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  <dataset>
    <shortName>LIMNO_ALPS_POC_PON</shortName>
    <title>Lake Bonney Autonomous Lake Profiler and Samplers (ALPS): Particulate Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Concentrations</title>
    <creator>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Cristina</givenName>
        <surName>Takacs-Vesbach</surName>
      </individualName>
      <electronicMailAddress>cvesbach@unm.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>http://www.vesbachlab.org</onlineUrl>
      <userId directory="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-2201</userId>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Peter</givenName>
        <surName>Doran</surName>
      </individualName>
      <electronicMailAddress>pdoran@lsu.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>https://www.lsu.edu/science/geology/people/faculty/doran.php</onlineUrl>
      <userId directory="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3774-2847</userId>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>John</givenName>
        <surName>Priscu</surName>
      </individualName>
      <electronicMailAddress>jpriscu@montana.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <userId directory="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5807-6364</userId>
    </creator>
    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Luke</givenName>
        <surName>Winslow</surName>
      </individualName>
      <phone phonetype="voice">608-821-3914</phone>
      <electronicMailAddress>lwinslow@usgs.gov</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>http://cida.usgs.gov/people/lwinslow.html</onlineUrl>
      <role>field crew</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Heather</givenName>
        <surName>Buelow</surName>
      </individualName>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>University of New Mexico</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Albuquerque</city>
        <administrativeArea>NM</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>87131</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>hnbuelow@gmail.com</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Ut_MuNcAAAAJ&amp;hl=en</onlineUrl>
      <role>field crew</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Jeff</givenName>
        <surName>Patriarche</surName>
      </individualName>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>334 Leon Johnson Hall</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Bozeman</city>
        <administrativeArea>MT</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>59717</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>j.patriarche@gmail.com</electronicMailAddress>
      <role>field crew</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Maciej</givenName>
        <surName>Obryk</surName>
      </individualName>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>Cascades Volcano Observatory</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Vancouver</city>
        <administrativeArea>WA</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>98683</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>maciej.obryk@gmail.com</electronicMailAddress>
      <userId directory="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8182-8656</userId>
      <role>field crew</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Inigo</givenName>
        <surName>San Gil</surName>
      </individualName>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>Department of Biology, MSC03 2020 University of New Mexico</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Albuquerque</city>
        <administrativeArea>NM</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>87131</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <phone phonetype="voice">(505) 277-2625</phone>
      <phone phonetype="facsimile">(505) 277-2541</phone>
      <electronicMailAddress>isangil@lternet.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <role>data manager</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <pubDate>2017-01-17</pubDate>
    <language>English</language>
    <abstract>
      <section>
        <para>
          <literalLayout>Knowledge of the McMurdo Dry Valley (MDV) lakes is limited by winter access, a period which is most relevant in understanding the habitability of other icy worlds and critical to understanding the overall function of these lakes.&#160; Owing to the lack of winter access, data that normally require human presence are incomplete.&#160; Our goal was to conduct the first year-round investigation of the biogeophysics of these unique lakes.&#160; An important part of the McMurdo Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) is evaluating carbon and nitrogen budgets in perennial ice-covered lakes. This data set addresses this core area of research and quantifies the particulate carbon and nitrogen found at specific depths in McMurdo Dry Valley lakes.</literalLayout>
        </para>
      </section>
    </abstract>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>lakes</keyword>
      <keyword>particulate organic carbon</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>LTER Controlled Vocabulary</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>carbon</keyword>
      <keyword>limnology</keyword>
      <keyword>particulate organic carbon</keyword>
      <keyword>particulate organic nitrogen</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>Station Keywords</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>organic matter</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>LTER Core Areas</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <intellectualRights>
      <section>
        <title>Data Policies</title>
        <para>
