uid=MCM,o=EDI,dc=edirepository,dc=org all public read lakedsc W. Berry Lyons

275 Mendenhall Lab Columbus OH 43210 US

(614) 688-3241 lyons.142@osu.edu http://research.bpcrc.osu.edu/EnvironmentalGeochemistry/ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3143-7251 John Priscu jpriscu@montana.edu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5807-6364 McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER http://mcmlter.org/ 2014-11-09 English

Detailed physical descriptions of lakes found in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Lake Fryxell basin is formed by a moraine depression in a wider portion of the Taylor Valley. It has a number of moraine islands and shallower areas, as well as several relatively well developed deltas. The lake is fed by at least 10 meltwater streams with a total drainage catchment of 230 km2. The lake is dammed to the southwest by the Canada Glacier and is topographically closed. It is perennially ice covered; during summer months, an ice-free moat generally forms around much of the lake margin. Lake levels have risen ~2 m between 1971 and 1996. There are no surface outflows; the only known water loss is through ice ablation (evaporation, sublimation and physical scouring). Lake elevation: 18 m. Maximum depth: 20 m. Lake Hoare occupies a narrower portion of the Taylor Valley, dammed by the Canada Glacier. It would drain almost completely without this dam. There are a number of islands which may be related to an old terminal of Canada Glacier. The lake is fed primarily from direct runoff from the glacier, as well as meltwater streams. (Lake level rose ~1.5 m between 1972 and 1996). There are no surface outflows; the only known water loss is through ice ablation (evaporation, sublimation and physical scouring). Lake elevation: 73 m. Maximum depth: 34 m. Lake Vanda is located in the Wright Valley, adjacent to the Taylor Valley. It is fed primarily by the Onyx River, which has its origin at Lake Brownworth, and ultimately at the Lower Wright Glacier located ~27 km east of the lake. The lake has no outflow. Lake elevation: 143 m. Maximum depth: 75 m. Pony Lake on Ross Island is located on Cape Royds. It is a shallow pond ~120 m long, 70 m wide, and 1-2 m deep. Huts built by Shakleton's expedition of 1908 face the southern end of the pond. The eastern shore of Pony Lake is adjacent to a penguin rookery and the pond has high nutrient concentrations. High levels of Na, Cl, and SO4 are probably due to the marine influence. The water is well mixed by strong winds that prevail at the cape. Don Quixote Pond (informal name) is located south of Lake Vanda in the Wright Valley.

area elevation ice lake latitude limnology location longitude thickness volume Station Keywords lakes LTER Controlled Vocabulary

