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  <dataset>
    <shortName>BOHNER_HYDRO</shortName>
    <title>Seasonal high-frequency measurements of discharge, water temperature, and specific conductivity from Bohner Stream at B5, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2011-2023, ongoing)</title>
    <creator>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Michael</givenName>
        <surName>Gooseff</surName>
      </individualName>
      <electronicMailAddress>michael.gooseff@colorado.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>http://goosefflab.weebly.com</onlineUrl>
      <userId directory="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4322-8315</userId>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Diane</givenName>
        <surName>McKnight</surName>
      </individualName>
      <electronicMailAddress>diane.mcknight@colorado.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <userId directory="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4171-1533</userId>
    </creator>
    <metadataProvider>
      <organizationName>McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER</organizationName>
      <onlineUrl>http://mcmlter.org/</onlineUrl>
    </metadataProvider>
    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Anna</givenName>
        <surName>Wright</surName>
      </individualName>
      <electronicMailAddress>anna.t.wright@colorado.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <userId directory="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4709-151X</userId>
      <role>field technician</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Renée</givenName>
        <surName>Brown</surName>
      </individualName>
      <electronicMailAddress>rfbrown@unm.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <userId directory="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4986-7663</userId>
      <role>data manager</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Sam</givenName>
        <surName>Beane</surName>
      </individualName>
      <electronicMailAddress>Samuel.Beane@colorado.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <role>former field crew</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <pubDate>2024-02-09</pubDate>
    <language>English</language>
    <abstract>
      <section>
        <para>
          <literalLayout>As part of the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, a systematic sampling program has been undertaken to monitor the glacial meltwater streams in that region. This package contains data pertaining to continuous monitored water quality and quantity parameters measured with automatic recording devices on streams in this region. Specifically, this metadata record describes the hydrology data set for the Bohner Stream at the B5 streamgage, located in the Bonney Basin of Taylor Valley. Measurements commenced during the 2011-12 season and are ongoing. Gage control was constructed on 27 Jan 2011 at -77.696302 62.558285. This dataset extends through the first half of the 2022-23 field season.</literalLayout>
        </para>
      </section>
    </abstract>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>conductivity</keyword>
      <keyword>discharge</keyword>
      <keyword>hydrology</keyword>
      <keyword>stream discharge</keyword>
      <keyword>streamflow</keyword>
      <keyword>water temperature</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>LTER Controlled Vocabulary</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>conductivity</keyword>
      <keyword>discharge</keyword>
      <keyword>hydrology</keyword>
      <keyword>stream</keyword>
      <keyword>streamflow</keyword>
      <keyword>temperature</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>Station Keywords</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>disturbance</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>LTER Core Areas</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <additionalInfo>
      <para>
        <literalLayout>Codes&#160; Qe - Flow estimated by averaging adjacent 15-minute intervals&#160;Qmf - Flow data Missing â flow present â either observed or suggested by water temperature and specific conductance dataQmnf - Flow data Missing â no flow - either observed or suggested by water temperature and specific conductance dataQmu - Flow data Missing or flow status unknownQno - No Flow all seasonQsed - Sediment build up on orifice line - may lead to recorded stage measurements corresponding to higher than actual discharge valuesWtx - No water temperature probe at stationWTexp - temperature probe may have been exposed to air because of low flowsSCx - No specific conductance probe at station</literalLayout>
      </para>
    </additionalInfo>
    <intellectualRights>
      <section>
        <title>Data Policies</title>
        <para>
          <literalLayout>This data package is released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which allows consumers (hereinafter referred to as “Data Users”) to freely reuse, redistribute, transform, or build on this work (even commercially) so long as appropriate credit is provided. Accordingly, Data Users are required to properly cite this data package in any publications or in the metadata of any derived products that result from its use (in whole or in part). A recommended citation is provided on the summary metadata page associated with this data package in the McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER Data Catalog (https://mcmlter.org/data), and a generic citation may be found on the summary metadata page in the repository where this data package was obtained. When these data contribute significantly to the contents of a publication, Data Users must also acknowledge that data were provided by the NSF-supported McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research program (OPP-2224760). This data package has been released in the spirit of open scientific collaboration. Hence, Data Users are strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration, and/or co-authorship (as appropriate) with the data package creator(s). Data Users should be aware these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research; thus, coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. Data Users should also recognize that misinterpretation of data may occur if they are used outside the context of the original study. Hence, Data Users are urged to contact the data package creator(s) if they have any questions regarding methodology or results. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of this data package (with all its components), complete accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Periodic updates to this data package may occur, and it is the responsibility of Data Users to check for new versions. This data package is made available “as is” and comes with no warranty of accuracy or fitness for use. The creator(s) of this data package and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for any damages resulting from misinterpretation, use, or misuse of these data. Finally, as a professional courtesy, we kindly request Data Users notify the primary contact referenced in the metadata when these data are used in the production of any derivative work or publication. Notification should include an explanation of how the data were used, along with a digital copy of the derived product(s). Thank you.</literalLayout>