          <literalLayout>This data package is released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which allows consumers (hereinafter referred to as “Data Users”) to freely reuse, redistribute, transform, or build on this work (even commercially) so long as appropriate credit is provided. Accordingly, Data Users are required to properly cite this data package in any publications or in the metadata of any derived products that result from its use (in whole or in part). A recommended citation is provided on the summary metadata page associated with this data package in the McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER Data Catalog (https://mcmlter.org/data), and a generic citation may be found on the summary metadata page in the repository where this data package was obtained. When these data contribute significantly to the contents of a publication, Data Users must also acknowledge that data were provided by the NSF-supported McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research program (OPP-2224760). This data package has been released in the spirit of open scientific collaboration. Hence, Data Users are strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration, and/or co-authorship (as appropriate) with the data package creator(s). Data Users should be aware these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research; thus, coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. Data Users should also recognize that misinterpretation of data may occur if they are used outside the context of the original study. Hence, Data Users are urged to contact the data package creator(s) if they have any questions regarding methodology or results. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of this data package (with all its components), complete accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Periodic updates to this data package may occur, and it is the responsibility of Data Users to check for new versions. This data package is made available “as is” and comes with no warranty of accuracy or fitness for use. The creator(s) of this data package and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for any damages resulting from misinterpretation, use, or misuse of these data. Finally, as a professional courtesy, we kindly request Data Users notify the primary contact referenced in the metadata when these data are used in the production of any derivative work or publication. Notification should include an explanation of how the data were used, along with a digital copy of the derived product(s). Thank you.</literalLayout>
        </para>
      </section>
    </intellectualRights>
    <distribution>
      <online>
        <url function="information">https://mcm.lternet.edu/node/3957</url>
      </online>
    </distribution>
    <coverage>
      <geographicCoverage>
        <geographicDescription>Lake Bonney is a saline lake with permanent ice cover at the western end of Taylor Valley in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Victoria Land, Antarctica. It is 7 kilometres or 4.3 mi long and up to 900 metres or 3,000 ft wide. A narrow channel only 50 metres or 160 ft wide. Lake Bonney at Narrows separates the lake into East Lake Bonney 3.32 square kilometres or 1.28 sq mi and West Lake Bonney, 0.99 square kilometres or 0.38 sq mi. Valley: Taylor Distance to Sea : 28 Maximum Length (km): 2.6 Maximum Width (km): 0.9 Maximum Depth (m): 40 Surface Area (km^2): 0.99 Ice Thickness Average Surface (m): 2.8-4.5 Volume (m^3 * 10^6): 10.1</geographicDescription>
        <boundingCoordinates>
          <westBoundingCoordinate>162.269104003906</westBoundingCoordinate>
          <eastBoundingCoordinate>162.354934692383</eastBoundingCoordinate>
          <northBoundingCoordinate>-77.714805603027</northBoundingCoordinate>
          <southBoundingCoordinate>-77.727287292480</southBoundingCoordinate>
          <boundingAltitudes>
            <altitudeMinimum>57</altitudeMinimum>
            <altitudeMaximum>57</altitudeMaximum>
            <altitudeUnits>meter</altitudeUnits>
          </boundingAltitudes>
        </boundingCoordinates>
      </geographicCoverage>
      <geographicCoverage>
        <geographicDescription>Lake Bonney is a saline lake with permanent ice cover at the western end of Taylor Valley in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Victoria Land, Antarctica. It is 7 kilometres or 4.3 mi long and up to 900 metres or 3,000 ft wide. A narrow channel only 50 metres or 160 ft wide. Lake Bonney at Narrows separates the lake into East Lake Bonney 3.32 square kilometres or 1.28 sq mi and West Lake Bonney, 0.99 square kilometres or 0.38 sq mi. The west lobe is flanked by Taylor glacier. Valley: Taylor Distance to Sea : 25 Maximum Length (km): 4.8 Maximum Width (km): 0.9 Maximum Depth (m): 37 Surface Area (km^2): 3.32 Ice Thickness Average Surface (m): 3 - 4.5 Volume (m^3 * 10^6): 54.7</geographicDescription>
        <boundingCoordinates>
          <westBoundingCoordinate>162.353210449219</westBoundingCoordinate>
          <eastBoundingCoordinate>162.536209106445</eastBoundingCoordinate>
          <northBoundingCoordinate>-77.697700500488</northBoundingCoordinate>
          <southBoundingCoordinate>-77.724441528320</southBoundingCoordinate>
          <boundingAltitudes>
            <altitudeMinimum>57</altitudeMinimum>
            <altitudeMaximum>57</altitudeMaximum>
            <altitudeUnits>meter</altitudeUnits>
          </boundingAltitudes>
        </boundingCoordinates>
      </geographicCoverage>
      <temporalCoverage>
        <rangeOfDates>
          <beginDate>
            <calendarDate>2013-12-01</calendarDate>
          </beginDate>
          <endDate>
            <calendarDate>2014-12-14</calendarDate>
          </endDate>
        </rangeOfDates>
      </temporalCoverage>
    </coverage>
    <contact>
      <organizationName>McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER</organizationName>
      <onlineUrl>http://mcmlter.org/</onlineUrl>
    </contact>
    <publisher>
      <organizationName>McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER</organizationName>
      <onlineUrl>http://mcmlter.org/</onlineUrl>
    </publisher>
    <pubPlace>McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER</pubPlace>
    <methods>
      <methodStep>
        <description>
          <section>
            <para>
              <literalLayout>Lake water samples were collected at 15m in both lobes of Lake Bonney with the McLane Remote Access Sampler (RAS) 48 times approximately every nine days from December 2013 to December 2014. Each sample was pumped into a 500 ml sample bag, to which we added 5 mL of saturated mercuric chloride (10g 100 ml-1 or 1 mg ml-1 final concentration) before deployment. After redeployment of the RAS, sample bags were stored in 1000 ml Nalgene bottles and shipped to the US for analysis. Water for analysis was filtered through a combusted Whatman 25 mm GF/F filter (475 degrees C for 4 hours). After the sample was filtered, the filter tower was rinsed with 20 mL of deionized water. The filter was placed onto an aluminum weighing pan and air dried. Once the filters were dry, a filter paper punch was used to take a sub-sample (10 mm diameter) from the Whatman 25 mm GF/F filter and was analyzed using a Carlo-Erba Elemental Analyzer. The elemental analyzer was standardized with acetanilide. Total particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate organic nitrogen (PON was obtained by dividing the total area of the seston on the filter by the punch area.</literalLayout>
