry Valleys Antarctic a3065-30820 v381 aBarrett, John, E.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aParsons, Andrew, N.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/soil-carbon-turnover-model-mcmurdo-dry-valleys-antarctica00563nas a2200145 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133300001400202490000700216100002000223700001700243700002200260700002000282856011500302 2006 eng d00aA synthesis of soil biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in Victoria Land, Antarctica0 asynthesis of soil biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in Vict a3001-30020 v381 aWall, Diana, H.1 aAdams, Byron1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aHopkins, D., W. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/synthesis-soil-biodiversity-and-ecosystem-functioning-victoria-land-antarctica00812nas a2200265 4500008004100000245006500041210006400106300001400170490000700184100002200191700002200213700001500235700001600250700002000266700001900286700002300305700002000328700001600348700001600364700001600380700001600396700001700412700002400429856009300453 2006 eng d00aTerrestrial ecosystem processes of Victoria Land, Antarctica0 aTerrestrial ecosystem processes of Victoria Land Antarctica a3019-30340 v381 aBarrett, John, E.1 aNkem, Johnson, N.1 aSletten, R1 aSteltzer, H1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aWallenstein, M1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aHopkins, D., W.1 aAislabie, J1 aBargagli, R1 aBockheim, J1 aCampbell, I1 aLyons, Berry1 aMoorhead, Daryl, L. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/terrestrial-ecosystem-processes-victoria-land-antarctica02560nas a2200205 4500008004100000245008000041210006900121300001200190490000700202520193000209653001102139100002202150700002002172700002302192700002202215700001302237700001802250700001702268856006902285 2006 eng d00aWind dispersal of soil invertebrates in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica0 aWind dispersal of soil invertebrates in the McMurdo Dry Valleys  a346-3520 v293 a

Dispersal of soil organisms is crucial for their spatial distribution and adaptation to the prevailing conditions of the Antarctic Dry Valleys. This study investigated the possibility of wind dispersal of soil invertebrates within the dry valleys. Soil invertebrates were evaluated in (1) pockets of transported sediments to lake ice and glacier surfaces, (2) wind-transported dust particles in collection pans (Bundt pans) 100 cm above the soil surface, and (3) sediments transported closer to the surface (<50 cm) and collected in open top chambers (OTCs). Invertebrates were extracted and identified. Nematodes were identified to species and classified according to life stage and sex. Three species of nematodes were recovered and Scottnema lindsayae was the most dominant. There were more juveniles (∼71%) in the transported sediments than adults (29%). Tardigrades and rotifers were more abundant in sediments on lake and glacier surfaces while nematodes were more abundant in the dry sediment collections of Bundt pans and OTCs. The abundance of immobile (dead) nematodes in the Bundt pans and OTCs was three times greater than active (live) nematodes. Anhydrobiosis constitutes a survival mechanism that allows wind dispersal of nematodes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Our results show that soil invertebrates are dispersed by wind in the Dry Valleys and are viable in ice communities on lake surfaces and glaciers.

10aBiggie1 aNkem, Johnson, N.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aBroos, E1 aPorazinska, D1 aAdams, Byron uhttp://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00300-005-0061-x00497nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008100041210006900122260001200191300001200203490000700215100002000222856013300242 2005 eng d00aBiodiversity and ecosystem functioning in terrestrial habitats of Antarctica0 aBiodiversity and ecosystem functioning in terrestrial habitats o c07/2005 a523-5310 v171 aWall, Diana, H. uhttp://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FANS%2FANS17_04%2FS0954102005002944a.pdf&code=f0bfb3b7eb4345bde6bbfbf916a408e100884nas a2200265 4500008004100000245007800041210007000119300001100189490000700200653002500207100002100232700001900253700002700272700002700299700002400326700002100350700001700371700001300388700002400401700002400425700002400449700002300473700002000496856010200516 2005 eng d00aComment on ``El Niño suppresses Antarctic warming'' by N. Bertler et al.0 aComment on El Niño suppresses Antarctic warming by N Bertler et  aL077060 v3210aTropical meteorology1 aDoran, Peter, T.1 aClow, Gary, D.1 aFritsen, Christian, H.1 aMcKay, Christopher, P.1 aParsons, Andrew, N.1 aPriscu, John, C.1 aLyons, Berry1 aWalsh, J1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.1 aMoorhead, Daryl, L.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/comment-el-ni%C3%B1o-suppresses-antarctic-warming-n-bertler-et-al00612nas a2200169 4500008004100000245007600041210006900117260003100186300000900217100002000226700001500246700001700261700002600278700001800304700002000322856010000342 2005 eng d00aDeveloping new perspectives from advances in soil biodiversity research0 aDeveloping new perspectives from advances in soil biodiversity r bCambridge University Press a3-301 aWall, Diana, H.1 aFritter, A1 aPaul, E., A.1 aBardgett, Richard, D.1 aUsher, M., B.1 aHopkins, D., W. