<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hudson, Amy R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Debra P. C. Peters</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J.M. Blair</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Childers, Daniel L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter T. Doran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geil, Kerrie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael N. Gooseff</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gross, Katherine L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haddad, Nick M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pastore, Melissa A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rudgers, Jennifer A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Osvaldo E. Sala</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seabloom, Eric W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shaver, Gaius</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross-site comparisons of dryland ecosystem response to climate change in the US Long-Term Ecological Research Network</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BioScience</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANPP</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disturbance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">drought</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wildfire</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/advance-article/doi/10.1093/biosci/biab134/6654840</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Long-term observations and experiments in diverse drylands reveal how ecosystems and services are responding to climate change. To develop generalities about climate change impacts at dryland sites, we compared broadscale patterns in climate and synthesized primary production responses among the eight terrestrial, nonforested sites of the United States Long-Term Ecological Research (US LTER) Network located in temperate (Southwest and Midwest) and polar (Arctic and Antarctic) regions. All sites experienced warming in recent decades, whereas drought varied regionally with multidecadal phases. Multiple years of wet or dry conditions had larger effects than single years on primary production. Droughts, floods, and wildfires altered resource availability and restructured plant communities, with greater impacts on primary production than warming alone. During severe regional droughts, air pollution from wildfire and dust events peaked. Studies at US LTER drylands over more than 40 years demonstrate reciprocal links and feedbacks among dryland ecosystems, climate-driven disturbance events, and climate change.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iwaniec, David M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael N. Gooseff</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suding, Katharine N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnson, David Samuel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reed, Daniel C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Debra P. C. Peters</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Byron Adams</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John E. Barrett</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bestelmeyer, Brandon T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castorani, Max C. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cook, Elizabeth M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davidson, Melissa J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Groffman, Peter M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hanan, Niall P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huenneke, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnson, Pieter T. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diane M. McKnight</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miller, Robert J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Okin, Gregory S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Preston, Daniel L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rassweiler, Andrew</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ray, Chris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Osvaldo E. Sala</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schooley, Robert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seastedt, Timothy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spasojevic, Marko J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vivoni, Enrique R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Connectivity: Insights from the U.S. Long Term Ecological Research Network</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosphere</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alpine tundra</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antarctic polar desert</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">arid grassland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">arid shrubland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">coastal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">estuary</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">salt marsh</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Special Feature: Forecasting Earth’s Ecosystems with Long-Term Ecological Research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">urban ecosystem</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">05/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecs2.3432</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e03432</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Ecosystems across the United States are changing in complex and surprising ways. Ongoing demand for critical ecosystem services requires an understanding of the populations and communities in these ecosystems in the future. This paper represents a synthesis effort of the U.S. National Science Foundation-funded Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) network addressing the core research area of &amp;ldquo;populations and communities.&amp;rdquo; The objective of this effort was to show the importance of long-term data collection and experiments for addressing the hardest questions in scientific ecology that have significant implications for environmental policy and management. Each LTER site developed at least one compelling case study about what their site could look like in 50&amp;ndash;100 yr as human and environmental drivers influencing specific ecosystems change. As the case studies were prepared, five themes emerged, and the studies were grouped into papers in this LTER Futures Special Feature addressing state change, connectivity, resilience, time lags, and cascading effects. This paper addresses the &amp;ldquo;connectivity&amp;rdquo; theme and has examples from the Phoenix (urban), Niwot Ridge (alpine tundra), McMurdo Dry Valleys (polar desert), Plum Island (coastal), Santa Barbara Coastal (coastal), and Jornada (arid grassland and shrubland) sites. Connectivity has multiple dimensions, ranging from multi-scalar interactions in space to complex interactions over time that govern the transport of materials and the distribution and movement of organisms. The case studies presented here range widely, showing how land-use legacies interact with climate to alter the structure and function of arid ecosystems and flows of resources and organisms in Antarctic polar desert, alpine, urban, and coastal marine ecosystems. Long-term ecological research demonstrates that connectivity can, in some circumstances, sustain valuable ecosystem functions, such as the persistence of foundation species and their associated biodiversity or, it can be an agent of state change, as when it increases wind and water erosion. Increased connectivity due to warming can also lead to species range expansions or contractions and the introduction of undesirable species. Continued long-term studies are essential for addressing the complexities of connectivity. The diversity of ecosystems within the LTER network is a strong platform for these studies.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sylvain, Zachary A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diana H. Wall</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cherwin, Karie L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Debra P. C. Peters</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reichmann, Lara G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Osvaldo E. Sala</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil animal responses to moisture availability are largely scale, not ecosystem dependent: insight from a cross-site study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global Change Biology</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glob Change Biol</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/gcb.2014.20.issue-8http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/gcb.12522</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2631 - 2643</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Geneva, Verdana, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;Climate change will result in reduced soil water availability in much of the world either due to changes in precipitation or increased temperature and evapotranspiration. How communities of mites and nematodes may respond to changes in moisture availability is not well known, yet these organisms play important roles in decomposition and nutrient cycling processes. We determined how communities of these organisms respond to changes in moisture availability and whether common patterns occur along fine-scale gradients of soil moisture within four individual ecosystem types (mesic, xeric and arid grasslands and a polar desert) located in the western United States and Antarctica, as well as across a cross-ecosystem moisture gradient (CEMG) of all four ecosystems considered together. An elevation transect of three sampling plots was monitored within each ecosystem and soil samples were collected from these plots and from existing experimental precipitation manipulations within each ecosystem once in fall of 2009 and three times each in 2010 and 2011. Mites and nematodes were sorted to trophic groups and analyzed to determine community responses to changes in soil moisture availability. We found that while both mites and nematodes increased with available soil moisture across the CEMG, within individual ecosystems, increases in soil moisture resulted in decreases to nematode communities at all but the arid grassland ecosystem; mites showed no responses at any ecosystem. In addition, we found changes in proportional abundances of mite and nematode trophic groups as soil moisture increased within individual ecosystems, which may result in shifts within soil food webs with important consequences for ecosystem functioning. We suggest that communities of soil animals at local scales may respond predictably to changes in moisture availability regardless of ecosystem type but that additional factors, such as climate variability, vegetation composition, and soil properties may influence this relationship over larger scales.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2631</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diana H. Wall</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gina A. Adams</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrew N. Parsons</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">F. S. Chapin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Osvaldo E. Sala</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E. Huber-Sannwald</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil Biodiversity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global Biodiversity in a Changing Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer Verlag</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47-82</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER49555</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diana W. Freckman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reichman, O</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Osvaldo E. Sala</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jackson, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mooney, H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">R. Howarth</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Experimental Approaches to Investigate Belowground Animal Diversity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methods in Ecosystem Science</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer Verlag</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">318-329</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER49544</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Osvaldo E. Sala</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kinzig, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leemans, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lodge, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mooney, H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oesterheld, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poff, N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sykes, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Walker, B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Walkder, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diana H. Wall</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">F. S. Chapin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Armesto, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berlow, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bloomfield, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dirzo, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huber-Sanwald, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huenneke, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jackson, R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">287</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1770-1774</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wolters, V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wardle, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brussaard, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Mark Dangerfield</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brown, V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giller, K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hooper, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Osvaldo E. Sala</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tiedje, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Veen, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silver, W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bignell, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David C.  Coleman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lavelle, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van der Putten, W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DeRuiter, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Josef Rusek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diana H. Wall</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global change effects on above and below ground biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems: interactions and implications for ecosystem functioning</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioscience</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1089-1099</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record></records></xml>