<eml:eml xmlns:eml="eml://ecoinformatics.org/eml-2.1.0" xmlns:stmml="http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml-1.1" xmlns:ds="eml://ecoinformatics.org/dataset-2.1.0" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="eml://ecoinformatics.org/eml-2.1.0 http://nis.lternet.edu/schemas/EML/eml-2.1.0/eml.xsd" packageId="knb-lter-mcm.244.593" system="knb">
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  <dataset>
    <title>Seasonal Effects on Soil Biota</title>
    <creator>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Diana</givenName>
        <surName>Wall</surName>
      </individualName>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>Johnson Hall 107</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Fort Collins</city>
        <administrativeArea>CO</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>80523</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>Diana.Wall@colostate.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>http://wp.natsci.colostate.edu/walllab/</onlineUrl>
      <userId directory="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-5235</userId>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Ross</givenName>
        <surName>Virginia</surName>
      </individualName>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>Hinman Box 6182</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Hanover</city>
        <administrativeArea>NH</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>03755</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <phone phonetype="voice">(603) 646-0192</phone>
      <electronicMailAddress>ross.a.virginia@dartmouth.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>http://sites.dartmouth.edu/ravirginia/</onlineUrl>
      <userId directory="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0890-0981</userId>
    </creator>
    <metadataProvider>
      <organizationName>McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER</organizationName>
      <onlineUrl>http://mcmlter.org/</onlineUrl>
    </metadataProvider>
    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Byron</givenName>
        <surName>Adams</surName>
      </individualName>
      <electronicMailAddress>byron_adams@byu.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>https://biology.byu.edu/adams-lab</onlineUrl>
      <userId directory="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7815-3352</userId>
      <role>field crew</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>John "Jeb"</givenName>
        <surName>Barrett</surName>
      </individualName>
      <electronicMailAddress>jebarre@vt.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>https://www.biol.vt.edu/faculty/barrett/index.html</onlineUrl>
      <userId directory="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7610-0505</userId>
      <role>field crew</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Denise</givenName>
        <surName>Steigerwald</surName>
      </individualName>
      <role>data manager</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Inigo</givenName>
        <surName>San Gil</surName>
      </individualName>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>Department of Biology, MSC03 2020 University of New Mexico</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Albuquerque</city>
        <administrativeArea>NM</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>87131</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <phone phonetype="voice">(505) 277-2625</phone>
      <phone phonetype="facsimile">(505) 277-2541</phone>
      <electronicMailAddress>isangil@lternet.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <role>data manager</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <pubDate>2014-01-01</pubDate>
    <language>English</language>
    <abstract>
      <section>
        <para>
          <literalLayout>Investigation of the effect of long-term variation in soil moisture and soil temperature on nematode anhydrobiosis as part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project. The percent of anhydrobiotic (coiled) nematodes with relation to season was determined. &#160; The study took place on three separate dates during the 1997-1998 austral summer: 21 November 1997, 16 December 1997, and 13 January 1998, samples were gathered at the south side of the Lake Hoare</literalLayout>
        </para>
      </section>
    </abstract>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>biomass</keyword>
      <keyword>nematodes</keyword>
      <keyword>rotifers</keyword>
      <keyword>soil</keyword>
      <keyword>soil disturbance</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>LTER Controlled Vocabulary</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Antarctica</keyword>
      <keyword>biomass</keyword>
      <keyword>Eudorylaimus</keyword>
      <keyword>LTER</keyword>
      <keyword>nematodes</keyword>
      <keyword>Plectus</keyword>
      <keyword>rotifers</keyword>
      <keyword>soil</keyword>
      <keyword>soil biota</keyword>
      <keyword>tardigrade</keyword>
      <keyword>Taylor Valley</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>Station Keywords</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>population dynamics</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>LTER Core Areas</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <additionalInfo>
      <para>
        <literalLayout></literalLayout>
      </para>
    </additionalInfo>
    <intellectualRights>
      <section>
        <title>Data Policies</title>
        <para>