            </para>
          </section>
        </description>
      </methodStep>
    </methods>
    <dataTable>
      <entityName>LIMNO_ALPS_POC_PON</entityName>
      <entityDescription>Details about the entity containing (spreadsheet) the ALPS POC_PON data, such as parameter names, units, definitions and other details.</entityDescription>
      <physical>
        <objectName>LIMNO_ALPS_POC_PON.csv</objectName>
        <size>11799</size>
        <dataFormat>
          <textFormat>
            <numHeaderLines>28</numHeaderLines>
            <numFooterLines>1</numFooterLines>
            <recordDelimiter>\n</recordDelimiter>
            <attributeOrientation>column</attributeOrientation>
            <simpleDelimited>
              <fieldDelimiter>,</fieldDelimiter>
              <quoteCharacter>"</quoteCharacter>
            </simpleDelimited>
          </textFormat>
        </dataFormat>
        <distribution>
          <online>
            <url>https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/LIMNO_ALPS_POC_PON.csv</url>
          </online>
        </distribution>
      </physical>
      <coverage>
        <temporalCoverage>
          <rangeOfDates>
            <beginDate>
              <calendarDate>2013-12-01</calendarDate>
            </beginDate>
            <endDate>
              <calendarDate>2014-11-26</calendarDate>
            </endDate>
          </rangeOfDates>
        </temporalCoverage>
      </coverage>
      <methods>
        <methodStep>
          <description>
            <section>
              <para>
                <literalLayout>Lake water samples were collected at 15m in both lobes of Lake Bonney with the McLane Remote Access Sampler (RAS) 48 times approximately every nine days from December 2013 to December 2014.&#160; Each sample was pumped into a 500 ml sample bag, to whichwe added 5 mL of saturated mercuric chloride (10g 100 ml-1&#160;or 1 mg ml-1&#160;final concentration) before deployment. After redeployment of the RAS, sample bags were stored in 1000 ml Nalgene bottles and shipped to the US for analysis.Water for analysis (ELB sample volumes ranged from 190-497 ml; WLB samples volumes ranged from 406-477 ml; sample volumes varied because the instrument did not always collect the full 500 ml) was filtered through a combusted Whatman 25 mm GF/F filter (475 degrees C for 4 hours). Each filter was placed onto an aluminum weighing pan and air dried. Once the filters were dry, they&#160;were acidified by fuming with HCL, and analyzed using a CE Elantech Flash EA 1112 Elemental Analyzer. Total particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) was obtained by comparison with an acetanilide standard curve.</literalLayout>
              </para>
            </section>
          </description>
        </methodStep>
      </methods>
      <attributeList>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>DATASET_CODE</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>DATASET_CODE</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Code to designate the table name</attributeDefinition>
          <storageType>string</storageType>
          <measurementScale>
            <nominal>
              <nonNumericDomain>
                <textDomain>
                  <definition>Code to designate the table name</definition>
                </textDomain>
              </nonNumericDomain>
            </nominal>
          </measurementScale>
        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>Location Name</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>Location Name</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Name of lake where measurement was made</attributeDefinition>
          <storageType>string</storageType>
          <measurementScale>
            <nominal>
              <nonNumericDomain>
                <textDomain>
                  <definition>Name of lake where measurement was made</definition>
                </textDomain>
              </nonNumericDomain>
            </nominal>
          </measurementScale>
        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>Location Code</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>Location Code</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Code for site where measurement was made</attributeDefinition>
          <storageType>string</storageType>
          <measurementScale>
            <nominal>
              <nonNumericDomain>
                <textDomain>
                  <definition>Code for site where measurement was made</definition>
                </textDomain>
              </nonNumericDomain>
            </nominal>
          </measurementScale>
        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>DATE_TIME</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>DATE_TIME</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Date on which sample was gathered</attributeDefinition>
          <storageType>date</storageType>
          <measurementScale>
            <dateTime>
              <formatString>MM/DD/YYYY</formatString>
            </dateTime>
          </measurementScale>
        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>Depth (m)</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>Depth (m)</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Distance below the piezometric water level from which sample was drawn.</attributeDefinition>
          <measurementScale>
            <ratio>
              <unit>
                <standardUnit>meter</standardUnit>
              </unit>
              <numericDomain>
                <numberType>real</numberType>
              </numericDomain>
            </ratio>
          </measurementScale>
        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>VOLUME_FILTERED</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>VOLUME_FILTERED</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>How much sample was actually filtered</attributeDefinition>
