01795nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245009300055210006900148260001200217520099200229653002501221653001901246653002401265100002101289700002901310700002201339700001701361700001701378856019401395       2023                        eng d  a0260-305500aChange at 85 degrees south: Shackleton Glacier region proglacial lakes from 1960 to 20200 aChange at 85 degrees south Shackleton Glacier region proglacial   c05/20233 a<p>Over the last two decades, anomalous warming events have been observed in coastal Antarctic regions. While these events have been documented in the Ross Sea sector, the Antarctic interior is believed to have been buffered from warming. In this work, we present data from lakes located near Mt. Heekin and Thanksgiving Valley (~85&deg; S) along the Shackleton Glacier, which are believed to be the southern-most Antarctic dry valley lakes. In 2018, the lakes were characterized, repeat satellite images were examined, and lake water chemistry was measured. Our analysis shows that lake areas recently increased, and the water-soluble ion chemistry indicates a flushing of salts from periglacial soils, likely from increased glacial melt as illustrated by water isotope data. Our results show that high southern latitude ice-free areas have likely been affected by warm pulses over the past 60 years and these pulses may be quasi-synchronous throughout the Transantarctic Mountains.</p>10aAntarctic glaciology10aclimate change10ameltwater chemistry1 aDiaz, Melisa, A.1 aGardner, Christopher, B.1 aElliot, David, H.1 aAdams, Byron1 aLyons, Berry  uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/annals-of-glaciology/article/change-at-85-degrees-south-shackleton-glacier-region-proglacial-lakes-from-1960-to-2020/565D96AD7AE72BD22C49CCB772867AC402136nas a2200205   4500008004100000245007300041210007100114260001200185520148400197653001901681653001901700653002301719653001701742653002601759653002301785653002001808100002701828700001701855856005801872       2022                        eng d00aCommunity assembly in the wake of glacial retreat: A meta‐analysis0 aCommunity assembly in the wake of glacial retreat A meta‐analysi  c09/20223 a<p>Antarctic biodiversity faces an unknown future with a changing climate. Most terrestrial biota is restricted to limited patches of ice-free land in a sea of ice, where they are adapted to the continent&#39;s extreme cold and wind and exploit microhabitats of suitable conditions. As temperatures rise, ice-free areas are predicted to expand, more rapidly in some areas than others. There is high uncertainty as to how species&#39; distributions, physiology, abundance, and survivorship will be affected as their habitats transform. Here we use current knowledge to propose hypotheses that ice-free area expansion (i) will increase habitat availability, though the quality of habitat will vary; (ii) will increase structural connectivity, although not necessarily increase opportunities for species establishment; (iii) combined with milder climates will increase likelihood of non-native species establishment, but may also lengthen activity windows for all species; and (iv) will benefit some species and not others, possibly resulting in increased homogeneity of biodiversity. We anticipate considerable spatial, temporal, and taxonomic variation in species responses, and a heightened need for interdisciplinary research to understand the factors associated with ecosystem resilience under future scenarios. Such research will help identify at-risk species or vulnerable localities and is crucial for informing environmental management and policymaking into the future.</p>10achronosequence10aclimate change10acommunity assembly10adeglaciation10aecological succession10aglacial forefields10asoil ecosystems1 aPothula, Satyendra, K.1 aAdams, Byron  uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.1642702944nas a2200301   4500008004100000022001400041245009600055210007100151260001200222490000700234520204100241653001702282653001902299653002002318653001402338653002302352653002302375100002602398700001702424700002102441700002402462700002602486700001702512700001702529700001802546700002002564856005802584       2022                        eng d  a1354-101300aResponse of Antarctic soil fauna to climate‐driven changes since the Last Glacial Maximum0 aResponse of Antarctic soil fauna to climate‐driven changes since  c01/20220 v283 a<p>Understanding how terrestrial biotic communities have responded to glacial recession since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) can inform present and future