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  <dataset>
    <title>Human Disturbance Effects on soils - Soil Moisture</title>
    <creator>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Diana</givenName>
        <surName>Wall</surName>
      </individualName>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>Johnson Hall 107</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Fort Collins</city>
        <administrativeArea>CO</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>80523</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>Diana.Wall@colostate.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>http://wp.natsci.colostate.edu/walllab/</onlineUrl>
      <userId directory="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-5235</userId>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Ross</givenName>
        <surName>Virginia</surName>
      </individualName>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>Hinman Box 6182</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Hanover</city>
        <administrativeArea>NH</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>03755</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <phone phonetype="voice">(603) 646-0192</phone>
      <electronicMailAddress>ross.a.virginia@dartmouth.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>http://sites.dartmouth.edu/ravirginia/</onlineUrl>
      <userId directory="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0890-0981</userId>
    </creator>
    <metadataProvider>
      <organizationName>McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER</organizationName>
      <onlineUrl>http://mcmlter.org/</onlineUrl>
    </metadataProvider>
    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>John "Jeb"</givenName>
        <surName>Barrett</surName>
      </individualName>
      <electronicMailAddress>jebarre@vt.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>https://www.biol.vt.edu/faculty/barrett/index.html</onlineUrl>
      <userId directory="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7610-0505</userId>
      <role>associated researcher</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Laura</givenName>
        <surName>Powers</surName>
      </individualName>
      <role>field crew</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Johnson</givenName>
        <surName>Nkem</surName>
      </individualName>
      <electronicMailAddress>j.nkem@cgiar.org</electronicMailAddress>
      <role>field crew</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Byron</givenName>
        <surName>Adams</surName>
      </individualName>
      <electronicMailAddress>byron_adams@byu.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>https://biology.byu.edu/adams-lab</onlineUrl>
      <userId directory="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7815-3352</userId>
      <role>field crew</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Emma</givenName>
        <surName>Broos</surName>
      </individualName>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>atural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Fort Collins</city>
        <administrativeArea>CO</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>80523</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>emma@nrel.colostate.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <role>field crew</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Denise</givenName>
        <surName>Steigerwald</surName>
      </individualName>
      <role>data manager</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Inigo</givenName>
        <surName>San Gil</surName>
      </individualName>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>Department of Biology, MSC03 2020 University of New Mexico</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Albuquerque</city>
        <administrativeArea>NM</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>87131</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <phone phonetype="voice">(505) 277-2625</phone>
      <phone phonetype="facsimile">(505) 277-2541</phone>
      <electronicMailAddress>isangil@lternet.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <role>data manager</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <pubDate>2014-11-12</pubDate>
    <language>English</language>
    <abstract>
      <section>
        <para>
          <literalLayout>Concerns over environmental disturbance in the McMurdo Dry Valleys are increasing with increasing foot traffic from tourists and scientist. The effect of pedestrian disturbance were monitored by comparing the species composition, depth distribution and soil properties between adjacent high-, low- and no- traffic sites. This study began in the austral summer 1995/1996.</literalLayout>
        </para>
      </section>
    </abstract>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Antarctica</keyword>
      <keyword>LTER</keyword>
      <keyword>soil</keyword>
      <keyword>soil moisture</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>Station Keywords</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>disturbance</keyword>
      <keyword>population dynamics</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>LTER Core Areas</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <intellectualRights>
      <section>
        <title>Data Policies</title>
        <para>
          <literalLayout>This data package is released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which allows consumers (hereinafter referred to as “Data Users”) to freely reuse, redistribute, transform, or build on this work (even commercially) so long as appropriate credit is provided. Accordingly, Data Users are required to properly cite this data package in any publications or in the metadata of any derived products that result from its use (in whole or in part). A recommended citation is provided on the summary metadata page associated with this data package in the McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER Data Catalog (https://mcmlter.org/data), and a generic citation may be found on the summary metadata page in the repository where this data package was obtained. When these data contribute significantly to the contents of a publication, Data Users must also acknowledge that data were provided by the NSF-supported McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research program (OPP-2224760). This data package has been released in the spirit of open scientific collaboration. Hence, Data Users are strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration, and/or co-authorship (as appropriate) with the data package creator(s). Data Users should be aware these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research; thus, coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. Data Users should also recognize that misinterpretation of data may occur if they are used outside the context of the original study. Hence, Data Users are urged to contact the data package creator(s) if they have any questions regarding methodology or results. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of this data package (with all its components), complete accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Periodic updates to this data package may occur, and it is the responsibility of Data Users to check for new versions. This data package is made available “as is” and comes with no warranty of accuracy or fitness for use. The creator(s) of this data package and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for any damages resulting from misinterpretation, use, or misuse of these data. Finally, as a professional courtesy, we kindly request Data Users notify the primary contact referenced in the metadata when these data are used in the production of any derivative work or publication. Notification should include an explanation of how the data were used, along with a digital copy of the derived product(s). Thank you.</literalLayout>