        </para>
      </section>
    </intellectualRights>
    <distribution>
      <online>
        <url function="information">https://mcm.lternet.edu/content/seasonal-high-frequency-measurements-discharge-water-temperature-and-specific-conductivity-1</url>
      </online>
    </distribution>
    <coverage>
      <geographicCoverage>
        <geographicDescription>Bohner at B5. Near Bohner at lower. Started Jan 2011. Parent Stream: Bohner Stream Provenance : Coordinates from Steve Crisp (email to Inigo San Gil)</geographicDescription>
        <boundingCoordinates>
          <westBoundingCoordinate>162.558142000000</westBoundingCoordinate>
          <eastBoundingCoordinate>162.558142000000</eastBoundingCoordinate>
          <northBoundingCoordinate>-77.696332000000</northBoundingCoordinate>
          <southBoundingCoordinate>-77.696332000000</southBoundingCoordinate>
        </boundingCoordinates>
      </geographicCoverage>
      <temporalCoverage>
        <rangeOfDates>
          <beginDate>
            <calendarDate>2011-11-29</calendarDate>
          </beginDate>
          <endDate>
            <calendarDate>2023-01-21</calendarDate>
          </endDate>
        </rangeOfDates>
      </temporalCoverage>
    </coverage>
    <maintenance>
      <description>
        <para>
          <literalLayout>No data were collected during the 20-21 austral summer due to the COVID-19 pandemic.</literalLayout>
        </para>
      </description>
    </maintenance>
    <contact>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER</givenName>
        <surName>Information Manager</surName>
      </individualName>
      <electronicMailAddress>im@mcmlter.org</electronicMailAddress>
    </contact>
    <publisher>
      <organizationName>McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER</organizationName>
      <onlineUrl>http://mcmlter.org/</onlineUrl>
    </publisher>
    <pubPlace>McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER</pubPlace>
    <methods>
      <methodStep>
        <description>
          <section>
            <para>
              <literalLayout>Campbell CR10 dataloggers were used to record stream stage, water temperature, and conductivity in a network of stream gages. Stage is monitored with pressure transducers; PSS-1 and PS-2 models form Paroscientific Corporation, and Accubars from Sutron Corporation. The pressure transducers measure the backpressure in orifice lines set into or above controls in the stream channel. In addition, some of the sites monitor water temperature and conductivity with either USGS minimonitor probes, or Campbell temperature/conductivity probes. Ratings are developed for the stage/discharge relationship at each site by measuring streamflow with current meters or portable flumes, according to standard USGS methods. Datum corrections to the stage are determined by periodically surveying the elevation of the orifice line to the control and nearby reference marks. Calibrations for the temperature and conductivity are assessed by measuring these parameters with portable field meters while simultaneously noting the readings from the gage probes. Data is downloaded into Campbell storage modules, and retrieved into pcs. From there, the data is sent to a USGS computer, where time discrepancies are resolved, and the data is loaded into Aquarius, a database system developed in the USGS for maintaining and processing water data. A determination for each site as to when the stream was flowing and when it was not is made. For water temperature and conductivity, bad data is deleted. Variable shifts are determined based on field calibration measurements, and other indicators. The shifts are applied to the remaining good data inside of Aquarius. The data is pulled out of Aquarius, and reformatted for input into ORACLE. Cases of water temperature below reasonable values are set to lower limits. A quality code is assigned to every value. The resulting data is uploaded into the ORACLE and the McMurdo database. For stage/discharge, bad data is deleted. Survey data is reviewed to compute weir elevations and datum corrections. A rating curve is developed graphically, based on available data, and entered into Aquarius. All applicable shifts and datum corrections are entered into Aquarius. All corrections and ratings are run against the good stage data to compute the discharge at each recording interval. The data is pulled out of Aquarius, and reformatted for input into ORACLE. A quality code is assigned to every value. The resulting data is uploaded into ORACLE and the McMurdo database.</literalLayout>
            </para>
          </section>
        </description>
      </methodStep>
    </methods>
    <dataTable>
      <entityName>BOHNER_HYDRO</entityName>
      <entityDescription>Bohner Stream at B5</entityDescription>
      <physical>
        <objectName>mcmlter-strm-b5_bohner-15min-20240108.csv</objectName>
        <size>2393344</size>
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            <numFooterLines>1</numFooterLines>
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        <distribution>
          <online>
            <url>https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/mcmlter-strm-b5_bohner-15min-20240108.csv</url>
          </online>
        </distribution>
      </physical>
      <attributeList>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>DATASET_CODE</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>Dataset code</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Code representing discrete stream gage measurements dataset</attributeDefinition>
          <storageType>string</storageType>
          <measurementScale>
            <nominal>
              <nonNumericDomain>
                <textDomain>
                  <definition>Code representing discrete stream gage measurements dataset</definition>
