<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gutterman, William S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter T. Doran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ross A. Virginia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John E. Barrett</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Myers, Krista F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tulaczyk, Slawek M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foley, Neil T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jill A. Mikucki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hilary A. Dugan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grombacher, Denys</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bording, Thue S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Auken, E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Causes and characteristics of electrical resistivity variability in shallow (&lt;4 m) soils in Taylor Valley, East Antarctica</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JGR Earth Surface</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">active layer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">airborne electromagnetic surveys</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McMurdo Dry Valleys</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">permafrost dynamics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022JF006696</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">128</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e2022JF006696</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Airborne electromagnetic surveys collected in December 2011 and November 2018 and three soil sampling transects were used to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of shallow (&amp;lt;4 m) soil properties in lower Taylor Valley (TV), East Antarctica. Soil resistivities from 2011 to 2018 ranged from &amp;sim;33 Ωm to &amp;sim;3,500 Ωm with 200 Ωm assigned as an upper boundary for brine-saturated sediments. Elevations below &amp;sim;50 m above sea level (masl) typically exhibit the lowest resistivities with resistivity increasing at high elevations on steeper slopes. Soil water content was empirically estimated from electrical resistivities using Archie&amp;#39;s Law and range from &amp;sim;&amp;lt;1% to &amp;sim;68% by volume. An increase in silt- and clay-sized particles at low elevations increases soil porosity but decreases hydraulic conductivity, promoting greater residence times of soil water at low elevations near Lake Fryxell. Soil resistivity variability between 2011 and 2018 shows soils at different stages of soil freeze-thaw cycles, which are caused predominantly by solar warming of soils as opposed to air temperature. This study furthers the understanding of the hydrogeologic structure of the shallow subsurface in TV and identifies locations of soils that are potentially prone to greater rates of thaw and resulting ecosystem homogenization of soil properties from projected increases in hydrological connectivity across the region over the coming decades.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">O’Brien, Kristin M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crockett, Elizabeth L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Byron Adams</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amsler, Charles D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appiah-Madson, Hannah J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Collins, Allen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desvignes, Thomas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Detrich, H. William</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Distel, Daniel L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eppley, Sarah M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frable, Benjamin W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franz, Nico M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grim, Jeffrey M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kocot, Kevin M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mahon, Andrew R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mayfield-Meyer, Teresa J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jill A. Mikucki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moser, William E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schmull, Michaela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seid, Charlotte A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smith, Craig R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Todgham, Anne E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Watkins-Colwell, Gregory J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The time is right for an Antarctic biorepository network</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2212800119</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Antarctica is a central driver of the Earth&amp;rsquo;s climate and health. The Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica serves as a major sink for anthropogenic CO2 and heat, and the loss of Antarctic ice sheets contributes significantly to sea level rise and will continue to do so as the loss of ice sheets accelerates, with sufficient water stores to raise sea levels by 58 m. Antarctica&amp;#39;s marine environment is home to a number of iconic species, and the terrestrial realm harbors a remarkable oasis for life, much of which has yet to be discovered. Distinctive oceanographic features of the Southern Ocean&amp;mdash;including the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the Antarctic Polar Front, and exceptional depths surrounding the continent&amp;mdash;coupled with chronically cold temperatures have fostered the evolution of a vast number of uniquely coldadapted species, many of which are found nowhere else on the Earth. The Antarctic marine biota, for example, displays the highest level of species endemism on the Earth. However, warming, ocean acidification, pollution, and commercial exploitation threaten the integrity of Antarctic ecosystems. Understanding changes in the biota and its capacities for adaptation is imperative for establishing effective policies for mitigating the impacts of climate change and sustaining the Antarctic ecosystems that are vital to global health.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Myers, Krista F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter T. Doran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tulaczyk, Slawek M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foley, Neil T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bording, Thue S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Auken, Esben</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hilary A. Dugan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jill A. Mikucki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foged, Nikolaj</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grombacher, Denys</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ross A. Virginia</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thermal legacy of a large paleolake in Taylor Valley, East Antarctica, as evidenced by an airborne electromagnetic survey</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Cryosphere</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Cryosphere</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/3577/2021/</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3577 - 3593</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Previous studies of the lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys have attempted to constrain lake level history, and results suggest the lakes have undergone hundreds of meters of lake level change within the last 20 000 years. Past studies have utilized the interpretation of geologic deposits, lake chemistry, and ice sheet history to deduce lake level history; however a substantial amount of disagreement remains between the findings, indicating a need for further investigation using new techniques. This study utilizes a regional airborne resistivity survey to provide novel insight into the paleohydrology of the region. Mean resistivity maps revealed an extensive brine beneath the Lake Fryxell basin, which is interpreted as a legacy groundwater signal from higher lake levels in the past. Resistivity data suggest that active permafrost formation has been ongoing since the onset of lake drainage and that as recently as 1500&amp;ndash;4000 years BP, lake levels were over 60 m higher than present. This coincides with a warmer-than-modern paleoclimate throughout the Holocene inferred by the nearby Taylor Dome ice core record. Our results indicate Mid to Late Holocene lake level high stands, which runs counter to previous research finding a colder and drier era with little hydrologic activity throughout the last 5000 years.