b235_model English utf8 dataset McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER Information Manager im@mcmlter.org pointOfContact 2023-09-18 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - North American Profile Metadata - Data with Biological Extensions ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Distribution models of microbial mats and mosses across Fryxell Basin, Taylor Valley, Antarctica (2018-2019) 2023-09-18 publication Schuyler Borges Northern Arizona University https://nau.edu srb558@nau.edu pointOfContact Mark Salvatore Northern Arizona University https://nau.edu mark.salvatore@nau.edu http://msalvatore.net pointOfContact Lee Stanish United States Geological Survey (USGS) https://www.usgs.gov/staff lstanish@gmail.com pointOfContact Sarah Power Virginia Tech http://www.vt.edu/ snpower@vt.edu pointOfContact Eric Sokol National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) https://www.neonscience.org/ sokole@gmail.com http://sokole.blogspot.com/ pointOfContact John "Jeb" Barrett Virginia Tech http://www.vt.edu/ jebarre@vt.edu https://www.biol.vt.edu/faculty/barrett/index.html pointOfContact Christian Tai Udovicic Northern Arizona University https://nau.edu cjtu@nau.edu pointOfContact documentDigital Long-term ecological field surveys from the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research program (MCM LTER) have documented the abundance and diversity of microbial mat types across ephemeral glacial meltwater streams in the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica. However, field surveys are limited and are incapable of being performed across the entirety of streams within a field season. Therefore, we used remote sensing to examine the distribution of these diverse communities across streams in order to determine whether large scale distribution patterns are similar to those the MCM LTER has already thoroughly studied in situ. As part of our 2018-2019 field campaign, we established two to three 20 x 20 m plots within five different streams (Bowles Creek, McKnight Creek, a relict channel, Canada Stream, and Crescent Stream) in the Fryxell Basin of Taylor Valley. We performed point transect and quadrat field surveys of microbial mat and moss cover within each 20 x 20 m plot. We then used hyperspectral measurements of mat and moss collected in the field, previously archived in “Spectral and biological characteristics of microbial mats and mosses across Fryxell Basin, Taylor Valley, Antarctica (2018-2019),” in linear spectral mixing models to determine mat and moss coverage in the same 20 x 20 m plots within an atmospherically corrected WorldView-2 satellite image from Dec. 12, 2018. We ground truthed our modeled mat and moss abundances with our field survey coverages and determined the limitations of our methods. We then modeled mat and moss coverage across Huey Creek and Von Guerard Stream to apply our methods to streams without ground truthing measurements. Our results demonstrate the spatial distribution of moss and black, orange, red, and green microbial mat across Fryxell Basin streams. Observations of mat and moss coverage at the basin-wide scale are similar to those seen in localized stream areas. Name: Renée F. Brown Role: data manager completed McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER Information Manager im@mcmlter.org pointOfContact primary production theme LTER Core Areas English This is the Taylor Valley, a subjectively approximated contour by San Gil. We use this to denote the geographical extent of studies that encompass the whole Taylor Valley. According to Wiki contributors, the Taylor Valley is the southernmost of the three large Dry Valleys in the Transantarctic Mountains, Victoria Land, located west of McMurdo Sound. The valley extends from Taylor Glacier in the west to McMurdo Sound at Explorers Cove at the northwest head of New Harbour in the east and is about 29 kilometres (18 mi) long. It was once occupied by the receding Taylor Glacier, from which it derives its name. Taylor Valley contains Lake Bonney in the west (inward), and Lake Fryxell in the east (coastward), and Lake Hoare, Lake Chad, Mummy Pond and Parera Pond close together between the two. Further east of Lake Bonney is Pearse Valley. Taylor Valley is separated from Wright Valley in the north by Asgard Range, and from Ferrar Glacier in the south by Kukri Hills. 