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/developing-new-perspectives-advances-soil-biodiversity-research00519nas a2200133 4500008004100000245008900041210006900130300001200199490000700211100001600218700002000234700002300254856010800277 2005 eng d00aDistribution and diversity of soil protozoa in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica0 aDistribution and diversity of soil protozoa in the McMurdo Dry V a756-7620 v281 aBamforth, S1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aVirginia, Ross, A. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/distribution-and-diversity-soil-protozoa-mcmurdo-dry-valleys-antarctica00711nas a2200205 4500008004100000245008900041210006900130300001200199490000700211100001700218700002400235700002000259700002000279700002300299700002400322700002100346700001400367700001500381856010900396 2005 eng d00aGroundwater seeps in Taylor Valley Antarctica: An example of a subsurface melt event0 aGroundwater seeps in Taylor Valley Antarctica An example of a su a200-2060 v401 aLyons, Berry1 aWelch, Kathleen, A.1 aCarey, Anne, E.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aDoran, Peter, T.1 aCsatho, B1 aTremper, C uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/groundwater-seeps-taylor-valley-antarctica-example-subsurface-melt-event00476nas a2200133 4500008004100000245006400041210006400105300001000169490000700179100002000186700002000206700002300226856009300249 2005 eng d00aInvertebrate diversity in Taylor Valley soils and sediments0 aInvertebrate diversity in Taylor Valley soils and sediments a13-160 v331 aTreonis, Amy, M1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aVirginia, Ross, A. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/invertebrate-diversity-taylor-valley-soils-and-sediments00875nas a2200361 4500008004100000245001800041210001800059260001700077300001200094100001900106700001500125700001500140700002300155700001300178700001300191700001900204700001500223700001400238700002000252700001500272700001400287700001700301700001800318700001900336700001400355700002200369700001400391700001500405700001500420700001600435700001200451856005000463 2005 eng d00aPolar Systems0 aPolar Systems bIsland Press a717-7431 aChapin, F., S.1 aMcGuire, A1 aNuttall, M1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aYoung, O1 aZimov, S1 aChristensen, T1 aGodduhn, A1 aMurphy, E1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aZockler, C1 aBerman, M1 aCallaghan, T1 aConvey, Peter1 aCrepin, A., S.1 aDanell, K1 aDucklow, Hugh, W.1 aForbes, B1 aKofinas, G1 aHassan, R.1 aScholes, R.1 aAsh, N. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/polar-systems02635nas a2200181 4500008004100000245007200041210006900113260001200182300001200194490000700206520208100213653001102294100002202305700002302327700002402350700002002374856005902394 2005 eng d00aPotential soil organic matter turnover in Taylor Valley, Antarctica0 aPotential soil organic matter turnover in Taylor Valley Antarcti c02/2005 a108-1170 v373 a

Antarctic Dry Valley ecosystems are among the most inhospitable soil ecosystems on earth with simple food webs and nearly undetectable fluxes of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Due to the lack of vascular plants, soil organic matter concentrations are extremely low, and it is unclear how much of the contemporary soil C budget is actively cycling or a legacy of paleolake production and sedimentation. While recent work indicates multiple sources of organic matter for dry valley soils, the composition and kinetics of organic pools remain poorly characterized. We examined soil organic matter pools and potential C and N turnover in soils from within six sites located across three hydrological basins of Taylor Valley, Antarctica that differed in surface age, microclimate and proximity to legacy (paleolake) sources of organic matter. We estimated potential C and N mineralization, and rate kinetics using gas exchange and repeated leaching techniques during 90-d incubations of surface soils collected from valley basin and valley slope positions in three basins of Taylor Valley. Soil organic C content was negatively correlated with the ages of underlying tills, supporting previous descriptions of legacy organic matter. Carbon and N mineralization generally followed 1st order kinetics and were well described by exponential models. Labile pools of C (90 d) were 10% of the total organic C in the upper 5 cm of the soil profile. Labile N was 50% of the total N in surface soils of Taylor Valley. These results show that a large proportion of soil C and particularly N are mineralizable under suitable conditions and suggest that a kinetically defined labile pool of organic matter is potentially active in the field during brief intervals of favorable microclimate. Climate variation changing the duration of these conditions may have potentially large effects on the small pools of C and N in these soils.

