<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khan, Alia L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McMeeking, Gavin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schwarz, Joshua P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xian, Peng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kathleen A. Welch</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">W. Berry Lyons</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diane M. McKnight</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Near-surface refractory black carbon observations in the atmosphere and snow in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica and potential impacts of foehn winds</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">01/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2017JD027696</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">123</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2877 - 2887</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Measurements of light absorbing particles in the boundary layer of the high southern latitudes are scarce, particularly in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV),&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;&quot;&gt;Antarctica. During the 2013 - 2014 austral summer near-surface boundary layer refractory black carbon (rBC) aerosols were measured in air by a single particle soot photometer (SP2) at multiple locations in the MDV. Near-continuous rBC atmospheric measurements were collected at Lake Hoare Camp (LH) over two months and for several hours at more remote locations away from established field camps. We investigated periods dominated by both up and down-valley winds to explore the causes of differences in rBC concentrations and size distributions. Snow samples were also collected in a 1m pit on a glacier near the camp. The range of concentrations rBC in snow were 0.3 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;&quot;&gt;&amp;ndash; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;&quot;&gt;1.2 &amp;plusmn; 0.3 μg-rBC/L-H&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; vertical-align: -1pt;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;&quot;&gt;O, and total organic carbon were 0.3 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;&quot;&gt;&amp;ndash; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;&quot;&gt;1.4 &amp;plusmn; 0.3 mg/L. The rBC concentrations measured in this snow pit are not sufficient to reduce surface albedo, however, there is potential for accumulation of rBC on snow and ice surfaces at low elevation throughout the MDV which were not measured as part of this study. At LH, the average background rBC mass aerosol concentrations was 1.3 ng/m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; vertical-align: 5pt;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;&quot;&gt;. rBC aerosol mass concentrations were slightly lower, 0.09 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;&quot;&gt;&amp;ndash; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;&quot;&gt;1.3 ng/m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; vertical-align: 5pt;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;&quot;&gt;, at the most remote sites in the MDV. Concentration spikes as high as 200 ng/m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; vertical-align: 5pt;&quot;&gt;3 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;&quot;&gt;were observed at LH, associated with local activities. During a foehn wind event, the average rBC mass concentration increased to 30-50 ng m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; vertical-align: 5pt;&quot;&gt;-3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;&quot;&gt;. Here we show the rBC increase could be due to resuspension of locally produced BC from generators, rocket toilets, and helicopters, which may remain on the soil surface until redistributed during high wind events. Quantification of local production and long-range atmospheric transport of rBC to the MDV is necessary for understanding the impacts of this species on regional climate.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue></record></records></xml>