163.624877929690 161.707763671880 -77.808487073526 -77.519802097166 ground condition 2018-12-06 2019-01-25 Funding for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation grants #OPP-1758224 and #OPP-1745053 to Mark Salvatore, a Graduate Research Fellowship award to Schuyler Borges, and #OPP-1637708 and #OPP-2224760 to the MCM LTER for assistance with data management. https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/b235-borges-modtotcov-20230925.csv b235_modtotcov eng; US McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER b235_modtotcov Data Source Definition : Total areal and percent coverage for models. Number of Header Lines : 1 Number of Footer Lines : 0 Orientation : Column Quote Character : "Field Delimiter : , false dataset_code Internal dataset code. model_id Unique model identifier that corresponds with the name of the model and field survey measurements being compared. stream_name Name of the stream associated with the model. model_number Model run identifier. sample_type Sample type (i.e., microbial mat type by color, moss, soil). moisture_content Sample coverage type, roughly corresponding with moisture content (i.e., dry, inundated, wet, total). areal_coverage_m2 Areal coverage of mat and/or moss for the associated model and stream. percent_coverage Percent coverage of mat and/or moss for the associated model and stream. DBF https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/b235-borges-modtotcov-20230925.csv https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/b235-borges-mvmpctcov-20230925.csv b235_mvmpctcov eng; US McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER b235_mvmpctcov Data Source Definition : Measured vs. modeled percent coverage. Number of Header Lines : 1 Number of Footer Lines : 0 Orientation : Column Quote Character : "Field Delimiter : , false dataset_code Internal dataset code. model_id Unique model identifier that corresponds with the name of the model and field survey measurements being compared. stream_name Name of the stream associated with the field measurement or model. plot_id Plot identifier within the stream where the field measurement was taken. See methods for further details. data_type Data type, either field measurement (i.e., point transect or quadrat) or model. See methods for further details. model_number Model run identifier. sample_type Sample type (i.e., microbial mat type by color, moss, soil). moisture_content Sample coverage type, roughly corresponding with moisture content (i.e., dry, inundated, wet, total). percent_coverage Percent coverage of mat and/or moss for the associated stream, plot number, and data type. DBF https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/b235-borges-mvmpctcov-20230925.csv https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/b235-borges-mvmspectra-20230925_0.csv b235_mvmspectra eng; US McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER b235_mvmspectra Data Source Definition : Measured vs. modeled spectral reflectance. Number of Header Lines : 1 Number of Footer Lines : 0 Orientation : Column Quote Character : "Field Delimiter : , false dataset_code Internal dataset code. model_id Unique model identifier that corresponds with the name of the model and field survey measurements being compared. stream_name Name of the stream associated with the field measurement or model. plot_id Plot identifier within the stream where the field measurement was taken. See methods for further details. data_type Data type, either field measurement (i.e., point transect or quadrat) or model. See methods for further details. model_number Model run identifier. band_um Wavelength of reflectance corresponding with bands from the WorldView-2 satellite: 0.427 um, 0.482 um, 0.546 um, 0.608 um, 0.659 um, 0.724 um, 0.831 um, and 0.908 um. reflectance Reflectance values (unitless) associated with each band and measurement/model. DBF https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/b235-borges-mvmspectra-20230925_0.csv https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/b235-borges-mvmstats-20230925_0.csv b235_mvmstats eng; US McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER b235_mvmstats Data Source Definition : Measured vs. model statistics. Number of Header Lines : 1 Number of Footer Lines : 0 Orientation : Column Quote Character : "Field Delimiter : , false dataset_code Internal dataset code. model_id Unique model identifier that corresponds with the name of the model and field survey measurements being compared. stream_name Name of the stream associated with the field measurement or model. plot_id Plot identifier within the stream where the field measurement was taken. See methods for further details. field_survey_type Type of field measurement (i.e., point transect or quadrat). model_number Model run identifier. regression_slope Regression slope calculated between the modeled and measured abundances of mat and moss. regression_intercept Regression intercept calculated between the modeled and measured abundances of mat and moss. regression_r2 Regression R2 value calculated between the modeled and measured abundances of mat and moss. regression_pvalue Regression p-value calculated between the modeled and measured abundances of mat and moss. rmse Regression root mean square error (RMSE) calculated between the modeled and measured abundances of mat and