<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gutt, Julian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isla, Enrique</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xavier, José C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adams, Byron J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahn, In‐Young</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cheng, C.‐H. Christina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Colesie, Claudia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cummings, Vonda J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">di Prisco, Guido</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Griffiths, Huw J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ian Hawes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hogg, Ian D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McIntyre, Trevor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meiners, Klaus M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pearce, David A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lloyd S. Peck</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piepenburg, Dieter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reisinger, Ryan R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saba, Grace</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schloss, Irene R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Signori, Camila N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smith, Craig R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vacchi, Marino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Verde, Cinzia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diana H. Wall</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antarctic ecosystems in transition – life between stresses and opportunities</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Reviews</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">adaptation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">benthic dynamism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biogeochemical cycles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">invasion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">new habitats</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ocean acidification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primary production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">range shifts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sea ice</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">06/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/brv.12679</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Important findings from the second decade of the 21st century on the impact of environmental change on biological processes in the Antarctic were synthesised by 26 international experts. Ten key messages emerged that have stakeholder‐relevance and/or a high impact for the scientific community. They address (i) altered biogeochemical cycles, (ii) ocean acidification, (iii) climate change hotspots, (iv) unexpected dynamism in seabed‐dwelling populations, (v) spatial range shifts, (vi) adaptation and thermal resilience, (vii) sea ice related biological fluctuations, (viii) pollution, (ix) endangered terrestrial endemism and (x) the discovery of unknown habitats. Most Antarctic biotas are exposed to multiple stresses and considered vulnerable to environmental change due to narrow tolerance ranges, rapid change, projected circumpolar impacts, low potential for timely genetic adaptation, and migration barriers. Important ecosystem functions, such as primary production and energy transfer between trophic levels, have already changed, and biodiversity patterns have shifted. A confidence assessment of the degree of &amp;lsquo;scientific understanding&amp;rsquo; revealed an intermediate level for most of the more detailed sub‐messages, indicating that process‐oriented research has been successful in the past decade. Additional efforts are necessary, however, to achieve the level of robustness in scientific knowledge that is required to inform protection measures of the unique Antarctic terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and their contributions to global biodiversity and ecosystem services.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sumner, Dawn Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ian Hawes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mackey, Tyler J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jungblut, Anne D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter T. Doran</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antarctic microbial mats: A modern analog for Archean lacustrine oxygen oases</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geology</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geology</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://geology.gsapubs.org/lookup/doi/10.1130/G36966.1</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">G36966.1</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;div class=&quot;page&quot; title=&quot;Page 1&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;section&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;layoutArea&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;column&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700&quot;&gt;The evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis was the most important geochemical event in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700&quot;&gt;Earth history, causing the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) ~2.4 b.y. ago. However, evidence is mixed as to whether O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: -3.000000pt&quot;&gt;2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700&quot;&gt;production occurred locally as much as 2.8 b.y. ago, creating O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: -3.000000pt&quot;&gt;2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700&quot;&gt;oases, or initiated just prior to the GOE. The biogeochemical dynamics of possible O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: -3.000000pt&quot;&gt;2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700&quot;&gt;oases have been poorly constrained due to the absence of modern analogs. However, cyanobacteria in microbial mats in a perennially anoxic region of Lake Fryxell, Antarctica, create a 1&amp;ndash;2 mm O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: -3.000000pt&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700&quot;&gt;-containing layer in the upper mat during summer, providing the first known modern analog for formation of benthic O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: -3.000000pt&quot;&gt;2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700&quot;&gt;oases. In Lake Fryxell, benthic cyanobacteria are present below the oxycline in the lake. Mat photosynthesis rates were slow due to low photon flux rate (1&amp;ndash;2 μmol m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Symbol'; vertical-align: 3.000000pt&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: 3.000000pt&quot;&gt;2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Symbol'; vertical-align: 3.000000pt&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: 3.000000pt&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700&quot;&gt;) under thick ice cover, but photosynthetic O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: -3.000000pt&quot;&gt;2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700&quot;&gt;production was sufficient to sustain up to 50 μmol O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: -3.000000pt&quot;&gt;2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700&quot;&gt;L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Symbol'; vertical-align: 3.000000pt&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: 3.000000pt&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700&quot;&gt;, sandwiched between anoxic overlying water and anoxic sedi- ments. We hypothesize that Archean cyanobacteria could have similarly created O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: -3.000000pt&quot;&gt;2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700&quot;&gt;oases in benthic mats prior to the GOE. Analogous mats may have been at least partly responsible for geological evidence of oxidative weathering prior to the GOE, and habitats such as Lake Fryxell provide natural laboratories where the impact of benthic O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 5.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: -3.000000pt&quot;&gt;2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-weight: 700&quot;&gt;oases on biogeochemical signatures can be investigated.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ian Hawes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schwartz, A-M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Absorption and utilization of low irradiance by cyanobacterial mats in two ice-covered Antarctic lakes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Phycology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-15</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER49839</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kepner, R.L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robert A. Wharton Jr.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galchenko, V</style></author></authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">W. Berry Lyons</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clive Howard-Williams</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ian Hawes</style></author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The abundance of planktonic virus-like particles in Antarctic lakes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystem Processes in Antarctic Ice-free Landscapes</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Balkema Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rotterdam</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">241-250</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER12864</style></accession-num></record></records></xml>