uid=MCM,o=EDI,dc=edirepository,dc=org all public read PAR_PROFILE Cristina Takacs-Vesbach cvesbach@unm.edu http://www.wildmicrobiome.org https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-2201 John Priscu jpriscu@montana.edu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5807-6364 McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER http://mcmlter.org/ Jade Lawrence jlawrence1@unm.edu https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2603-342X field technician Renée Brown rfbrown@unm.edu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4986-7663 data manager Amy Chiuchiolo

LRES, 334 Leon Johnson Hall Bozeman MT 59717 US

(406) 994-2360 (406) 994-5863 achiuchiolo@montana.edu former field crew Inigo San Gil

Department of Biology, MSC03 2020 University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131 US

(505) 277-2625 (505) 277-2541 isangil@lternet.edu former data manager 2025-03-31 English

As part of the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, lakes are monitored for photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) levels. This data set exemplifies the vertical profile of underwater PAR profiles in perennial ice covered lakes and ambient PAR measured at the air-ice interface. Profile data can be used to calculate extinction coefficients for the water column and ice layer.

Antarctica lake light limnology PAR photosynthetic active radiation photosynthetically active radiation radiation Station Keywords primary production LTER Core Areas

This data package is released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which allows consumers (hereinafter referred to as “Data Users”) to freely reuse, redistribute, transform, or build on this work (even commercially) so long as appropriate credit is provided. Accordingly, Data Users are required to properly cite this data package in any publications or in the metadata of any derived products that result from its use (in whole or in part). A recommended citation is provided on the summary metadata page associated with this data package in the McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER Data Catalog (https://mcmlter.org/data), and a generic citation may be found on the summary metadata page in the repository where this data package was obtained. When these data contribute significantly to the contents of a publication, Data Users must also acknowledge that data were provided by the NSF-supported McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research program (OPP-2224760). This data package has been released in the spirit of open scientific collaboration. Hence, Data Users are strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration, and/or co-authorship (as appropriate) with the data package creator(s). Data Users should be aware these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research; thus, coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. Data Users should also recognize that misinterpretation of data may occur if they are used outside the context of the original study. Hence, Data Users are urged to contact the data package creator(s) if they have any questions regarding methodology or results. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of this data package (with all its components), complete accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Periodic updates to this data package may occur, and it is the responsibility of Data Users to check for new versions. This data package is made available “as is” and comes with no warranty of accuracy or fitness for use. The creator(s) of this data package and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for any damages resulting from misinterpretation, use, or misuse of these data. Finally, as a professional courtesy, we kindly request Data Users notify the primary contact referenced in the metadata when these data are used in the production of any derivative work or publication. Notification should include an explanation of how the data were used, along with a digital copy of the derived product(s). Thank you.