          <storageType>string</storageType>
          <measurementScale>
            <nominal>
              <nonNumericDomain>
                <textDomain>
                  <definition>How much sample was actually filtered</definition>
                </textDomain>
              </nonNumericDomain>
            </nominal>
          </measurementScale>
        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>POC (ug/L)</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>POC (microg L-1)</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Particulate organic carbon concentration found at lake depth</attributeDefinition>
          <measurementScale>
            <ratio>
              <unit>
                <customUnit>ug/L</customUnit>
              </unit>
              <precision>0.1</precision>
              <numericDomain>
                <numberType>real</numberType>
                <bounds>
                  <minimum exclusive="false">0</minimum>
                  <maximum exclusive="false">3000</maximum>
                </bounds>
              </numericDomain>
            </ratio>
          </measurementScale>
          <missingValueCode>
            <code>Null</code>
            <codeExplanation>None given</codeExplanation>
          </missingValueCode>
        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>POC (microM)</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>POC (microM)</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Particulate organic carbon concentration found at lake depth</attributeDefinition>
          <measurementScale>
            <ratio>
              <unit>
                <customUnit>microM</customUnit>
              </unit>
              <precision>0.1</precision>
              <numericDomain>
                <numberType>real</numberType>
                <bounds>
                  <minimum exclusive="false">0</minimum>
                  <maximum exclusive="false">200</maximum>
                </bounds>
              </numericDomain>
            </ratio>
          </measurementScale>
          <missingValueCode>
            <code>Null</code>
            <codeExplanation>None given</codeExplanation>
          </missingValueCode>
        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>PON (ug/L)</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>PON (microg L-1)</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Particulate organic nitrogen concentration found at lake depth</attributeDefinition>
          <measurementScale>
            <ratio>
              <unit>
                <standardUnit>metersPerSecondSquared</standardUnit>
              </unit>
              <numericDomain>
                <numberType>real</numberType>
              </numericDomain>
            </ratio>
          </measurementScale>
          <missingValueCode>
            <code>Null</code>
            <codeExplanation>None given</codeExplanation>
          </missingValueCode>
        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>PON (microM)</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>PON (microM)</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Particulate organic nitrogen concentration found at lake depth</attributeDefinition>
          <measurementScale>
            <ratio>
              <unit>
                <customUnit>microM</customUnit>
              </unit>
              <numericDomain>
                <numberType>real</numberType>
              </numericDomain>
            </ratio>
          </measurementScale>
          <missingValueCode>
            <code>Null</code>
            <codeExplanation>None given</codeExplanation>
          </missingValueCode>
        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>C:N</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>C:N</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio</attributeDefinition>
          <measurementScale>
            <ratio>
              <unit>
                <standardUnit>metersPerSecondSquared</standardUnit>
              </unit>
              <numericDomain>
                <numberType>real</numberType>
              </numericDomain>
            </ratio>
          </measurementScale>
          <missingValueCode>
            <code>Null</code>
            <codeExplanation>None given</codeExplanation>
          </missingValueCode>
        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>Sample Comments</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>Sample Comments</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Helpful hints about the overall sample</attributeDefinition>
          <storageType>string</storageType>
          <measurementScale>
            <nominal>
              <nonNumericDomain>
                <textDomain>
                  <definition>Helpful hints about the overall sample</definition>
                </textDomain>
              </nonNumericDomain>
            </nominal>
          </measurementScale>
        </attribute>
        <attribute>
          <attributeName>File Name</attributeName>
          <attributeLabel>File Name</attributeLabel>
          <attributeDefinition>Name of file in which data was submitted</attributeDefinition>
          <storageType>string</storageType>
          <measurementScale>
            <nominal>
              <nonNumericDomain>
                <textDomain>
                  <definition>Name of file in which data was submitted</definition>
                </textDomain>
              </nonNumericDomain>
            </nominal>
          </measurementScale>
        </attribute>
      </attributeList>
    </dataTable>
  </dataset>
  <additionalMetadata>
    <metadata>
      <stmml:unitList xmlns:stmml="http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml-1.1" xmlns="http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml" xmlns:sch="http://www.ascc.net/xml/schematron" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml-1.1 http://nis.lternet.edu/schemas/EML/eml-2.1.0/stmml.xsd">
        <stmml:unit id="ug/L" name="ug/L" abbreviation="" unitType="">
          <stmml:description />
        </stmml:unit>
        <stmml:unit id="microM" name="microM" abbreviation="" unitType="">
          <stmml:description />
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