                </textDomain>
              </nonNumericDomain>
            </nominal>
          </measurementScale>
        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>STRMGAGEID</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>stream gage id</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Code representing stream gage - bohner_b5</attributeDefinition>
          <storageType>string</storageType>
          <measurementScale>
            <nominal>
              <nonNumericDomain>
                <textDomain>
                  <definition>Code representing stream gage - bohner_b5</definition>
                </textDomain>
              </nonNumericDomain>
            </nominal>
          </measurementScale>
        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>DATE_TIME</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>Date/time</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Date/time of sample (McMurdo time)</attributeDefinition>
          <storageType>date</storageType>
          <measurementScale>
            <dateTime>
              <formatString>MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI</formatString>
            </dateTime>
          </measurementScale>
          <missingValueCode>
            <code>Required entry</code>
            <codeExplanation>None given</codeExplanation>
          </missingValueCode>
        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>DISCHARGE RATE</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>Discharge Rate</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Stream discharge</attributeDefinition>
          <measurementScale>
            <ratio>
              <unit>
                <standardUnit>litersPerSecond</standardUnit>
              </unit>
              <precision>0.01</precision>
              <numericDomain>
                <numberType>real</numberType>
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            </ratio>
          </measurementScale>
          <missingValueCode>
            <code>Null</code>
            <codeExplanation>None given</codeExplanation>
          </missingValueCode>
        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>DISCHARGE QLTY</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>Discharge Quality</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Estimated accuracy of discharge (good=most accurate within 10%, fair=most data accurate within 25%, poor=significant amounts of data may be &gt;25% off)</attributeDefinition>
          <storageType>string</storageType>
          <measurementScale>
            <nominal>
              <nonNumericDomain>
                <textDomain>
                  <definition>Estimated accuracy of discharge (good=most accurate within 10%, fair=most data accurate within 25%, poor=significant amounts of data may be &gt;25% off)</definition>
                </textDomain>
              </nonNumericDomain>
            </nominal>
          </measurementScale>
        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>WATER TEMP</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>Water Temperature</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Water Temperature</attributeDefinition>
          <measurementScale>
            <ratio>
              <unit>
                <standardUnit>celsius</standardUnit>
              </unit>
              <precision>0.1</precision>
              <numericDomain>
                <numberType>real</numberType>
              </numericDomain>
            </ratio>
          </measurementScale>
          <missingValueCode>
            <code>Null</code>
            <codeExplanation>None given</codeExplanation>
          </missingValueCode>
        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>WATER TEMP QLTY</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>Water Temperature Quality</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Estimated accuracy of water temperature (good=most accurate within 10%, fair=most data accurate within 25%, poor=significant amounts of data may be &gt;25% off)</attributeDefinition>
          <storageType>string</storageType>
          <measurementScale>
            <nominal>
              <nonNumericDomain>
                <textDomain>
                  <definition>Estimated accuracy of water temperature (good=most accurate within 10%, fair=most data accurate within 25%, poor=significant amounts of data may be &gt;25% off)</definition>
                </textDomain>
              </nonNumericDomain>
            </nominal>
          </measurementScale>
        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>CONDUCTIVITY</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>Conductivity</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Specific conductivity</attributeDefinition>
          <measurementScale>
            <ratio>
              <unit>
                <customUnit>microsiemens/cm</customUnit>
              </unit>
              <precision>0.1</precision>
              <numericDomain>
                <numberType>real</numberType>
              </numericDomain>
            </ratio>
          </measurementScale>
          <missingValueCode>
            <code>Null</code>
            <codeExplanation>None given</codeExplanation>
          </missingValueCode>
        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>CONDUCTIVITY_QLTY</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>Conductivity Quality</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Estimated accuracy of conductivity (good=most accurate within 10%, fair=most data accurate within 25%, poor=significant amounts of data may be &gt;25% off)</attributeDefinition>
          <storageType>string</storageType>
          <measurementScale>
            <nominal>
              <nonNumericDomain>
                <textDomain>
                  <definition>Estimated accuracy of conductivity (good=most accurate within 10%, fair=most data accurate within 25%, poor=significant amounts of data may be &gt;25% off)</definition>
                </textDomain>
              </nonNumericDomain>
            </nominal>
          </measurementScale>
        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>COMMENTS</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>Comments</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Comments about the overall data</attributeDefinition>
          <storageType>string</storageType>
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      </attributeList>
    </dataTable>
  </dataset>
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