Anna J. BergstromMichael N. Gooseff 2021-05-05 tabular digitial data McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER 10.6073/pasta/9943dc9f5b04e9d24424911c19349b58 https://mcm.lternet.edu/content/chemical-and-sediment-characteristics-ice-cores-collected-ablation-zones-canada-commonwealth This data package contains chemical and sediment characteristics of ice cores collected from the ablation zones of five glaciers in Taylor Valley, located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica, during the 2015-16, 2016-17, 2017-18, and 2018-19 austral summers. Specifically, shallow ice cores were collected from the ablation zones of Hughes, Howard, Seuss, Commonwealth, and Canada Glaciers in order to characterize the spatial and temporal evolution of ice chemistry and sediment concentration across Taylor Valley. Cores were collected in triplicate from each sampling location and measured 79 mm in diameter and up to 1 m in depth. Cores were sectioned in 5 cm (0-25 cm depth) and 25 cm increments (25 cm to the maximum depth of the core) prior to analyzing chemical and sediment characteristics. Funding for these data was provided by the National Science Foundation Grant #OPP-1637708 for Long Term Ecological Research. 2015-11-25 2019-01-08 ground condition As needed The Canada Glacier a small glacier flowing south-east into the northern side of Taylor Valley.  The glacier receives less than 10 cm of snowfall annually. Its seasonal melting feeds Lake Hoare to the west and Lake Fryxell to the east. 163.057708740234 162.894287109375 -77.598403930664 -77.632133483887 The Commonwealth glacier flows in a southeasterly direction and enters the northern side of Taylor Valley immediately west of Mount Coleman. Named by the British Antarctic Expedition for the Commonwealth of Australia in the early 1900s.   163.373565673828 163.197784423828 -77.545059204102 -77.589111328125 286m 286m meter Howard is a small alpine glacier just west of Crescent Glacier, flowing into Taylor Valley on the north from the Kukri Hills. Geologist T.L. Pewe studied and named it for Arthur D. Howard, 163.147994995117 163.036087036133 -77.662025451660 -77.687744140625 717m 717m meter Hughes Glacier is a small alpine glacier flowing toward Lake Bonney in Taylor Valley from the Kukri Hills on the south. Named for Professor McKenny Hughes. 162.581527709961 162.437667846680 -77.727073669434 -77.749969482422 The Suess Glacier is between the Canada Glacier and Lacroix Glacier, flowing south into Taylor Valley. Scott named after the early nineties British Antarctic Expedition for Professor Eduard Suess. 162.744598388672 162.647781372070 -77.633750915527 -77.651824951172 1 000m 1 000m meter LTER Core Areas inorganic nutrients None <cntperp> <cntper>McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER Information Manager</cntper> </cntperp> <cntemail>im@mcmlter.org</cntemail> Name: Kathleen A. Welch Role: lab technician Name: Joel G. Singley Role: field crew Name: Michael Finnegan Role: field crew Name: Lija Treibergs Role: field crew Name: Marci J. Beitch Role: field crew Name: Forrest G. McCarthy Role: field crew Name: Renée F. Brown Role: data manager Not Applicable Not Applicable Field and/or Lab Methods At each location and sampling time, we collected cores in triplicate to calculate an average and examine the range of variability for a given location at a given time. At a site, three cores were collected in a 2 m equilateral triangle. For the locations with repeat sampling in the same season, cores were collected in the same location with the triangle rotated in order to collect cores adjacent to those of the previous sampling. All coring was done with a SIPRE hand-auger. Cores are 79 mm (3 in) in diameter and varied in length depending on ice quality. We attempted to collect ice up to 1 m, but were sometimes limited by ice temperature and density differences resulting in a crumbly, unusable core or auger frozen and stuck in the glacier. Upon drilling and extracting a core, it was laid out in a plexiglass lined tray were it was measured and unique characteristics were noted. All cores were handled with clean nitrile gloves and the tray was wiped clean between cores. If a core broke into sections, the section lengths were noted, and sections were bagged individually in clean whirlpacks. All cores were stored in coolers and kept frozen for transport off the glacier where they were immediately placed in a -20º C freezer to be stored at the field camp or at McMurdo Station. All cores were processed at McMurdo Station. In the lab, cores were sectioned into 5 cm increments from 0 to 25 cm and 25 cm increments from 25 cm to end of the core. Cores were cut on a band saw in a -20º C freezer. Before cutting ice cores each day, several cuts of frozen deionized water (DIW) “ice cores” were made to clean the band saw blade. The ice from the last cuts of the DIW core was saved, melted, and analyzed for ions to evaluate the cleanliness of the saw. Cores were cut in sections and heat sealed into bags made from polyethylene tubing. The cores were then allowed to melt in the sealed bags at room temperature overnight. The sediment in the core section settled to the bottom of the bags when the ice was fully melted. Water was carefully poured off the top of the bag leaving the sediment settled at the bottom into one 20 ml glass