10aBiggie1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aParsons, Andrew, N.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttp://instaar.metapress.com/content/e653225425230175/00648nas a2200181 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128300001200197490000800209100002000217700001800237700002900255700001400284700002200298700001600320700002100336856010900357 2005 eng d00aSoils, freshwater and marine sediments: the need for integrative landscape science0 aSoils freshwater and marine sediments the need for integrative l a302-3070 v3041 aWall, Diana, H.1 aAyres, Edward1 aBehan-Pelletier, Valerie1 aCovich, A1 aSnelgrove, P.V.R.1 aBrowman, H.1 aStergiou, K., I. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/soils-freshwater-and-marine-sediments-need-integrative-landscape-science00655nas a2200169 4500008004100000245010600041210006900147300001000216490000700226100001800233700002400251700002200275700002000297700002300317700002000340856012500360 2004 eng d00aThe Biodiversity and Biogeochemistry of Cryoconite Holes from McMurdo Dry Valley Glaciers, Antarctica0 aBiodiversity and Biogeochemistry of Cryoconite Holes from McMurd a84-910 v361 aPorazinska, D1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aNylen, Thomas, H.1 aTranter, Martyn1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/biodiversity-and-biogeochemistry-cryoconite-holes-mcmurdo-dry-valley-glaciers-antarctica00811nas a2200301 4500008004100000245004900041210004700090300001200137490000600149100001300155700001300168700001900181700001700200700001200217700001200229700001200241700002300253700002000276700001400296700002300310700002500333700001200358700001500370700001500385700001400400700001600414856007900430 2004 eng d00aDetritus, trophic dynamics and biodiversity.0 aDetritus trophic dynamics and biodiversity a584-6000 v71 aMoore, J1 aMorin, P1 aNadelhoffer, K1 aRosemound, A1 aPost, D1 aSabo, J1 aScow, K1 aVanni, Michael, J.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aBerlow, E1 aColeman, David, C.1 aDe Ruiter, Peter, C.1 aDong, Q1 aHasting, A1 aJohnson, N1 aMcCann, K1 aMelville, K uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/detritus-trophic-dynamics-and-biodiversity00578nas a2200169 4500008004100000245006700041210006600108300001400174490000800188100001400196700002600210700001800236700001400254700002200268700002000290856009800310 2004 eng d00aEcological linkages between aboveground and belowground biota.0 aEcological linkages between aboveground and belowground biota a1629-16330 v3041 aWardle, D1 aBardgett, Richard, D.1 aKlironomos, J1 aSetala, H1 avan der Putten, W1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/ecological-linkages-between-aboveground-and-belowground-biota00626nas a2200145 4500008004100000245012200041210006900163260001700232100002000249700002600269700001400295700002200309700002000331856012900351 2004 eng d00aThe need for understanding how biodiversity and ecosystem functioning affect ecosystem services in soil and sediments0 aneed for understanding how biodiversity and ecosystem functionin bIsland Press1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aBardgett, Richard, D.1 aCovich, A1 aSnelgrove, P.V.R.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/need-understanding-how-biodiversity-and-ecosystem-functioning-affect-ecosystem-services-soil00504nas a2200145 4500008004100000245006100041210006100102300001200163490000600175100002400181700002200205700002000227700002300247856008800270 2004 eng d00aSoil carbon dioxide flux from Antarctic Dry Valley soils0 aSoil carbon dioxide flux from Antarctic Dry Valley soils a286-2950 v71 aParsons, Andrew, N.1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aVirginia, Ross, A. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/soil-carbon-dioxide-flux-antarctic-dry-valley-soils00424nam a2200097 4500008004100000245007400041210006900115100002000184700002000204856010200224 2004 eng d00aSustaining Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Soil and Sediments.0 aSustaining Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Soil and Sedim1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/sustaining-biodiversity-and-ecosystem-services-soil-and-sediments00681nas a2200205 4500008004100000245009300041210006900134300001200203490000600215100001600221700001700237700001500254700001500269700001300284700001200297700001400309700001300323700002000336856011900356 2004 eng d00aTrophic interactions in a changing world: modelling aboveground-belowground interactions0 aTrophic interactions in a changing world modelling abovegroundbe a515-5280 v51 aSchroter, D1 aBrussaard, L1 aDe Deyn, G1 aProveda, K1 aBrown, V1 aBerg, M1 aWardle, D1 aMoore, J1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/trophic-interactions-changing-world-modelling-aboveground-belowground-interactions00662nas a2200157 4500008004100000245014000041210006900181260001700250300001200267100002000279700002600299700001400325700002200339700002000361856012300381 2004 eng d00aUnderstanding the functions of biodiversity in soils and sediments will enhance global ecosystem sustainability and societal well-being0 aUnderstanding the functions of biodiversity in soils and sedimen bIsland Press a249-2541 aWall, Diana, H.1 aBardgett, Richard, D.1 aCovich, A1 aSnelgrove, P.V.R.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/understanding-functions-biodiversity-soils-and-sediments-will-enhance-global-ecosystem02593nas a2200181 4500008004100000245009500041210006900136300001400205490000700219520193100226100002202157700002302179700002002202700002402222700002202246700002402268856011902292 2004 eng d00aVariation in biogeochemistry and soil biodiversity across spatial scales in a polar desert0 aVariation in biogeochemistry and soil biodiversity across spatia a3105-31180 v853 a
Desert ecosystems are characterized by distinct spatial patterning in soil
biogeochemistry and biodiversity. In the Antarctic Dry Valleys, soil polygons are prominent
features of the landscape and may be key units for scaling local ecological information to
the greater region. We examined polygon soils in each of the three basins of Taylor Valley,
Antarctica. Our objectives were to characterize variability in soil biogeochemistry and
biodiversity at local to regional scales, and to test the influence of soil properties upon
invertebrate communities. We found that soil biogeochemical properties and biodiversity
vary over multiple spatial scales from fine (,10 m) to broad (.10 km) scales. Differences
in biogeochemistry were most pronounced at broad scales among the major lake basins of
Taylor Valley corresponding to differences in geology and microclimate, while variation
in invertebrate biodiversity and abundance occurred at landscape scales of 10–500 m, and
within individual soil polygons. Variation in biogeochemistry and invertebrate communities
across these scales reflects the influence of physical processes and landscape development
over ecosystem structure in the dry valleys. The development of soil polygons influences
the spatial patterning of soil properties such as soil organic matter, salinity, moisture, and
invertebrate habitat suitability. Nematode abundance and life history data indicate that
polygon interiors are more suitable habitats than soils in the troughs at the edges of polygons.
These data suggest that physical processes (i.e., polygon development) and biogeochemistry
are important influences on the spatial variability of biotic communities in dry valley soil
ecosystems.
