Adrian HowkinsStephen ChignellPoppie GullettAndrew G. FountainMelissa BrettEvelin Preciado 2019-08-29 tabular digitial data McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER 10.6073/pasta/6744cb28a544fda827805db123d36557 https://mcm.lternet.edu/content/digital-archive-human-activity-mcmurdo-dry-valleys-antarctica-1902-present Over the last half century, the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) of East Antarctica have become a globally important site for scientific research and environmental monitoring. Historical data can make important contributions to current research activities and environmental management in Antarctica, but tend to be widely scattered and difficult to access. We address this need in the MDV by compiling over 5,000 historical photographs, sketches, maps, oral interviews, publications, and other archival resources into an online digital archive. The data have been digitized and georeferenced using a standardized metadata structure, which enables intuitive searches and data discovery via an online interface. The ultimate aim of the archive is to create as comprehensive as possible a record of human activity in the MDV to support ongoing research, management, and conservation efforts. This is a valuable tool for scientists seeking to understand the dynamics of change in lakes, glaciers, and other physical systems, as well as humanistic inquire into the history of the Southern continent. In addition to providing benchmarks for understanding change over time, the data can help target field sampling for studies working under the assumption of a pristine landscape by enabling researchers to identify the date and extent of past human activities. The full database is accessible via the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research site: http://mcmurdohistory.lternet.edu/. 1902-01-01 2016-06-28 ground condition As needed LTER Core Areas disturbance None <cntperp> <cntper>McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER Information Manager</cntper> </cntperp> <cntemail>im@mcmlter.org</cntemail> Not Applicable Not Applicable Field and/or Lab Methods Using bibliographies of MDV publications (including grey literature) (Antarctic Division, D.S.I.R., 1985; Mead, 1978; New Zealand Antarctic Programme, 1995), recommendations from other researchers, and outreach to "Old Antarctic Explorer" organizations, we compiled a list of individuals who have worked in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. We then contacted these individuals with requests for historical photographs and documents related to the MDV (Fig. 1). When we received interested replies, we collected the data using one of the following approaches. If data (especially photographs) were already available in digital format, we arranged for files to be sent to us electronically. When data were not available digitally, we either arranged for the contributors to digitize their documents locally through commercial scanning services, or we visited the researchers in person with a scanner (either a slide scanner or a flatbed scanner depending on the nature of the data). The in-person visits also facilitated oral history interviews with researchers, which we recorded, transcribed, and included in the archive (Fig. 2).In addition to individuals, we also worked with universities, libraries, archives, and national Antarctic programs. Sometimes data were already easily accessible online, such as the Antarctica New Zealand's digital photograph collection (Antarctica New Zealand, 2017). More often, however, data were only available in non-digital formats, in which case we followed a digitization process similar to our work with the individual researchers. Using bibliographies of MDV publications (including grey literature) (Antarctic Division, D.S.I.R., 1985; Mead, 1978; New Zealand Antarctic Programme, 1995), recommendations from other researchers, and outreach to "Old Antarctic Explorer" organizations, we compiled a list of individuals who have worked in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. We then contacted these individuals with requests for historical photographs and documents related to the MDV (Fig. 1). When we received interested replies, we collected the data using one of the following approaches. If data (especially photographs) were already available in digital format, we arranged for files to be sent to us electronically. When data were not available digitally, we either arranged for the contributors to digitize their documents locally through commercial scanning services, or we visited the researchers in person with a scanner (either a slide scanner or a flatbed scanner depending on the nature of the data). The in-person visits also facilitated oral history interviews with researchers, which we recorded, transcribed, and included in the archive (Fig. 2).In addition to individuals, we also worked with universities, libraries, archives, and national Antarctic programs. Sometimes data were already easily accessible online, such as the Antarctica New Zealand's digital photograph collection (Antarctica New Zealand, 2017). More often, however, data were only available in non-digital formats, in which case we followed a digitization process similar to our work with the individual researchers. unknown EH_ARCHIVALDATA EH - Archival Data Dataset code Internal code. The data provider Internal code. Identifier Internal code. The data provider Internal code. Title Name given to resource. The data provider Name given to resource. Content Text of document. The data provider Text of document. Content URL Link to content on MCM Environmental History website. The data provider Link to content on MCM Environmental History website. Creator Primary author. The data provider Primary author. Other creator Other authors (in order). The data provider Other authors (in order). Place Primary place described by resource. The data provider Primary place described by resource. Latitude Latitude (Y coordinate). The data