moss. aic Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) value calculated between the modeled and measured abundances of mat and moss. reduced_chi_squared Reduced chi-squared value calculated between the modeled and measured abundances of mat and moss. DBF https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/b235-borges-mvmstats-20230925_0.csv https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/b235-borges-model-scripts.zip b235_model_scripts eng; US McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER b235_model_scripts Data Source Definition : Davinci and python scripts specific to the manuscript associated with this data package, detailing the linear unmixing model methods used to retrieve data from the “mvmspectra” and “mvmpctcov” files. This zip file also includes the multispectral data in their original format for the python script. Number of Header Lines : 1 Orientation : Column Field Delimiter : , false DBF https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/b235-borges-model-scripts.zip dataset During the 2018-2019 austral summer, field surveys were conducted across 20 x 20 m plots established in several streams across the Fryxell Basin of Taylor Valley, Antarctica. Two plots were established in Bowles Creek, McKnight Creek, and Crescent Stream. Three plots were established in Canada Stream and a relict channel, but only the first and third plot in the relict channel was surveyed because plot 2 was outside the channel. Plots were assigned before the field season based on areas with homogenous NDVI signatures. Field surveys involved point transect and quadrat coverage estimates. Point transect measurements were collected by establishing cardinal (N, E, S, W), and intercardinal (NE, NW, SE, SW) transects across the 20 x 20 m plots. Every 25 cm along all transects, surface types were categorized as “dry” and “exposed” or “inundated” and “black mat, orange mat, red mat, black/orange mat, black/orange/red mat, orange/red mat, moss, cobbles/pebbles, sand, or rock.” Results were then averaged across the 20 x 20 m plots as abundances. For quadrat surveying, 1 x 1 m quadrats were randomly generated in the Esri geographic information system software, ArcGIS, within the 20 x 20 m plots. Ten quadrats per 20 x 20 m plot were established for most stream plots. However, due to field logistics and time constraints, some plots only had 6, 8, or 9 quadrats surveyed. Once in the field, 20 x 20 m general plot overview descriptions were recorded (weather, flow conditions, vegetation coverage, any notable features or changes since previous visit), and then each 1 x 1 m quadrat was surveyed. Observations of mat or moss type (black mat, orange mat, red mat, green mat, sandy orange mat, black/orange mat, black/orange/red mat, black/red mat, orange/red mat, moss, moss with black mat on top, black mat with moss on top, black mat and moss with orange mat on top), coverage, water levels (dry, moist, saturated, inundated), and substrate type were recorded. All coverages were then averaged for each quadrat and applied to the entire 20 x 20 m plot (multiple by two if ten quadrats). Further methodological details can be found in Spectral and biological characteristics of microbial mats and mosses across Fryxell Basin, Taylor Valley, Antarctica (2018-2019). For our remote sensing techniques, we first atmospherically corrected a WorldView-2 (WV2) image of Fryxell basin taken on Dec. 12, 2018 using the same methods as Salvatore et al. 2021. We then used multispectral data, found in “Spectral and biological characteristics of microbial mats and mosses across Fryxell Basin, Taylor Valley, Antarctica (2018-2019),” as endmember spectra in linear spectral mixing models in the program, Davinci. Model outputs included averaged abundances of mat and moss within each 20 x 20 m plot and the measured and modeled WV2 spectrum of the 20 x 20 m plot. After merging all coverage datasets, averaged abundances of mat and moss within each 20 x 20 m plot were statistically compared with field survey abundances to determine how well our models were fitting measured in situ data (R2, p-value, RMSE, AIC, and reduced chi-squared were calculated from the results). Other modeled results of mat and moss abundances for entire stream channels were outputted as geotiffs, which were then uploaded to the Harris geospatial deep learning software, ENVI, for further analysis. In ENVI, the reassigned WV2 bands displayed the different coverages of moss and each mat type. Using the statistics tool, percent coverages of mat and moss were found for entire stream channels. Percent coverages were converted to areal coverages by dividing the percentages by the total area of the stream channels.  Metadata Access Constraints: none Metadata Use Constraints: none annually McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER http://mcmlter.org/ pointOfContact