scintillation vial and two triple DI-washed 60 ml polyethylene bottles. Meltwater and all sediment was then filtered through a pre-weighed GF/F filter. The bags were thoroughly rinsed with DIW in order to ensure all sediment was captured on the filter. In the rare cases of very high sediment loads in a core section (several grams), the sediment was scooped into a pre-weighed aluminum weigh boat before the remaining sediment was washed onto a filter. Total weight was tracked for the scooped and filtered sediment to calculate sediment concentrations for that core section. Filters were placed in a weigh boat and dried overnight at 55º C. Filters and associated sediment were weighed on an analytical balance (± 0.1 mg). Sediment and filters were then archived by storing them in individual sealed 50 mm plastic petri dishes. Sediment mass was calculated by subtracting the filter weight from the total weight. The scintillation vials was stored at 4º C and all polyethylene bottles were frozen at -20º C. All samples were shipped back to Boulder, Colorado. In some seasons, samples were analyzed by ion chromatography in McMurdo Station for both anions and cations. In other seasons analysis was done by analyzed by ion chromatography for Cl-, SO4-, and NO3-. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to analyze samples for Ca2+ Na+ K+ Mg2+ and by Latchet for NH4+ in the Arikaree Lab at the University of Colorado Boulder. Samples were analyzed for water isotopes using cavity ring-down spectroscopy on a Picarro in the Barnard Lab at the University of Colorado Boulder. At each location and sampling time, we collected cores in triplicate to calculate an average and examine the range of variability for a given location at a given time. At a site, three cores were collected in a 2 m equilateral triangle. For the locations with repeat sampling in the same season, cores were collected in the same location with the triangle rotated in order to collect cores adjacent to those of the previous sampling. All coring was done with a SIPRE hand-auger. Cores are 79 mm (3 in) in diameter and varied in length depending on ice quality. We attempted to collect ice up to 1 m, but were sometimes limited by ice temperature and density differences resulting in a crumbly, unusable core or auger frozen and stuck in the glacier. Upon drilling and extracting a core, it was laid out in a plexiglass lined tray were it was measured and unique characteristics were noted. All cores were handled with clean nitrile gloves and the tray was wiped clean between cores. If a core broke into sections, the section lengths were noted, and sections were bagged individually in clean whirlpacks. All cores were stored in coolers and kept frozen for transport off the glacier where they were immediately placed in a -20º C freezer to be stored at the field camp or at McMurdo Station.All cores were processed at McMurdo Station. In the lab, cores were sectioned into 5 cm increments from 0 to 25 cm and 25 cm increments from 25 cm to end of the core. Cores were cut on a band saw in a -20º C freezer. Before cutting ice cores each day, several cuts of frozen deionized water (DIW) “ice cores” were made to clean the band saw blade. The ice from the last cuts of the DIW core was saved, melted, and analyzed for ions to evaluate the cleanliness of the saw. Cores were cut in sections and heat sealed into bags made from polyethylene tubing. The cores were then allowed to melt in the sealed bags at room temperature overnight.The sediment in the core section settled to the bottom of the bags when the ice was fully melted. Water was carefully poured off the top of the bag leaving the sediment settled at the bottom into one 20 ml glass scintillation vial and two triple DI-washed 60 ml polyethylene bottles. Meltwater and all sediment was then filtered through a pre-weighed GF/F filter. The bags were thoroughly rinsed with DIW in order to ensure all sediment was captured on the filter. In the rare cases of very high sediment loads in a core section (several grams), the sediment was scooped into a pre-weighed aluminum weigh boat before the remaining sediment was washed onto a filter. Total weight was tracked for the scooped and filtered sediment to calculate sediment concentrations for that core section. Filters were placed in a weigh boat and dried overnight at 55º C. Filters and associated sediment were weighed on an analytical balance (± 0.1 mg). Sediment and filters were then archived by storing them in individual sealed 50 mm plastic petri dishes. Sediment mass was calculated by subtracting the filter weight from the total weight.The scintillation vials was stored at 4º C and all polyethylene bottles were frozen at -20º C. All samples were shipped back to Boulder, Colorado. In some seasons, samples were analyzed by ion chromatography in McMurdo Station for both anions and cations. In other seasons analysis was done by analyzed by ion chromatography for Cl-, SO4-, and NO3-. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to analyze samples for Ca2+ Na+ K+ Mg2+ and by Latchet for NH4+ in the Arikaree Lab at the University of Colorado Boulder.Samples were analyzed for water isotopes using cavity ring-down spectroscopy on a Picarro in the Barnard Lab at the University of Colorado Boulder. unknown GLAC_CHEM_ICE Dataset code Internal dataset code. The data provider Internal dataset code. Glacier Name of the glacier where the ice core was collected. The data provider Name of the glacier where the ice core was collected. Sample date Date of sample collection (GMT +13). The data provider calendar date/time MM/DD/YY gregorian calendar Latitude Latitude of sample collection (GCS WGS1984) in decimal degrees. The data provider decimalDegrees Longitude Longitude of sample collection (GCS WGS1984) in decimal degrees. The data provider decimalDegrees Ice Core ID Numeric ID specifying the site of the ice core collection. Sometimes this is a mass balance stake number if collected adjacent to a stake. Otherwise, 1-4. The data provider Numeric ID specifying the site of the ice core collection. Sometimes this is a mass balance stake number if collected adjacent to a stake. Otherwise, 1-4. Ice Core Replicate Letter associated with the location and replicate in the set of three ice cores collected at that time. If multiple core sets were collected at that location over the season, replicates will be DEF, GHI, etc. The data provider Letter associated with the location and replicate in the set of three ice cores collected at that time. If multiple core sets were collected at that location over the season, replicates will be DEF, GHI, etc. Ice core top depth The depth from the ice surface of the top of the core section. The data provider centimeter Ice core bottom depth The depth from the ice surface of the bottom of the core section. The data provider centimeter Sediment mass Mass of sediment contained in the ice core. The data provider grams Sediment notes Any specific notes about the ice cores or sediment measurements. The data provider Any specific notes about the ice cores or sediment measurements. Lithium concentration Lithium concentration in the ice core. Value of -100 is below detection limit, while -9999 indicates an unanalyzed sample and/or missing value. The data provider milligramsPerLiter (mg/L) Sodium concentration Sodium concentration in the ice core. Value of -100 is below detection limit, while -9999 indicates an unanalyzed sample and/or missing value. The data provider milligramsPerLiter Potassium concentration Potassium concentration in the ice core. Value of -100 is below detection limit, while -9999 indicates an unanalyzed sample and/or missing value. The data provider milligramsPerLiter Magnesium concentration Magnesium concentration in the ice core. Value of -100 is below detection limit, while -9999 indicates an unanalyzed sample and/or missing value. The data provider milligramsPerLiter Calcium concentration Calcium concentration in the ice core. Value of -100 is below detection limit, while -9999 indicates an unanalyzed sample and/or missing value. The data provider milligramsPerLiter Ammonium concentration Ammonium concentration (as N) in the ice core. Value of -100 is below detection limit, while -9999 indicates an unanalyzed sample and/or missing value. The data provider milligramsPerLiter Fluoride concentration Fluoride concentration in the ice core. Value of -100 is below detection limit, while -9999 indicates an unanalyzed sample and/or missing value. The data provider milligramsPerLiter Chloride concentration Chloride concentration in the ice core. Value of -100 is below detection limit, while -9999 indicates an unanalyzed sample and/or missing value. The data provider milligramsPerLiter Bromide concentration Bromide concentration in the ice core. Value of -100 is below detection limit, while -9999 indicates an unanalyzed sample and/or missing value. The data provider milligramsPerLiter Nitrate concentration Nitrate concentration (as N) in the ice core. Value of -100 is below detection limit, while -9999 indicates an unanalyzed sample and/or missing value. The data provider milligramsPerLiter Phosphate concentration Phosphate concentration (as P) in the ice core. Value of -100 is below detection limit, while -9999 indicates an unanalyzed sample and/or missing value. The data provider milligramsPerLiter Sulfate concentration Sulfate concentration in the ice core. Value of -100 is below detection limit, while -9999 indicates an unanalyzed sample and/or missing value. The data provider milligramsPerLiter delta 18O Delta 18O signature The data provider permil delta 18O accuracy Accuracy of delta 18O value, estimated as average accuracy over a run of 40 samples. The data provider permil delta deuterium Delta deuterium signature. The data provider permil Delta deuterium accuracy Accuracy of delta deuterium value, estimated as average accuracy over a run of 40 samples. The data provider permil Deuterium excess Deuterium excess The data provider permil Comments Comments related to chemistry analysis. The data provider Comments related to chemistry analysis. McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER The data distributor shall not be liable for innacuracies in the content http 1 0 1 column , https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/mcmlter-glac-bergstrom-chem-ice-20210601.csv None 2021-05-05 2021-05-05 McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER http://mcmlter.org/ Biological Data Profile of the Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata devised by the Federal Geographic Data Committee. Drupal Ecological information Management Systems, version D7, Biological Data Profile module