provider decimalDegrees Longitude Longitude (X coordinate). The data provider decimalDegrees Associated places Other places described by resource. The data provider Other places described by resource. People People mentioned in the document. The data provider People mentioned in the document. Academic field Most relevant academic field(s). The data provider Most relevant academic field(s). Other Miscellaneous tags/keywords (e.g. IGY). The data provider Miscellaneous tags/keywords (e.g. IGY). Season Season of creation and season(s) mentioned in text (if reasonable). The data provider Season of creation and season(s) mentioned in text (if reasonable). Season Season of creation. The data provider Season of creation. Year Year of creation. The data provider calendar date/time YYYY gregorian calendar Date Date of creation. The data provider calendar date/time DD/MM/YYYY gregorian calendar Digitized date Date digitized. The data provider Date digitized. Notes Additional notes. The data provider Additional notes. File format File format (PDF or PNG or JPG). The data provider File format (PDF or PNG or JPG). Digitization specifications N/A The data provider N/A Contributor Person(s) who went to the archive. The data provider Person(s) who went to the archive. Type Environmental history resource type (i.e., Archival Data). The data provider Environmental history resource type (i.e., Archival Data). Country Countries related to the resource. The data provider Countries related to the resource. Language Language(s) related to the resource. The data provider Language(s) related to the resource. Identification number Identifier number(s) of related resource(s). The data provider Identifier number(s) of related resource(s). Source Archival reference (e.g. box 39). The data provider Archival reference (e.g. box 39). Publisher Name of archive. The data provider Name of archive. Bibliographic citation Full bibliographic citation (Chicago style). The data provider Full bibliographic citation (Chicago style). Rights Copyright (copyright holder). Also note any special requirements. The data provider Copyright (copyright holder). Also note any special requirements. McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER The data distributor shall not be liable for innacuracies in the content http 1 0 1 column , https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/EH_ARCHIVALDATA_7.csv None EH_BIBLIOGRAPHY EH - Bibliography Dataset code Internal code. The data provider Internal code. Identifier Internal code. The data provider Internal code. Title Name given to resource. The data provider Name given to resource. Content Text of article. The data provider Text of article. Content URL Link to content on MCM Environmental History website. The data provider Link to content on MCM Environmental History website. Creator Primary author. The data provider Primary author. Other creator Other authors (in order). The data provider Other authors (in order). Place Primary place described by resource. The data provider Primary place described by resource. Latitude Latitude (Y coordinate). The data provider decimalDegrees Longitude Longitude (X coordinate). The data provider decimalDegrees Associated places Other places described by resource. The data provider Other places described by resource. People People mentioned in the text (if reasonable). The data provider People mentioned in the text (if reasonable). Academic field Most relevant academic field(s). The data provider Most relevant academic field(s). Other Miscellaneous tags/keywords (e.g., IGY). The data provider Miscellaneous tags/keywords (e.g., IGY). Season Season of creation and season(s) mentioned text (if reasonable). The data provider Season of creation and season(s) mentioned text (if reasonable). Season Season of creation. The data provider Season of creation. Year Year of creation. The data provider calendar date/time YYYY gregorian calendar Date Date of creation. The data provider calendar date/time DD/MM/YYYY gregorian calendar Digitized date Date digitized. The data provider Date digitized. Description Abstract of publication or additional notes. The data provider Abstract of publication or additional notes. File format File format (PDF). The data provider File format (PDF). Digitization specifications N/A The data provider N/A Contributor Digitizer (if applicable). The data provider Digitizer (if applicable). Type Environmental history resource type (i.e., Bibliography). The data provider Environmental history resource type (i.e., Bibliography). Country Countries related to the resource. The data provider Countries related to the resource. Language Languages(s) related to the resource. The data provider Languages(s) related to the resource. Identification number Identifier number(s) of related resource(s). The data provider Identifier number(s) of related resource(s). Source Volume The data provider Volume Publisher Name of publication/publisher. The data provider Name of publication/publisher. Publisher location Location of publication/publisher. The data provider Location of publication/publisher. Bibliographic citation Full bibliographic citation (Chicago style). The data provider Full bibliographic citation (Chicago style). Rights Copyright (copyright holder). Also note any special requirements. The data provider Copyright (copyright holder). Also note any special requirements. McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER The data distributor shall not be liable for innacuracies in the content http 1 0 1 column , https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/EH_BIBLIOGRAPHY_0.csv None EH_INTERVIEWS EH - Interviews Dataset code Internal code. The data provider Internal code. Identifier Internal code. The data provider Internal code. Title Name given to resource. The data provider Name given to resource. Content Text of transcript. The data provider Text of transcript. Content URL Link to content on MCM Environmental History website. The data provider Link