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">W. Berry Lyons</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jill A. Mikucki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">German, Laura A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kathleen A. Welch</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sue Welch</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christopher B. Gardner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tulaczyk, Slawek M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pettit, Erin C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kowalski, Julia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dachwald, Bernd</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Geochemistry of Englacial Brine From Taylor Glacier, Antarctica</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018JG004411</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">124</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Blood Falls is a hypersaline, iron‐rich discharge at the terminus of the Taylor Glacier in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. In November 2014, brine in a conduit within the glacier was penetrated and sampled using clean‐entry techniques and a thermoelectric melting probe called the IceMole. We analyzed the englacial brine sample for filterable iron (fFe), total Fe, major cations and anions, nutrients, organic carbon, and perchlorate. In addition, aliquots were analyzed for minor and trace elements and isotopes including δD and δ&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O of water, δ&lt;sup&gt;34&lt;/sup&gt;S and δ&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O of sulfate, &lt;sup&gt;234&lt;/sup&gt;U, &lt;sup&gt;238&lt;/sup&gt;U, δ&lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt;B, &lt;sup&gt;87&lt;/sup&gt;Sr/&lt;sup&gt;86&lt;/sup&gt;Sr, and δ&lt;sup&gt;81&lt;/sup&gt;Br. These measurements were made in order to (1) determine the source and geochemical evolution of the brine and (2) compare the chemistry of the brine to that of nearby hypersaline lake waters and previous supraglacially sampled collections of Blood Falls outflow that were interpreted as end‐member brines. The englacial brine had higher Cl&amp;minus; concentrations than the Blood Falls end‐member outflow; however, other constituents were similar. The isotope data indicate that the water in the brine is derived from glacier melt. The H&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;SiO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations and U and Sr isotope suggest a high degree of chemical weathering products. The brine has a low N:P ratio of ~7.2 with most of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the form of NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations are similar to end‐member outflow values. Our results provide strong evidence that the original source of solutes in the brine was ancient seawater, which has been modified with the addition of chemical weathering products.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trista J. Vick-Majors</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mitchell, Andrew</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Achberger, Amanda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brent C. Christner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John E. Dore</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alexander B. Michaud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jill A. Mikucki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Purcell, Alicia M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skidmore, Mark L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John C. Priscu</style></author></authors><translated-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The WISSARD Science Team</style></author></translated-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physiological Ecology of Microorganisms in Subglacial Lake Whillans</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frontiers in Microbiology</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Front. Microbiol.</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mar-10-2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01705/fullhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01705/full</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jill A. Mikucki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Auken, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tulaczyk, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ross A. Virginia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schamper, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sørensen, K. I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter T. Doran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hilary A. Dugan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foley, N.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deep groundwater and potential subsurface habitats beneath an Antarctic dry valley</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature Communications</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nat Comms</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apr-04-2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ncomms7831</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6831</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The occurrence of groundwater in Antarctica, particularly in the ice-free regions and along the coastal margins is poorly understood. Here we use an airborne transient electromagnetic (AEM) sensor to produce extensive imagery of resistivity beneath Taylor Valley. Regional-scale zones of low subsurface resistivity were detected that are inconsistent with the high resistivity of glacier ice or dry permafrost in this region. We interpret these results as an indication that liquid, with sufficiently high solute content, exists at temperatures well below freezing and considered within the range suitable for microbial life. These inferred brines are widespread within permafrost and extend below glaciers and lakes. One system emanates from below Taylor Glacier into Lake Bonney and a second system connects the ocean with the eastern 18 km of the valley. A connection between these two basins was not detected to the depth limitation of the AEM survey (~350 m).</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter T. Doran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kenig, Fabien</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lawson Knoepfle</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jill A. Mikucki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">W. Berry Lyons</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Radiocarbon abundance and reservoir effects in lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Limnology and Oceanography</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">05/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">811-826</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">811</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter T. Doran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">W. Berry Lyons</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diane M. McKnight</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diane M. McKnight</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael N. Gooseff</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cristina D. Takacs-Vesbach</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jill A. Mikucki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martyn Tranter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sun, Henry J</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Life in Antarctic Deserts and Other Cold Environments</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Astrobiological Analogs</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Planetary Science</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9780511712258</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cambridge University Press.</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cambridge</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">307</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9780511712258</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jill A. Mikucki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">W. Berry Lyons</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ian Hawes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brian D. Lanoil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter T. Doran</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saline lakes and ponds in the McMurdo Dry Valleys: ecological analogs to martian paleolake environments</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Life in Antarctic Deserts and other Cold Dry Environments</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://ebooks.cambridge.org/chapter.jsf?bid=CBO9780511712258&amp;cid=CBO9780511712258A013</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cambridge University Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cambridge</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">160 - 194</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9780521889193</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jill A. Mikucki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pearson, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnston, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Turchyn, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farquhar, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schrag, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anbar, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John C. Priscu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lee, P</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Contemporary Microbially Maintained Subglacial Ferrous &quot;Ocean&quot;</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biggie</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencemag.org/content/324/5925/397.short</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">324</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">397-400</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 'Lucida Grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);&quot;&gt;An active microbial assemblage cycles sulfur in a sulfate-rich, ancient marine brine beneath Taylor Glacier, an outlet glacier of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, with Fe(III) serving as the terminal electron acceptor. Isotopic measurements of sulfate, water, carbonate, and ferrous iron and functional gene analyses of adenosine 5&amp;prime;-phosphosulfate reductase imply that a microbial consortium facilitates a catalytic sulfur cycle. These metabolic pathways result from a limited organic carbon supply because of the absence of contemporary photosynthesis, yielding a subglacial ferrous brine that is anoxic but not sulfidic. 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