          <literalLayout>This data package is released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which allows consumers (hereinafter referred to as “Data Users”) to freely reuse, redistribute, transform, or build on this work (even commercially) so long as appropriate credit is provided. Accordingly, Data Users are required to properly cite this data package in any publications or in the metadata of any derived products that result from its use (in whole or in part). A recommended citation is provided on the summary metadata page associated with this data package in the McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER Data Catalog (https://mcmlter.org/data), and a generic citation may be found on the summary metadata page in the repository where this data package was obtained. When these data contribute significantly to the contents of a publication, Data Users must also acknowledge that data were provided by the NSF-supported McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research program (OPP-2224760). This data package has been released in the spirit of open scientific collaboration. Hence, Data Users are strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration, and/or co-authorship (as appropriate) with the data package creator(s). Data Users should be aware these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research; thus, coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. Data Users should also recognize that misinterpretation of data may occur if they are used outside the context of the original study. Hence, Data Users are urged to contact the data package creator(s) if they have any questions regarding methodology or results. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of this data package (with all its components), complete accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Periodic updates to this data package may occur, and it is the responsibility of Data Users to check for new versions. This data package is made available “as is” and comes with no warranty of accuracy or fitness for use. The creator(s) of this data package and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for any damages resulting from misinterpretation, use, or misuse of these data. Finally, as a professional courtesy, we kindly request Data Users notify the primary contact referenced in the metadata when these data are used in the production of any derivative work or publication. Notification should include an explanation of how the data were used, along with a digital copy of the derived product(s). Thank you.</literalLayout>
        </para>
      </section>
    </intellectualRights>
    <distribution>
      <online>
        <url function="information">https://mcm.lternet.edu/content/seasonal-effects-soil-biota</url>
      </online>
    </distribution>
    <coverage>
      <geographicCoverage>
        <geographicDescription>This is the plot for the Biotic Effects Experiment at Lake Hoare&#160;</geographicDescription>
        <boundingCoordinates>
          <westBoundingCoordinate>162.876007080078</westBoundingCoordinate>
          <eastBoundingCoordinate>162.876007080078</eastBoundingCoordinate>
          <northBoundingCoordinate>-77.635002136230</northBoundingCoordinate>
          <southBoundingCoordinate>-77.635002136230</southBoundingCoordinate>
        </boundingCoordinates>
      </geographicCoverage>
      <temporalCoverage>
        <rangeOfDates>
          <beginDate>
            <calendarDate>1997-11-21</calendarDate>
          </beginDate>
          <endDate>
            <calendarDate>1998-01-13</calendarDate>
          </endDate>
        </rangeOfDates>
      </temporalCoverage>
    </coverage>
    <maintenance>
      <description>
        <para>
          <literalLayout>San Gil completes metadata in 2016 This file was created by Pilar Tillberg on 10 May 2001, using raw data from the Excel workbook '9711sewo.raw'. The file format was suggested by the LTER data manager, to conform with the relational database structure. [PT 10 May 2001]. data will be appended.</literalLayout>
        </para>
      </description>
    </maintenance>
    <contact>
      <organizationName>McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER</organizationName>
      <onlineUrl>http://mcmlter.org/</onlineUrl>
    </contact>
    <publisher>
      <organizationName>McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER</organizationName>
      <onlineUrl>http://mcmlter.org/</onlineUrl>
    </publisher>
    <pubPlace>McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER</pubPlace>
    <methods>
      <methodStep>
        <description>
          <section>
            <para>
              <literalLayout>&#160;Sampling was done by using a clean plastic scoop and collecting soil to a 10-cm depth. &#160;Soil samples were taken for organism enumeration and moisture content analysis as follows: Sampling bags were prepared with one sterile 'Whirlpak' bag and clean plastic scoop per sample. Samples were taken from within the 10 cm diameter circular area of each plot. The location of the sampling was recorded so that areas were not re-sampled. Using the plastic scoop, soil was collected to 10 cm depth. Very large rocks (&amp;gt;20 mm diameter) were excluded from the sample. &#160; &#160; The soil was shoveled into the 'Whirlpak' bag until three quarters full (about 1.5 kg soil). The soil was mixed well in the bag, then the bag was closed tightly, expelling as much air as possible. The soil samples were stored in a cooler for transportation. On return to the laboratory (within 8 hours of sampling), the soils were stored at 4C until further processing. &#160;In the laboratory, soil samples were handled in a laminar flow hood to prevent contamination. The Whirlpak bags of soil were mixed thoroughly prior to opening. Approximately 200cm3 of soil was placed in a pre-weighed 800mL plastic beaker. Rocks greater than 3-4mm in diameter were removed from the sample. A sub-sample of approximately 50g was removed and placed in a pre-weighed aluminum dish, and weighed on a balance accurate to 0.01g. This sample was dried at 105C for 24 hours. The sample was removed, placed in desiccator to cool down, and re-weighed. These data were used to calculate water content of