        </para>
      </section>
    </intellectualRights>
    <distribution>
      <online>
        <url function="information">https://mcm.lternet.edu/content/human-disturbance-effects-soils-soil-moisture</url>
      </online>
    </distribution>
    <coverage>
      <geographicCoverage>
        <geographicDescription>Long Term Manipulation Experiment at South Side of Lake Hoare LTM</geographicDescription>
        <boundingCoordinates>
          <westBoundingCoordinate>162.882125854492</westBoundingCoordinate>
          <eastBoundingCoordinate>162.882125854492</eastBoundingCoordinate>
          <northBoundingCoordinate>-77.632965087891</northBoundingCoordinate>
          <southBoundingCoordinate>-77.632965087891</southBoundingCoordinate>
        </boundingCoordinates>
      </geographicCoverage>
      <temporalCoverage>
        <rangeOfDates>
          <beginDate>
            <calendarDate>1995-10-01</calendarDate>
          </beginDate>
          <endDate>
            <calendarDate>1997-04-01</calendarDate>
          </endDate>
        </rangeOfDates>
      </temporalCoverage>
    </coverage>
    <maintenance>
      <description>
        <para>
          <literalLayout>This file was created by Mark St. John on 9 Nov 1998, using raw data from the Excel workbook '9612diso.raw'. The file format was suggested by the LTER data manager, to conform with the relational database structure.</literalLayout>
        </para>
      </description>
    </maintenance>
    <contact>
      <organizationName>McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER</organizationName>
      <onlineUrl>http://mcmlter.org/</onlineUrl>
    </contact>
    <publisher>
      <organizationName>McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER</organizationName>
      <onlineUrl>http://mcmlter.org/</onlineUrl>
    </publisher>
    <pubPlace>McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER</pubPlace>
    <methods>
      <methodStep>
        <description>
          <section>
            <para>
              <literalLayout>&#160;Sampling bags were prepared with one sterile 'Whirlpak' bag and clean plastic scoop per sample. Soils were sampled from three areas: heavy traffic (H), light traffic (L) and control (C) where soils had not been walked upon; and at 2.5 and 10 cm depths. The location of the sampling was recorded each year so that areas were not re-sampled. Using the plastic scoop, soil was collected to 10 cm depth. Very large rocks (&amp;gt;20 mm diameter) were excluded from the sample. &#160; &#160; The soil was shoveled into the 'Whirlpak' bag until three quarters full (about 1.5 kg soil). The soil was mixed well in the bag, then the bag was closed tightly, expelling as much air as possible. The soil samples were stored in a cooler for transportation. On return to the laboratory (within 8 hours of sampling), the soils were stored at 5 C until further processing. &#160; In the laboratory, soil samples were handled in a laminar flow hood to prevent contamination. The Whirlpak bags of soil were mixed thoroughly prior to opening. Approximately 200cm3 of soil was placed in a pre-weighed 800mL plastic beaker. Rocks greater than 3-4mm in diameter were removed from the sample. A sub-sample of approximately 50g was removed and placed in a pre-weighed aluminum dish, and weighed on a balance accurate to 0.01g. This sample was dried at 105C for 24 hours. The sample was removed, placed in desiccator to cool down, and re-weighed. These data were used to calculate water content of the soil and to express data as numbers of soil organisms per unit dry weight of soil. &#160;</literalLayout>
            </para>
          </section>
        </description>
      </methodStep>
    </methods>
    <dataTable>
      <entityName>9597diso</entityName>
      <physical>
        <objectName>9597diso.csv</objectName>
        <size>8848</size>
        <dataFormat>
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            <numHeaderLines>1</numHeaderLines>
            <numFooterLines>0</numFooterLines>
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            <attributeOrientation>column</attributeOrientation>
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              <quoteCharacter>"</quoteCharacter>
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        <distribution>
          <online>
            <url>https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/9597diso.csv</url>
          </online>
        </distribution>
      </physical>
      <attributeList>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>LOCATION</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>LOCATION</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Name of area where measurement was made</attributeDefinition>
          <storageType>string</storageType>
          <measurementScale>
            <nominal>
              <nonNumericDomain>
                <textDomain>
                  <definition>Name of area where measurement was made</definition>
                </textDomain>
              </nonNumericDomain>
            </nominal>
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        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>DATE_TIME</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>DATE_TIME</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Date on which sample was gathered</attributeDefinition>
          <storageType>date</storageType>
          <measurementScale>
            <dateTime>
              <formatString>mm/dd/yyyy</formatString>
            </dateTime>
          </measurementScale>
        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>SAMPLE #</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>SAMPLE #</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Sample ID</attributeDefinition>
          <storageType>string</storageType>
          <measurementScale>
            <nominal>
              <nonNumericDomain>
                <textDomain>
                  <definition>Sample ID</definition>
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        <attribute>
          <attributeName>SOIL WATER CONTENT (%)</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>SOIL WATER CONTENT (%)</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Percent water found in soil</attributeDefinition>
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              <unit>
                <standardUnit>dimensionless</standardUnit>
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                <numberType>real</numberType>
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          <attributeName>COMMENTS</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>COMMENTS</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Helpful hints about the sample</attributeDefinition>
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            <nominal>
              <nonNumericDomain>
                <textDomain>
                  <definition>Helpful hints about the sample</definition>
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        <attribute>
          <attributeName>FILE NAME</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>FILE NAME</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Name of file in which data was stored</attributeDefinition>
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                <textDomain>
                  <definition>Name of file in which data was stored</definition>
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