to content on MCM Environmental History website. Creator Interviewee. The data provider Interviewee. Other creator N/A The data provider N/A Place Primary place described by resource. The data provider Primary place described by resource. Latitude Latitude (Y coordinate). The data provider decimalDegrees Longitude Longitude (X coordinate). The data provider decimalDegrees Associated places Other places described by resource. The data provider Other places described by resource. People People mentioned in the text (if reasonable), including interviewee. The data provider People mentioned in the text (if reasonable), including interviewee. Academic field Most relevant academic field(s). The data provider Most relevant academic field(s). Other Miscellaneous tags/keywords (e.g. IGY). The data provider Miscellaneous tags/keywords (e.g. IGY). Season Season of creation and season(s) mentioned in interview (if reasonable). The data provider Season of creation and season(s) mentioned in interview (if reasonable). Season Season of interview. The data provider Season of interview. Year Year of interview. The data provider calendar date/time YYYY gregorian calendar Date Date of interview. The data provider calendar date/time DD/MM/YYYY gregorian calendar Digitized date Date digitized. The data provider Date digitized. Notes Additional notes. The data provider Additional notes. File format File format (PDF and/or WAV). The data provider File format (PDF and/or WAV). Digitization specifications N/A The data provider N/A Interviewer(s). Person(s) who went to the archive. The data provider Person(s) who went to the archive. Type Environmental history resource type (i.e., Interview). The data provider Environmental history resource type (i.e., Interview). Country Countries related to the resource. The data provider Countries related to the resource. Language Language(s) related to the resource. The data provider Language(s) related to the resource. Identification number Identifier number(s) of related resource(s). The data provider Identifier number(s) of related resource(s). Source N/A The data provider N/A Publisher U.S. National Science Foundation. The data provider U.S. National Science Foundation. Bibliographic citation Full bibliographic citation (Chicago style). The data provider Full bibliographic citation (Chicago style). Rights Copyright (copyright holder). Also note any special requirements. The data provider Copyright (copyright holder). Also note any special requirements. McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER The data distributor shall not be liable for innacuracies in the content http 1 0 1 column , https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/EH_INTERVIEWS_0.csv None EH_MAPS EH - Maps Dataset code Internal code. The data provider Internal code. Identifier Internal code. The data provider Internal code. Title Name given to resource. The data provider Name given to resource. Content N/A The data provider N/A Content URL Link to content on MCM Environmental History website. The data provider Link to content on MCM Environmental History website. Creator Primary author. The data provider Primary author. Other creator Other authors (in order). The data provider Other authors (in order). Place Primary focus of map (e.g., Taylor Valley). The data provider Primary focus of map (e.g., Taylor Valley). Latitude Latitude (Y coordinate). The data provider decimalDegrees Longitude Longitude (X coordinate). The data provider decimalDegrees Associated places Other places on map. The data provider Other places on map. People N/A The data provider N/A Academic field Most relevant academic field(s). The data provider Most relevant academic field(s). Other Miscellaneous tags/keywords (e.g. IGY). The data provider Miscellaneous tags/keywords (e.g. IGY). Season Season of creation and season(s) mentioned in map (if reasonable). The data provider Season of creation and season(s) mentioned in map (if reasonable). Season Season of creation/publication. The data provider Season of creation/publication. Year Year of creation/publication. The data provider calendar date/time YYYY gregorian calendar Date Date of creation/publication. The data provider calendar date/time DD/MM/YYYY gregorian calendar Digitized date Date digitized. The data provider Date digitized. Notes Additional notes. The data provider Additional notes. File format File format (PDF or PNG). The data provider File format (PDF or PNG). Digitization specifications DPI The data provider DPI Contributor Digitizer. The data provider Digitizer. Type Environmental history resource type (i.e., Map). The data provider Environmental history resource type (i.e., Map). Country Countries related to the resource. The data provider Countries related to the resource. Language Language(s) related to the resource. The data provider Language(s) related to the resource. Identification number Identifier number(s) of related resource(s). The data provider Identifier number(s) of related resource(s). Source Archival reference (if appropriate). The data provider Archival reference (if appropriate). Publisher Name of archive/publication/publisher. The data provider Name of archive/publication/publisher. Bibliographic citation Full bibliographic citation (Chicago style). The data provider Full bibliographic citation (Chicago style). Rights Copyright (copyright holder). Also note any special requirements. The data provider Copyright (copyright holder). Also note any special requirements. McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER The data distributor shall not be liable for innacuracies in the content http 1 0 1 column , https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/EH_MAPS_0.csv None EH_PHOTOGRAPHS EH - Photographs Dataset code Internal code. The data provider Internal code. Identifier Internal code. The data provider Internal code. Title Name given to resource. The data provider Name given to resource. Content N/A. The data provider N/A. Content URL Link