the soil and to express data as numbers of soil organisms per unit dry weight of soil. &#160;The remaining soil in the plastic beaker was weighed. Cold tap water was added up to 650 mL. The soil suspension was stirred carefully (star stir or figure of 8) for 30 seconds, using a spatula. Immediately the liquid was poured into wet screens - a stack of 40 mesh on top of a 400 mesh. The screens were rinsed gently with ice cold tap water (from a wash bottle) through the top of the stack, keeping the screens at an angle as the water filtered through. The water was kept on ice at all times. The top screen was removed, and the lower screen rinsed top down, never directly on top of the soil, but at the top of the screen and from behind. The water was allowed to cascade down and carry the particles into the bottom wedge of the angled screen. The side of the screen was tapped gently to filter all the water through. The suspension was rinsed from the front and the back, keeping the screen at an angle and not allowing the water to overflow the edge of the screen. The soil particles were backwashed into a 50mL plastic centrifuge tube, tipping the screen into the funnel above the tube and rinsing the funnel gently. The suspension was centrifuged for five minutes at 1744 RPM. The liquid was decanted, leaving a few mL on top of the soil particles. The tube was filled with sucrose solution (454g sucrose per liter of tap water, kept refrigerated) up to 45mL. This was stirred gently with a spatula until the pellet was broken up and suspended. The suspension was centrifuged for one minute at 1744 RPM, decanted into a wet 500 mesh screen, rinsed well with ice cold tap water and backwashed into a centrifuge tube. Samples were refrigerated at 5C until counted. &#160; Samples were washed in to a counting dish and examined under a microscope at x10 or x20 magnification. Rotifers and tardigrades were identified and counted. &#160;Nematodes were identified to species and sex, and counted. Total numbers in each sample were recorded on data sheets. All species of nematode, and all rotifers and tardigrades found in the sample were recorded. Data were entered in to Excel files, printed, and checked for errors. &#160;</literalLayout>
            </para>
          </section>
        </description>
      </methodStep>
    </methods>
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      <entityDescription>Seasonal effects on soil biota data units and spreadsheet column descriptions</entityDescription>
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              <fieldDelimiter>,</fieldDelimiter>
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            <url>https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/sewo.csv</url>
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      <attributeList>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>LOCATION</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>LOCATION</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Name of area where measurement was made</attributeDefinition>
          <storageType>string</storageType>
          <measurementScale>
            <nominal>
              <nonNumericDomain>
                <textDomain>
                  <definition>Name of area where measurement was made</definition>
                </textDomain>
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        <attribute>
          <attributeName>DATE_TIME</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>DATE_TIME</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Date on which sample was gathered</attributeDefinition>
          <storageType>date</storageType>
          <measurementScale>
            <dateTime>
              <formatString>MM/DD/YYYY</formatString>
            </dateTime>
          </measurementScale>
        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>SAMPLE #</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>SAMPLE #</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>ID associated with transect, sampling location</attributeDefinition>
          <storageType>string</storageType>
          <measurementScale>
            <nominal>
              <nonNumericDomain>
                <textDomain>
                  <definition>ID associated with transect, sampling location</definition>
                </textDomain>
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        <attribute>
          <attributeName>TYPE OF ORGANISM</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>TYPE OF ORGANISM</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Family associated with organism</attributeDefinition>
          <storageType>string</storageType>
          <measurementScale>
            <nominal>
              <nonNumericDomain>
                <enumeratedDomain>
                  <codeDefinition>
                    <code>Nematode</code>
                    <definition>Nematode</definition>
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                  <codeDefinition>
                    <code>Rotifer</code>
                    <definition>Rotifer</definition>
                  </codeDefinition>
                  <codeDefinition>
                    <code>Tardigrade</code>
                    <definition>Tardigrade</definition>
                  </codeDefinition>
                </enumeratedDomain>
              </nonNumericDomain>
            </nominal>
          </measurementScale>
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        <attribute>
          <attributeName>SPECIES</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>SPECIES</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Species found in soil</attributeDefinition>
          <storageType>string</storageType>
          <measurementScale>
            <nominal>
              <nonNumericDomain>
                <enumeratedDomain>
                  <codeDefinition>
                    <code>Scottnema</code>