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https://mcm.lternet.edu/content/lake-descriptions The Lake Fryxell basin is formed by a moraine depression in a wider portion of the Taylor Valley. It has a number of moraine islands and shallower areas, as well as several relatively well developed deltas. The lake is fed by at least 10 meltwater streams with a total drainage catchment of 230 km2. The lake is dammed to the southwest by the Canada Glacier and is topographically closed. It is perennially ice covered; during summer months, an ice-free moat generally forms around much of the lake margin. Lake levels have risen ~2 m between 1971 and 1996. There are no surface outflows; the only known water loss is through ice ablation (evaporation, sublimation and physical scouring). Valley: Taylor Distance to Sea : 9 Maximum Length (km): 5.8 Maximum Width (km): 2.1 Maximum Depth (m): 20 Surface Area (km^2): 7.08 Ice Thickness Average Surface (m): 3.3 - 4.5 Volume (m^3 * 10^6): 25.2 163.048782348633 163.259582519531 -77.597076416016 -77.622711181641 18 18 meter Lake Hoare occupies a narrower portion of the Taylor Valley, dammed by the Canada Glacier. It would drain almost completely without this dam. There are a number of islands which may be related to an old terminal of Canada Glacier. The lake is fed primarily from direct runoff from the glacier, as well as meltwater streams. (Lake level rose ~1.5 m between 1972 and 1996). There are no surface outflows; the only known water loss is through ice ablation (evaporation, sublimation and physical scouring). Valley: Taylor Distance to Sea : 15 Maximum Length (km): 4.2 Maximum Width (km): 1 Maximum Depth (m): 34 Surface Area (km^2): 1.94 Ice Thickness Average Surface (m): 3.1 - 5.5 Volume (m^3 * 10^6): 17.5 162.784423828125 162.935836791992 -77.623085021973 -77.639259338379 73 73 meter Pony Lake on Ross Island is located on Cape Royds. It is a shallow pond ~120 m long, 70 m wide, and 1-2 m deep. Huts built by Shakleton's expedition of 1908 face the southern end of the pond. The eastern shore of Pony Lake is adjacent to a penguin rookery and the pond has high nutrient concentrations. High levels of Na, Cl, and SO4 are probably due to the marine influence. The water is well mixed by strong winds that prevail at the cape. Distance to Sea : 0.1 Maximum Length (km): 0.12 Maximum Width (km): 0.07 166.182998657227 166.182998657227 -77.544403076172 -77.544403076172 Lake Miers lies in the Miers Valley. Valley: Miers Distance to Sea : 20 Maximum Length (km): 1.5 Maximum Width (km): 0.7 Maximum Depth (m): 21 Surface Area (km^2): 1.3 Ice Thickness Average Surface (m): 3.4 - 6 Volume (m^3 * 10^6): 2.9 163.812332153320 163.886840820313 -78.094047546387 -78.101478576660 240 240 meter Lake Vanda is located in the Wright Valley, adjacent to the Taylor Valley. It is fed primarily by the Onyx River, which has its origin at Lake Brownworth, and ultimately at the Lower Wright Glacier located ~27 km east of the lake. The lake has no outflow. Valley: Wright Distance to Sea : 47 Maximum Length (km): 8 Maximum Width (km): 2 Maximum Depth (m): 75 Surface Area (km^2): 5.2 Ice Thickness Average Surface (m): 2.8 - 4.2 Volume (m^3 * 10^6): 160 161.391906738281 161.691970825195 -77.518882751465 -77.542304992676 143 143 meter Lake Vida is a hypersaline lake in Victoria Valley, the northernmost of the large McMurdo Dry Valleys, on the continent of Antarctica. It is isolated under year-round ice cover, and is considerably more saline than seawater. Lake Vida is one of the largest lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valley region and is a closed-basin endorheic lake. The permanent surface ice on the lake is the thickest non-glacial ice on earth, reaching a depth of at least 21 metres or 69 ft. The ice at depth is saturated with brine that is seven times as saline as seawater. The high salinity allows the brine to remain liquid at an average yearly water temperature of 13 degrees Celsius or 9 farenheit. Hydrology: Lake Vida has at least three named inflows: Victoria River, Kite Stream, and Dune Creek. Victoria River passes through the Vida Basin into Victoria Valley, Victoria Land as ephemeral glacial meltwater from the Upper Victoria Glacier, draining from Victoria Upper Lake. Geology: In the vicinity of Lake Vida, a variety of geological features are noted, the most significant being glaciers, lakes, valleys, ridges, and summits. There are approximately 25 named glaciers within a 25 kilometres radius with the nearest being Upper Victoria Glacier, Packard Glacier, Clark Glacier, and Clio Glacier. Valley: Victoria 161.930999755859 161.930999755859 -77.388298034668 -77.388298034668 349 349 meter Lake Joyce lies in the Pearse Valley against the Taylor Glacier. Valley: Pearse Distance to Sea : 44 Maximum Length (km): 1 Maximum Width (km): 1 Maximum Depth (m): 35 Surface Area (km^2): 0.83 Ice Thickness Average Surface (m): 3.9 - 5.6 Volume (m^3 * 10^6): 4.9 161.608886718750 161.662445068359 -77.715972900391 -77.726486206055 301 301 meter Lake Garwood is located in the Garwood Valley, adjacent to McMurdo Sound on the east side. It is fed by the Garwood River, which contains meltwater from Garwood Glacier, as well as Joyce Glacier, which melts into Lake Colleen, which in turn flows into the Garwood River. Valley: Garwood Distance to Sea : 0.01 164.276672363281 164.310836791992 -78.030540466309 -78.034614562988 10 10 meter Lake House is a lake in the extreme west end of Pearse Valley, north of Friis Hills in Victoria Land, Antarctica. Valley: Pearse 161.414993286133 161.414993286133 -77.703102111816 -77.703102111816 300 300 meter Lake Chad is in the Lake Hoare basin, Taylor Valley, west of Lake Hoare and east of the Suess Glacier. Wharton, House and McKay streams flow from the Suess Glacier directly into Lake Chad and then the overflow from Lake Chad flows into Lake Hoare. Valley: Taylor Distance to Sea : 24 Maximum Length (km): 1 Maximum Width (km): 0.2 Maximum Depth (m): 5.5 Surface Area (km^2): 0.15 Ice Thickness Average Surface (m): 3.5 - 4.5 162.745544433594 162.785705566406 -77.640029907227 -77.644386291504 This channel connects the east and west lobes of Lake Bonney. Valley: Taylor Maximum Width (km): 0.05 Maximum Depth (m): 13 162.354003906250 162.354003906250 -77.715599060059 -77.715599060059 57 57 meter Narrows between Lake Chad and Lake Hoare is a short spillway approximately 5m long between Lake Chad and Lake Hoare. Wharton, House and McKay streams flow into Lake Chad from the Suess Glacier. The overflow from Lake Chad then flows into the west end of Lake Hoare. There are many microbial mats in this area between the Hoare and Chad moats and around the spillway. Valley: Taylor Distance to Sea : 24 Maximum Length (km): 0.005 162.774902343750 162.793258666992 -77.639038085938 -77.641983032227 1993-11-01 2016-05-31 McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER http://mcmlter.org/ McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER

lakedsc Definitions of columns, parameters, units used for the lake descriptions spreadsheet. lakedsc.csv 9167 1 0 \n column , " https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/lakedsc.csv Lake Lake Name of the lake string Name of the lake lake code lake code The lake code, used to ID the location in other datasets string The lake code, used to ID the location in other datasets Valley Valley Valley in which the lake is located string Valley in which the lake is located Latitude Latitude Latitude Degrees Minutes Seconds string Latitude Degrees Minutes Seconds Longitude Longitude Latitude Degrees Minutes Seconds string Latitude Degrees Minutes Seconds Distance to the Sea (km) Distance to the Sea (km) Distance kilometer real Required entry None given Elevation (m) Elevation (m) elevation meter real Required entry None given Maximum Length (km) Maximum Length (km) Length kilometer real Required entry None given Maximum Width (km) Maximum Width (km) Width kilometer real Required entry None given Maximum Depth (m) Maximum Depth (m) Maximum Depth meter real Required entry None given Surface Area (km^2) Surface Area (km^2) Area squareKilometers real Required entry None given Average Ice Thickness (m) Average Ice Thickness (m) ice thickness, an average or a range string ice thickness, an average or a range Volume(x 10^6 m^3) Volume(x 10^6 m^3) volume cubicm*10^6 real Required entry None given Description Description Description of the lake string Description of the lake