to content on MCM Environmental History website. The data provider Link to content on MCM Environmental History website. Creator Photographer. The data provider Photographer. Other creator N/A. The data provider N/A. Place Primary place in image (prioritize human structures). The data provider Primary place in image (prioritize human structures). Latitude Latitude (Y coordinate). The data provider decimalDegrees Longitude Longitude (X coordinate). The data provider decimalDegrees Associated places Other places in image. The data provider Other places in image. People People in photograph (left to right). The data provider People in photograph (left to right). Academic field Most relevant academic field(s). The data provider Most relevant academic field(s). Other Miscellaneous tags/keywords (e.g. IGY). The data provider Miscellaneous tags/keywords (e.g. IGY). Season Season of creation. The data provider Season of creation. Season Season of creation. The data provider Season of creation. Year Year of creation. The data provider calendar date/time YYYY gregorian calendar Date Date of creation. The data provider calendar date/time DD/MM/YYYY gregorian calendar Digitized date Date digitized. The data provider Date digitized. Notes Additional notes. The data provider Additional notes. File format File format (PNG or JPG). The data provider File format (PNG or JPG). Digitization specifications DPI. The data provider DPI. Contributor Digitizer. The data provider Digitizer. Type Environmental history resource type (i.e., Photograph). The data provider Environmental history resource type (i.e., Photograph). Country Countries related to the resource. The data provider Countries related to the resource. Language Language(s) related to the resource. The data provider Language(s) related to the resource. Identification number Identifier number(s) of related resource(s). The data provider Identifier number(s) of related resource(s). Source Archival reference (if appropriate). The data provider Archival reference (if appropriate). Publisher Name of archive/publication/publisher (if appropriate). The data provider Name of archive/publication/publisher (if appropriate). Bibliographic citation Full bibliographic citation (Chicago style). The data provider Full bibliographic citation (Chicago style). Rights Copyright (copyright holder). Also note any special requirements. The data provider Copyright (copyright holder). Also note any special requirements. McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER The data distributor shall not be liable for innacuracies in the content http 1 0 1 column , https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/EH_PHOTOGRAPHS_0.csv None EH_SKETCHES EH - Sketches Dataset code Internal code. The data provider Internal code. Identifier Internal code. The data provider Internal code. Title Name given to resource. The data provider Name given to resource. Content N/A. The data provider N/A. Content URL Link to content on MCM Environmental History website. The data provider Link to content on MCM Environmental History website. Creator Primary author. The data provider Primary author. Other creator Other authors (in order). The data provider Other authors (in order). Place Primary place in image (prioritize human structures). The data provider Primary place in image (prioritize human structures). Latitude Latitude (Y coordinate). The data provider decimalDegrees Longitude Longitude (X coordinate). The data provider decimalDegrees Associated places Other places in image. The data provider Other places in image. People People in sketch (left to right). The data provider People in sketch (left to right). Academic field Most relevant academic field(s). The data provider Most relevant academic field(s). Other Miscellaneous tags/keywords (e.g. IGY). The data provider Miscellaneous tags/keywords (e.g. IGY). Season Season of creation. The data provider Season of creation. Season Season of creation. The data provider Season of creation. Year Year of creation. The data provider calendar date/time YYYY gregorian calendar Date Date of creation. The data provider calendar date/time DD/MM/YYYY gregorian calendar Digitized date Date digitized. The data provider Date digitized. Notes Additional notes. The data provider Additional notes. File format File format (PNG). The data provider File format (PNG). Digitization specifications DPI. The data provider DPI. Contributor Digitizer. The data provider Digitizer. Type Environmental history resource type (i.e., Sketch). The data provider Environmental history resource type (i.e., Sketch). Country Countries related to the resource. The data provider Countries related to the resource. Language Language(s) related to the resource. The data provider Language(s) related to the resource. Identification number Identifier number(s) of related resource(s). The data provider Identifier number(s) of related resource(s). Source Archival reference (if appropriate). The data provider Archival reference (if appropriate). Publisher Name of archive/publication/publisher (if appropriate). The data provider Name of archive/publication/publisher (if appropriate). Bibliographic citation Full bibliographic citation (Chicago style). The data provider Full bibliographic citation (Chicago style). Rights Copyright (copyright holder). Also note any special requirements. The data provider Copyright (copyright holder). Also note any special requirements. McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER The data distributor shall not be liable for innacuracies in the content http 1 0 1 column , https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/EH_SKETCHES_0.csv None 2019-08-29 2019-08-29 McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER http://mcmlter.org/ Biological Data Profile of the Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata devised by the Federal Geographic Data Committee. Drupal Ecological information Management Systems, version D7, Biological Data Profile module