                    <definition>Scottnema</definition>
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                  <codeDefinition>
                    <code>Eudorylaimus</code>
                    <definition>Eudorylaimus</definition>
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                  <codeDefinition>
                    <code>Plectus</code>
                    <definition>Plectus</definition>
                  </codeDefinition>
                  <codeDefinition>
                    <code>Combined</code>
                    <definition>Scottnema, Eudorylaimus and Plectus</definition>
                  </codeDefinition>
                  <codeDefinition>
                    <code>Unknown</code>
                    <definition>Unknown</definition>
                  </codeDefinition>
                </enumeratedDomain>
              </nonNumericDomain>
            </nominal>
          </measurementScale>
        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>SEX</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>SEX</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Gender of organism (male vs. female)</attributeDefinition>
          <storageType>string</storageType>
          <measurementScale>
            <nominal>
              <nonNumericDomain>
                <enumeratedDomain>
                  <codeDefinition>
                    <code>Female</code>
                    <definition>Female</definition>
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                  <codeDefinition>
                    <code>Male</code>
                    <definition>Male</definition>
                  </codeDefinition>
                  <codeDefinition>
                    <code>Combined</code>
                    <definition>Combined (male and females)</definition>
                  </codeDefinition>
                  <codeDefinition>
                    <code>Undetermined</code>
                    <definition>Sex Undetermined</definition>
                  </codeDefinition>
                </enumeratedDomain>
              </nonNumericDomain>
            </nominal>
          </measurementScale>
        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>LIVE/DEAD/COMBINED</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>LIVE/DEAD/COMBINED</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Survival Status (living, dead, or both)</attributeDefinition>
          <storageType>string</storageType>
          <measurementScale>
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              <nonNumericDomain>
                <enumeratedDomain>
                  <codeDefinition>
                    <code>Live</code>
                    <definition>Live</definition>
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                  <codeDefinition>
                    <code>Dead</code>
                    <definition>Dead</definition>
                  </codeDefinition>
                  <codeDefinition>
                    <code>Combined</code>
                    <definition>Combined dead and live</definition>
                  </codeDefinition>
                  <codeDefinition>
                    <code>Undetermined</code>
                    <definition>Undetermined</definition>
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                </enumeratedDomain>
              </nonNumericDomain>
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        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>ADULT/JUVENILE/COMBINED</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>ADULT/JUVENILE/COMBINED</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Maturity (adult, juvenile, or both)</attributeDefinition>
          <storageType>string</storageType>
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                <enumeratedDomain>
                  <codeDefinition>
                    <code>Juvenile</code>
                    <definition>Juvenile</definition>
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                  <codeDefinition>
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                    <definition>Adult</definition>
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                  <codeDefinition>
                    <code>Combined</code>
                    <definition>Adult and Juveniles combined</definition>
                  </codeDefinition>
                  <codeDefinition>
                    <code>Undetermined</code>
                    <definition>Stage undetermined</definition>
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                </enumeratedDomain>
              </nonNumericDomain>
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          </measurementScale>
        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>TOTAL (#/KG DRY SOIL)</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>TOTAL (#/KG DRY SOIL)</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Number of organisms found in that category per kilo</attributeDefinition>
          <measurementScale>
            <ratio>
              <unit>
                <customUnit>#/KG DRY SOIL</customUnit>
              </unit>
              <numericDomain>
                <numberType>real</numberType>
              </numericDomain>
            </ratio>
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        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>Comments</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>Comments</attributeLabel>
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        <attribute>
          <attributeName>FILE NAME</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>FILE NAME</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Name of file in which data was stored</attributeDefinition>
          <storageType>string</storageType>
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