responses of biota to climate change. In Antarctica, the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM) have experienced massive environmental changes associated with glacial retreat since the LGM, yet we have few clues as to how its soil invertebrate-dominated animal communities have responded. Here, we surveyed soil invertebrate fauna from above and below proposed LGM elevations along transects located at 12 features across the Shackleton Glacier region. Our transects captured gradients of surface ages possibly up to 4.5 million years and the soils have been free from human disturbance for their entire history. Our data support the hypothesis that soils exposed during the LGM are now less suitable habitats for invertebrates than those that have been exposed by deglaciation following the LGM. Our results show that faunal abundance, community composition, and diversity were all strongly affected by climate-driven changes since the LGM. Soils more recently exposed by glacial recession (as indicated by distances from present ice surfaces) had higher faunal abundances and species richness than older exposed soils. Higher abundances of the dominant nematode <i>Scottnema</i> were found in older exposed soils, while <i>Eudorylaimus</i>, <i>Plectus</i>, tardigrades, and rotifers preferentially occurred in more recently exposed soils. Approximately 30% of the soils from which invertebrates could be extracted had only <i>Scottnema</i>, and these single-taxon communities occurred more frequently in soils exposed for longer periods of time. Our structural equation modeling of abiotic drivers highlighted soil salinity as a key mediator of <i>Scottnema</i> responses to soil exposure age. These changes in soil habitat suitability and biotic communities since the LGM indicate that Antarctic terrestrial biodiversity throughout the TAM will be highly altered by climate warming.</p>10abiodiversity10aclimate change10aglacial retreat10anematodes10aShackleton Glacier10asoil invertebrates1 aFranco, André, L. C.1 aAdams, Byron1 aDiaz, Melisa, A.1 aLemoine, Nathan, P.1 aDragone, Nicholas, B.1 aFierer, Noah1 aLyons, Berry1 aHogg, Ian, D.1 aWall, Diana, H.  uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.1594002303nas a2200265   4500008004100000245012500041210006900166260001200235520144100247653001901688653002001707653002001727653001901747653002901766100002301795700001801818700001801836700002501854700001901879700001701898700001701915700002001932700002401952856006101976       2020                        eng d00aGenetic diversity of soil invertebrates corroborates timing estimates for past collapses of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet0 aGenetic diversity of soil invertebrates corroborates timing esti  c08/20203 a<p>During austral summer field seasons between 1999 and 2018, we sampled at 91 locations throughout southern Victoria Land and along the Transantarctic Mountains for six species of endemic microarthropods (Collembola), covering a latitudinal range from 76.0&deg;S to 87.3&deg;S. We assembled individual mitochondrial cyto-chrome <em>c</em> oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences (<em>n</em> = 866) and found high levels of sequence divergence at both small (&lt;10 km) and large (&gt;600 km) spatial scales for four of the six Collembola species. We applied molecular clock estimates and assessed genetic divergences relative to the timing of past glacial cycles, including collapses of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). We found that genetically distinct lineages within three species have likely been isolated for at least 5.54 My to 3.52 My, while the other three species diverged more recently (&lt;2 My). We suggest that Collembola had greater dispersal opportunities under past warmer climates, via flotation along coastal margins. Similarly increased opportunities for dispersal may occur under contemporary climate warming scenarios, which could influence the genetic structure of extant populations. As Collembola are a living record of past landscape evolution within Antarctica, these findings provide biological evidence to support geological and glaciological estimates of historical WAIS dynamics over the last ca. 5 My.</p>10aclimate change10amicroarthropods10amolecular clock10aphylogeography10aterrestrial biodiversity1 aCollins, Gemma, E.1 aHogg, Ian, D.1 aConvey, Peter1 aSancho, Leopoldo, G.1 aCowan, Don, A.1 aLyons, Berry1 aAdams, Byron1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aGreen, T., G. Allan  uhttps://www.pnas.org/content/early/2020/08/19/2007925117