1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aParsons, Andrew, N.1 aPowers, Laura, E.1 aBurkins, Melody, B. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/variation-biogeochemistry-and-soil-biodiversity-across-spatial-scales-polar-desert00957nas a2200301 4500008004100000020001800041245008800059210006900147260001700216300001200233100001400245700001600259700002900275700001400304700001700318700002600335700001800361700001500379700001500394700002200409700002100431700001700452700001800469700001700487700002000504700002000524856011100544 2004 eng d a1-55963-760-900aVulnerability to global change of ecosystem goods and services driven by soil biota0 aVulnerability to global change of ecosystem goods and services d bIsland Press a101-1361 aWardle, D1 aBrown, V.K.1 aBehan-Pelletier, Valerie1 aJohn, St.1 aWojtowicz, T1 aBardgett, Richard, D.1 aBrown, G., G.1 aIneson, P.1 aLavelle, P1 avan der Putten, W1 aAnderson, J., M.1 aBrussaard, L1 aHunt, William1 aPaul, E., A.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/vulnerability-global-change-ecosystem-goods-and-services-driven-soil-biota00584nas a2200181 4500008004100000245006300041210006000104300001000164100001500174700001600189700002000205700001300225700001600238700001800254700002500272700001400297856009100311 2003 eng d00aLong-term perspectives on biodiversity-ecosystem function.0 aLongterm perspectives on biodiversityecosystem function a89-981 aSymstad, A1 aIII, Chapin1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aGross, K1 aHuenneke, L1 aMittelbach, G1 aPeters, Debra, P. C.1 aTilman, D uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/long-term-perspectives-biodiversity-ecosystem-function00585nas a2200157 4500008004100000245008200041210006900123300001400192490000700206100002400213700002200237700002300259700002000282700001800302856010700320 2003 eng d00aOrganic matter and soil biota of upland wetlands in Taylor Valley, Antarctica0 aOrganic matter and soil biota of upland wetlands in Taylor Valle a1009-10190 v261 aMoorhead, Daryl, L.1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aPorazinska, D uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/organic-matter-and-soil-biota-upland-wetlands-taylor-valley-antarctica00890nas a2200277 4500008004100000245006500041210006500106260001200171300001200183490000800195653002100203100002100224700002100245700001700266700002000283700002400303700002400327700002400351700002300375700002000398700001900418700002700437700002700464700002400491856009700515 2002 eng d00aAntarctic climate cooling and terrestrial ecosystem response0 aAntarctic climate cooling and terrestrial ecosystem response c01/2002 a517-5200 v41510aClimate Response1 aDoran, Peter, T.1 aPriscu, John, C.1 aLyons, Berry1 aWalsh, John, E.1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.1 aMoorhead, Daryl, L.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aClow, Gary, D.1 aFritsen, Christian, H.1 aMcKay, Christopher, P.1 aParsons, Andrew, N. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/antarctic-climate-cooling-and-terrestrial-ecosystem-response00625nas a2200145 4500008004100000245013200041210006900173300001200242490000700254100002400261700002000285700002300305700002400328856012700352 2002 eng d00aDistribution and life cycle of Scottnema lindsayae (Nematoda) in Antarctic soils: A modeling analysis of tempaerature responses0 aDistribution and life cycle of Scottnema lindsayae Nematoda in A a118-1250 v251 aMoorhead, Daryl, L.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aParsons, Andrew, N. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/distribution-and-life-cycle-scottnema-lindsayae-nematoda-antarctic-soils-modeling-analysis00499nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128490000600197100002000203700002000223700002300243856011100266 2002 eng d00aField and microcosm studies of decomposition and soil biota in a cold dessert soil0 aField and microcosm studies of decomposition and soil biota in a0 v51 aTreonis, Amy, M1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aVirginia, Ross, A. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/field-and-microcosm-studies-decomposition-and-soil-biota-cold-dessert-soil00481nas a2200133 4500008004100000245006800041210006600109300001200175490000700187100001800194700002000212700002300232856009200255 2002 eng d00aInvertebrates in ornithogenic soils at Ross Island, Antarctica.0 aInvertebrates in ornithogenic soils at Ross Island Antarctica a569-5740 v251 aPorazinska, D1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aVirginia, Ross, A. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/invertebrates-ornithogenic-soils-ross-island-antarctica00452nas a2200121 4500008004100000245007700041210006900118300001000187490000600197100001200203700002000215856009500235 2002 eng d00aModeling the effects of loss of soil biodiversity on ecosystem function0 aModeling the effects of loss of soil biodiversity on ecosystem f a32-490 v81 aHunt, H1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/modeling-effects-loss-soil-biodiversity-ecosystem-function00578nas a2200133 4500008004100000245012500041210006900166300001200235490000700247100001800254700002000272700002300292856012900315 2002 eng d00aPopulation age structure of nematodes in the Antarctic Dry Valleys: perspectives on time, space, and habitat suitability0 aPopulation age structure of nematodes in the Antarctic Dry Valle a159-1680 v341 aPorazinska, D1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aVirginia, Ross, A. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/population-age-structure-nematodes-antarctic-dry-valleys-perspectives-time-space-and-habitat00772nas a2200253 4500008004100000245004700041210004700088300001200135490000800147100002000155700001900175700002700194700002700221700002400248700002100272700002100293700001700314700002400331700002400355700002400379700002300403700002000426856007200446 2002 eng d00aRecent Temperature Trends in the Antarctic0 aRecent Temperature Trends in the Antarctic a291-2920 v4181 aWalsh, John, E.1 aClow, Gary, D.1 aFritsen, Christian, H.1 aMcKay, Christopher, P.1 aParsons, Andrew, N.1 aDoran, Peter, T.1 aPriscu, John, C.1 aLyons, Berry1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aMcKnight, Diane, M.1 aMoorhead, Daryl, L.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/recent-temperature-trends-antarctic00760nas a2200229 4500008004100000245012700041210006900168260001200237300001000249490000700259653001100266100002500277700002200302700002100324700002400345700001700369700002400386700001800410700002300428700002000451856005900471 2002 eng d00aSnow patch influence on soil biogeochemical processes and invertebrate distribution in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica0 aSnow patch influence on soil biogeochemical processes and invert c02/2003 a91-990 v3510aBiggie1 aGooseff, Michael, N.1 aBarrett, John, E.1 aDoran, Peter, T.1 aFountain, Andrew, G1 aLyons, Berry1 aParsons, Andrew, N.1 aPorazinska, D1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttp://instaar.metapress.com/content/r086455ju7213711/00561nas a2200133 4500008004100000245011000041210006900151300001200220490000600232100002200238700002300260700002000283856012400303 2002 eng d00aTrends in resin and KCl-extractable soil nitrogen across landscape gradients in Taylor Valley, Antarctica0 aTrends in resin and KClextractable soil nitrogen across landscap a289-2990 v51 aBarrett, John, E.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/trends-resin-and-kcl-extractable-soil-nitrogen-across-landscape-gradients-taylor-valley00446nas a2200145 4500008004100000245005100041210005000092300001200142490000600154100001200160700002000172700001700192700001500209856007600224 2001 eng d00a519-529A model for nematode locomotion in soil0 a519529A model for nematode locomotion in soil a705-7160 v31 aHunt, H1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aDeCrappeo, N1 aBrenner, J uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/519-529a-model-nematode-locomotion-soil00448nas a2200145 4500008004100000245004600041210004600087260001900133300001200152490000600164100002300170700002000193700001400213856007500227 2001 eng d00aBasic Principles in ecosystem functioning0 aBasic Principles in ecosystem functioning bAcademic Press a345-3520 v21 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aLevin, S. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/basic-principles-ecosystem-functioning00607nas a2200133 4500008004100000245015900041210006900200300001200269490000600281100002000287700001700307700002200324856012700346 2001 eng d00aBiodiversity in critical transition zones between terrestrial freshwater and marine soils and sediments: processes, linkages, and management implications.0 aBiodiversity in critical transition zones between terrestrial fr a418-4200 v41 aWall, Diana, H.1 aPalmer, M.A.1 aSnelgrove, P.V.R. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/biodiversity-critical-transition-zones-between-terrestrial-freshwater-and-marine-soils-and00571nas a2200133 4500008004100000245012300041210006900164300000900233490000700242100001800249700002000267700002300287856012700310 2001 eng d00aDetermining habitat suitability for soil invertebrates in an extreme environment: The McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica.0 aDetermining habitat suitability for soil invertebrates in an ext a9-170 v131 aCourtright, E1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aVirginia, Ross, A. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/determining-habitat-suitability-soil-invertebrates-extreme-environment-mcmurdo-dry-valleys00756nas a2200193 4500008004100000245013700041210006900178490000600247100002600253700002100279700002900300700001700329700002300346700001300369700001600382700001500398700002000413856012900433 2001 eng d00aThe influence of soil biodiversity on hydrological pathways and the transfer of materials between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems0 ainfluence of soil biodiversity on hydrological pathways and the 0 v41 aBardgett, Richard, D.1 aAnderson, J., M.1 aBehan-Pelletier, Valerie1 aBrussaard, L1 aColeman, David, C.1 aEttma, C1 aMoldenke, A1 aSchimel, J1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/influence-soil-biodiversity-hydrological-pathways-and-transfer-materials-between-terrestrial00556nas a2200133 4500008004100000245010600041210006900147300001200216490000600228100002400234700002300258700002000281856012100301 2001 eng d00aOrganic carbon cycling in Taylor Valley, Antarctica: Quantifying soil reservoirs and soil respiration0 aOrganic carbon cycling in Taylor Valley Antarctica Quantifying s a113-1250 v71 aBurkins, Melody, B.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/organic-carbon-cycling-taylor-valley-antarctica-quantifying-soil-reservoirs-and-soil00477nas a2200169 4500008004100000245002200041210002200063260003000085300001000115100002000125700002000145700002400165700001900189700002200208700002300230856005400253 2001 eng d00aSoil Biodiversity0 aSoil Biodiversity aNew YorkbSpringer Verlag a47-821 aWall, Diana, H.1 aAdams, Gina, A.1 aParsons, Andrew, N.1 aChapin, F., S.1 aSala, Osvaldo, E.1 aHuber-Sannwald, E. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/soil-biodiversity00532nas a2200121 4500008004100000245011300041210006900154300001400223490000700237100002000244700002000264856012600284 2000 eng d00aBiodiversity above and below the surface of soils and sediments: linkages and implications for global change0 aBiodiversity above and below the surface of soils and sediments  a1043-10480 v501 aAdams, Gina, A.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/biodiversity-above-and-below-surface-soils-and-sediments-linkages-and-implications-global00870nas a2200325 4500008004100000245005200041210005200093300001400145490000800159100002200167700001400189700001500203700001300218700001400231700001800245700001200263700001300275700001400288700001500302700002000317700001900337700001500356700001400371700001800385700001300403700002100416700001600437700001500453856007600468 2000 eng d00aGlobal biodiversity scenarios for the year 21000 aGlobal biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100 a1770-17740 v2871 aSala, Osvaldo, E.1 aKinzig, A1 aLeemans, R1 aLodge, D1 aMooney, H1 aOesterheld, M1 aPoff, N1 aSykes, M1 aWalker, B1 aWalkder, M1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aChapin, F., S.1 aArmesto, J1 aBerlow, E1 aBloomfield, J1 aDirzo, R1 aHuber-Sanwald, E1 aHuenneke, L1 aJackson, R uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/global-biodiversity-scenarios-year-210001013nas a2200313 4500008004100000245014800041210006900189300001400258490000700272100001500279700001400294700001700308700002200325700001300347700001400360700001400374700002200388700001400410700001600424700001400440700001500454700002300469700001500492700002200507700001600529700001700545700002000562856011700582 2000 eng d00aGlobal change effects on above and below ground biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems: interactions and implications for ecosystem functioning0 aGlobal change effects on above and below ground biodiversity in  a1089-10990 v501 aWolters, V1 aWardle, D1 aBrussaard, L1 aDangerfield, Mark1 aBrown, V1 aGiller, K1 aHooper, D1 aSala, Osvaldo, E.1 aTiedje, J1 avan Veen, J1 aSilver, W1 aBignell, D1 aColeman, David, C.1 aLavelle, P1 avan der Putten, W1 aDeRuiter, P1 aRusek, Josef1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/global-change-effects-above-and-below-ground-biodiversity-terrestrial-ecosystems00932nas a2200289 4500008004100000245012200041210006900163300001400232490000700246100001400253700001500267700002200282700001600304700001700320700001400337700001400351700001500365700001500380700001300395700001700408700002200425700002000447700001400467700002300481700001400504856012400518 2000 eng d00aInteractions between above and belowground biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems: patterns, mechanisms and feedbacks0 aInteractions between above and belowground biodiversity in terre a1049-10610 v501 aHooper, D1 aLavelle, P1 avan der Putten, W1 aDeRuiter, P1 aRusek, Josef1 aSilver, W1 aTiedje, J1 aWolters, V1 aBignell, D1 aBrown, V1 aBrussaard, L1 aDangerfield, Mark1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aWardle, D1 aColeman, David, C.1 aGiller, K uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/interactions-between-above-and-belowground-biodiversity-terrestrial-ecosystems-patterns00388nas a2200133 4500008004100000245003300041210002900074260003100103300000800134100002000142700002400162700001400186856005400200 2000 eng d00aThe Lions of the Dry Valleys0 aLions of the Dry Valleys bLonely Planet Publications a3131 aWall, Diana, H.1 aParsons, Andrew, N.1 aRubin, J. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/lions-dry-valleys00610nas a2200157 4500008004100000245005700041210005500098260011100153300001200264100001800276700001400294700002000308700002000328700002100348856008300369 2000 eng d00aNematodes - Pervading The Earth and Linking All Life0 aNematodes Pervading The Earth and Linking All Life bCommittee for the Second Forum on Biodiversity, National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council a176-1911 aBaldwin, J.G.1 aNadler, S1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aWilliams, Tania1 aRaven, Peter, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/nematodes-pervading-earth-and-linking-all-life00624nas a2200169 4500008004100000245009900041210006900140300001200209490000800221100001800229700002000247700002300267700001200290700001400302700001400316856012400330 2000 eng d00aNuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence diversity in the Antarctic nematode Scottnema lindsayae0 aNuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence diversity in the Antarcti a143-1530 v3221 aCourtright, E1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aVida, J1 aFrisse, L1 aThomas, W uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/nuclear-and-mitochondrial-dna-sequence-diversity-antarctic-nematode-scottnema-lindsayae00594nas a2200157 4500008004100000245009500041210006900136300001400205490000700219653001100226100002400237700002300261700002200284700002000306856011000326 2000 eng d00aThe Origin of Soil Organic Matter in Taylor Valley, Antarctica: A Legacy of Climate Change0 aOrigin of Soil Organic Matter in Taylor Valley Antarctica A Lega a2377-23910 v8110alegacy1 aBurkins, Melody, B.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aChamberlain, Page1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/origin-soil-organic-matter-taylor-valley-antarctica-legacy-climate-change00594nas a2200193 4500008004100000245004800041210004800089260002500137300001200162100002000174700001600194700001500210700001600225700001600241700001900257700002000276700002400296856008000320 2000 eng d00aSoil Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning0 aSoil Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning aHeidelbergbSpringer a283-2901 aWall, Diana, H.1 aLynch, J.M.1 aBalazs, E.1 aGalante, E.1 aLynch, J.M.1 aSchepers, J.S.1 aToutant, Werner1 aWerry, P.A., Th. 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eng d00aBiodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning0 aBiodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning a107-1081 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/biodiversity-and-ecosystem-functioning00459nas a2200121 4500008004100000245007100041210006900112300001200181490000700193100002000200700002300220856009400243 1999 eng d00aControls on soil biodiversity: insight s from extreme environments0 aControls on soil biodiversity insight s from extreme environment a137-1500 v131 aWall, Diana, H.1 aVirginia, Ross, A. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/controls-soil-biodiversity-insight-s-extreme-environments00485nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008200041210006900123300001200192490000700204100002000211700002000231856011200251 1999 eng d00aInteractions underground: soil biodiversity, mutalism and ecosystem processes0 aInteractions underground soil biodiversity mutalism and ecosyste a109-1190 v491 aWall, Diana, H.1 aMoore, John, C. 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aColeman, David, C.1 aBlair, J.M.1 aElliot, E1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aRobertson, G.P.1 aBledsoe, C.S.1 aColeman, David, C.1 aSollins, P. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/soil-invertebrates00546nas a2200133 4500008004100000245007600041210006900117260003900186100002000225700002300245700002000268700002100288856010300309 1999 eng d00aThe world beneath our feet: Soil biodiversity and ecosystem functioning0 aworld beneath our feet Soil biodiversity and ecosystem functioni bNational Academy of Sciences Press1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aVirginia, Ross, A.1 aWilliams, Tania1 aRaven, Peter, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/world-beneath-our-feet-soil-biodiversity-and-ecosystem-functioning00555nas a2200121 4500008004100000245011700041210006900158260003000227490001000257100002000267700002000287856012600307 1996 eng d00aAlgal investigations at varying temporal scales in an extreme environment: McMurdo Dry Valley lakes, Antarctica0 aAlgal investigations at varying temporal scales in an extreme en bColorado State University0 vPh.D.1 aSpaulding, S.A.1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/algal-investigations-varying-temporal-scales-extreme-environment-mcmurdo-dry-valley-lakes00529nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008600041210006900127260004800196490000900244100002600253700002000279856010800299 1996 eng d00aSoil nematode distribution and genetic diversity in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica0 aSoil nematode distribution and genetic diversity in the Dry Vall aFort Collins, CObColorado State University0 vM.S.1 aCourtright, Ericha, M1 aWall, Diana, H. uhttps://mcm.lternet.edu/content/soil-nematode-distribution-and-genetic-diversity-dry-valleys-antarctica