<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trout‐Haney, Jessica V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heindel, Ruth C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ross A. Virginia</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Picocyanobacterial cells in near‐surface air above terrestrial and freshwater substrates in Greenland and Antarctica</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Microbiology Reports</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1758-2229.12832</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Bioaerosols are an important component of the total atmospheric aerosol load, with implications for human health, climate feedbacks, and the distribution and dispersal of microbial taxa. Bioaerosols are sourced from marine, freshwater, and terrestrial surfaces, with different mechanisms potentially responsible for releasing biological particles from these substrates. Little is known about the production of freshwater and terrestrial bioaerosols in polar regions. We used portable collection devices to test for the presence of picocyanobacterial aerosols above freshwater and soil substrates in the southwestern Greenland tundra and the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. We show that picocyanobacterial cells are present in the near‐surface air at concentrations ranging from 2,431 to 28,355 cells m^&amp;minus;3 of air, with no significant differences among substrates or between polar regions. Our concentrations are lower than those measured using the same methods in temperate ecosystems. We suggest that aerosolization is an important process linking terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in these polar environments, and that future work is needed to explore aerosolization mechanisms and taxon‐specific aerosolization rates. Our study is a first step toward understanding the production of bioaerosols in extreme environments dominated by microbial life.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post, Eric</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alley, Richard B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christensen, Torben R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macias-Fauria, Marc</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forbes, Bruce C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael N. Gooseff</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iler, Amy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kerby, Jeffrey T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laidre, Kristin L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mann, Michael E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olofsson, Johan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stroeve, Julienne C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ulmer, Fran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ross A. Virginia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, Muyin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The polar regions in a 2°C warmer world</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science Advances</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sci. Adv.</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://advances.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aaw9883</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eaaw9883</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Over the past decade, the Arctic has warmed by 0.75&amp;deg;C, far outpacing the global average, while Antarctic tem- peratures have remained comparatively stable. As Earth approaches 2&amp;deg;C warming, the Arctic and Antarctic may reach 4&amp;deg;C and 2&amp;deg;C mean annual warming, and 7&amp;deg;C and 3&amp;deg;C winter warming, respectively. Expected consequences of increased Arctic warming include ongoing loss of land and sea ice, threats to wildlife and traditional human livelihoods, increased methane emissions, and extreme weather at lower latitudes. With low biodiversity, Antarctic ecosystems may be vulnerable to state shifts and species invasions. Land ice loss in both regions will contribute substantially to global sea level rise, with up to 3 m rise possible if certain thresholds are crossed. Mitigation efforts can slow or reduce warming, but without them northern high latitude warming may accelerate in the next two to four decades. International cooperation will be crucial to foreseeing and adapting to expected changes.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John E. Barrett</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ross A. Virginia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diana H. Wall</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Persistent effects of a discrete climate event   on a polar desert ecosystem</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global Change Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climate Response</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nematodes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">06/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2249-2261</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal</style></work-type></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foley, K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">W. Berry Lyons</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John E. Barrett</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ross A. Virginia</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedogenic carbonate distribution within glacial till in Taylor Valley, Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paleoenvironmental Record and Applications of Calcretes and Palustrine Carbonates</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geological Society of America</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">89-103</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blecker, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ippolito, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John E. Barrett</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diana H. Wall</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ross A. Virginia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Norvell, K</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phosphorus fractions in soils of Taylor Valley, Antarctica</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil Science Society of America Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">70</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">806-815</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">F. S. Chapin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McGuire, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nuttall, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ross A. Virginia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young, O</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zimov, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christensen, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Godduhn, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murphy, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diana H. Wall</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zockler, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berman, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Callaghan, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Convey</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A. S. Crepin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Danell, K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hugh W. Ducklow</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forbes, B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kofinas, G</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">R. Hassan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">R. Scholes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">N. Ash</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polar Systems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Current State and Trends: Findings of the Condition and Trends Working Group</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Island Press</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">717-743</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John E. Barrett</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ross A. Virginia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrew N. Parsons</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diana H. Wall</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Potential soil organic matter turnover in Taylor Valley, Antarctica</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biggie</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://instaar.metapress.com/content/e653225425230175/</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">108-117</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 'Helvetica Neu', Helvetica, 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;Antarctic Dry Valley ecosystems are among the most inhospitable soil ecosystems on earth with simple food webs and nearly undetectable fluxes of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Due to the lack of vascular plants, soil organic matter concentrations are extremely low, and it is unclear how much of the contemporary soil C budget is actively cycling or a legacy of paleolake production and sedimentation. While recent work indicates multiple sources of organic matter for dry valley soils, the composition and kinetics of organic pools remain poorly characterized. We examined soil organic matter pools and potential C and N turnover in soils from within six sites located across three hydrological basins of Taylor Valley, Antarctica that differed in surface age, microclimate and proximity to legacy (paleolake) sources of organic matter. We estimated potential C and N mineralization, and rate kinetics using gas exchange and repeated leaching techniques during 90-d incubations of surface soils collected from valley basin and valley slope positions in three basins of Taylor Valley. Soil organic C content was negatively correlated with the ages of underlying tills, supporting previous descriptions of legacy organic matter. Carbon and N mineralization generally followed 1st order kinetics and were well described by exponential models. Labile pools of C (90 d) were 10% of the total organic C in the upper 5 cm of the soil profile. Labile N was 50% of the total N in surface soils of Taylor Valley. These results show that a large proportion of soil C and particularly N are mineralizable under suitable conditions and suggest that a kinetically defined labile pool of organic matter is potentially active in the field during brief intervals of favorable microclimate. Climate variation changing the duration of these conditions may have potentially large effects on the small pools of C and N in these soils.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER63389</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porazinska, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diana H. Wall</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ross A. Virginia</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Population age structure of nematodes in the Antarctic Dry Valleys: perspectives on time, space, and habitat suitability</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arctic,Antarctic, and Alpine Research</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">34</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">159-168</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER49843</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrew G Fountain</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">W. Berry Lyons</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melody B. Burkins</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gayle L. Dana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter T. Doran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karen J. Lewis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diane M. McKnight</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daryl L. Moorhead</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrew N. Parsons</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John C. Priscu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diana H. Wall</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robert A. Wharton Jr.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ross A. Virginia</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physical controls on the Taylor Valley Ecosystem, Antarctica</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BioScience</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water availability</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12/1999</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">961-972</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER12832</style></accession-num></record></records></xml>