https://mcm.lternet.edu/content/underwater-photosynthetically-active-radiation-par-vertical-profiles-collected-lakes-mcmurdo Lake Bonney is a saline lake with permanent ice cover at the western end of Taylor Valley in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Victoria Land, Antarctica. It is 7 kilometres or 4.3 mi long and up to 900 metres or 3,000 ft wide. A narrow channel only 50 metres or 160 ft wide. Lake Bonney at Narrows separates the lake into East Lake Bonney 3.32 square kilometres or 1.28 sq mi and West Lake Bonney, 0.99 square kilometres or 0.38 sq mi. The west lobe is flanked by Taylor glacier. Valley: Taylor Distance to Sea : 25 Maximum Length (km): 4.8 Maximum Width (km): 0.9 Maximum Depth (m): 37 Surface Area (km^2): 3.32 Ice Thickness Average Surface (m): 3 - 4.5 Volume (m^3 * 10^6): 54.7 162.353210449219 162.536209106445 -77.697700500488 -77.724441528320 57 57 meter Lake Bonney is a saline lake with permanent ice cover at the western end of Taylor Valley in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Victoria Land, Antarctica. It is 7 kilometres or 4.3 mi long and up to 900 metres or 3,000 ft wide. A narrow channel only 50 metres or 160 ft wide. Lake Bonney at Narrows separates the lake into East Lake Bonney 3.32 square kilometres or 1.28 sq mi and West Lake Bonney, 0.99 square kilometres or 0.38 sq mi. Valley: Taylor Distance to Sea : 28 Maximum Length (km): 2.6 Maximum Width (km): 0.9 Maximum Depth (m): 40 Surface Area (km^2): 0.99 Ice Thickness Average Surface (m): 2.8-4.5 Volume (m^3 * 10^6): 10.1 162.269104003906 162.354934692383 -77.714805603027 -77.727287292480 57 57 meter The Lake Fryxell basin is formed by a moraine depression in a wider portion of the Taylor Valley. It has a number of moraine islands and shallower areas, as well as several relatively well developed deltas. The lake is fed by at least 10 meltwater streams with a total drainage catchment of 230 km2. The lake is dammed to the southwest by the Canada Glacier and is topographically closed. It is perennially ice covered; during summer months, an ice-free moat generally forms around much of the lake margin. Lake levels have risen ~2 m between 1971 and 1996. There are no surface outflows; the only known water loss is through ice ablation (evaporation, sublimation and physical scouring). Valley: Taylor Distance to Sea : 9 Maximum Length (km): 5.8 Maximum Width (km): 2.1 Maximum Depth (m): 20 Surface Area (km^2): 7.08 Ice Thickness Average Surface (m): 3.3 - 4.5 Volume (m^3 * 10^6): 25.2 163.048782348633 163.259582519531 -77.597076416016 -77.622711181641 18 18 meter Lake Hoare occupies a narrower portion of the Taylor Valley, dammed by the Canada Glacier. It would drain almost completely without this dam. There are a number of islands which may be related to an old terminal of Canada Glacier. The lake is fed primarily from direct runoff from the glacier, as well as meltwater streams. (Lake level rose ~1.5 m between 1972 and 1996). There are no surface outflows; the only known water loss is through ice ablation (evaporation, sublimation and physical scouring). Valley: Taylor Distance to Sea : 15 Maximum Length (km): 4.2 Maximum Width (km): 1 Maximum Depth (m): 34 Surface Area (km^2): 1.94 Ice Thickness Average Surface (m): 3.1 - 5.5 Volume (m^3 * 10^6): 17.5 162.784423828125 162.935836791992 -77.623085021973 -77.639259338379 73 73 meter Lake Joyce lies in the Pearse Valley against the Taylor Glacier. Valley: Pearse Distance to Sea : 44 Maximum Length (km): 1 Maximum Width (km): 1 Maximum Depth (m): 35 Surface Area (km^2): 0.83 Ice Thickness Average Surface (m): 3.9 - 5.6 Volume (m^3 * 10^6): 4.9 161.608886718750 161.662445068359 -77.715972900391 -77.726486206055 301 301 meter Lake Miers lies in the Miers Valley. Valley: Miers Distance to Sea : 20 Maximum Length (km): 1.5 Maximum Width (km): 0.7 Maximum Depth (m): 21 Surface Area (km^2): 1.3 Ice Thickness Average Surface (m): 3.4 - 6 Volume (m^3 * 10^6): 2.9 163.812332153320 163.886840820313 -78.094047546387 -78.101478576660 240 240 meter Lake Vanda is located in the Wright Valley, adjacent to the Taylor Valley. It is fed primarily by the Onyx River, which has its origin at Lake Brownworth, and ultimately at the Lower Wright Glacier located ~27 km east of the lake. The lake has no outflow. Valley: Wright Distance to Sea : 47 Maximum Length (km): 8 Maximum Width (km): 2 Maximum Depth (m): 75 Surface Area (km^2): 5.2 Ice Thickness Average Surface (m): 2.8 - 4.2 Volume (m^3 * 10^6): 160 161.391906738281 161.691970825195 -77.518882751465 -77.542304992676 143 143 meter 1993-10-28 2025-01-06 2024-01-09: Several corrections, including depth adjustments, were made to profiles conducted during the 96-97 field season. See comments field for corrections specific to each limno run. 2023-07-11: An error was found in the 2019-2020 season data in which the wrong sensor multiplier was inadvertently used for the underwater sensor (i.e., the "multiplier in air" was used instead of the "multiplier in water"). This issue has been corrected and affected data have been replaced. Data and metadata ported into DEIMS by Inigo in 2015. Data from this table was submitted to INSTAAR by John Priscu's team at Montana State University. The raw data files listed under 'file name' are the names of the original files submitted. The 1993/94 and 1994/95 datasets are Microsoft Excel version 6.0 files, and the 1995/96, 1996/97 and 1997/98 datasets are ascii text files. Upon arrival at INSTAAR, the data manager fine-tuned the location codes and limno runs to match those provided in the "locations, dates, codes for lake chemistry, biology samples" file. The file was imported into Microsoft Access on INSTAAR's Unix system, and can currently be found there. The file was then exported in ascii, comma delimited text and MS-DOS text (table layout) to present on the MCM LTER web site. Both of these files are linked to this web page above. Information for the metadata was obtained from the lktemps.metadata.txt and Metaparprofile9697.rtf files. The files were called up using Microsoft Word version 6.0. Text from these files was used to create this page in html format. McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER Information Manager im@mcmlter.org McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER http://mcmlter.org/ McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER

A Licor LI-193 (formerly LI-193SA; it is not known when the sensor was upgraded) spherical quantum sensor and a LI-190/R (formerly LI-193SA; it is not known when the sensor was upgraded) flat sensor were attached to a Licor datalogger to record instantaneous under-ice PAR and PAR incident on the surface of the lake ice. Data were recorded in an outside incubation hole covered by an opaque tarp, unless otherwise noted. The upper 3-6 meters of each profile, depending upon ice thickness for each lake, represents conditions within the ice melt hole and is not representative of actual lake water. It is advised that users of the data review the MCM LTER Lake Ice Thickness data package to find where the liquid water column starts for each cast.Starting in the 23/24 season, the LI-1400 datalogger was replaced with a LI-1500 datalogger. Individual data points for both sensors are now logged simultaneously and stored in the datalogger. Previously, the LI-1400 would display instantaneous data which was recorded manually by the user.

LIMNO_PAR_PROFILE mcmlter-lake-par_profile-20250331.csv 1833872 1 1 \n column , " https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/mcmlter-lake-par_profile-20250331.csv DATASET_CODE DATASET_CODE Code to ID the data table string Code to ID the data table LOCATION NAME LOCATION NAME Name of lake where measurement was made string Name of lake where measurement was made LOCATION CODE LOCATION CODE Code for site where measurement was made string Code for site where measurement was made LIMNO_RUN LIMNO_RUN Code for lake's sampling location and date string Code for lake's sampling location and date DATE_TIME Collection Date Date on which sample was gathered date mm/dd/yyyy DEPTH (m) DEPTH (m) Distance below the piezometric water level at which measurement was taken. meter 1 real 1 60 UwPAR (umol photons/m2/s) UwPAR (umol photons/m2/s) Underwater photosynthetically active radiation umolphotons/m2/second 0.01 real 0 100 Null None given AMBIENT PAR umol photons/m2/s AMBIENT PAR umol photons/m2/s Ambient photosynthetically active radiation umolphotons/m2/second 0.1 real 0 2000 Null None given PAR COMMENTS (PROFILE) PAR COMMENTS (PROFILE) Helpful hints about the sample string Helpful hints about the sample FILE NAME FILE NAME Name of file in which data was submitted string Name of file in which data was submitted DEPTH MASL DEPTH MASL Depth referred to the Sea level. Distance below Mean Average Sea Level meter 1 real